ANNALS ОЕ THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Vol. VII. THE амво OF BRITISH INDIA. By 1 Se DAMBLE, MAAK Е.1..5., Conservator of Forests, School Circle, and Director of the Imperial Forest School, Dehra Dun. CALCUTTA: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press. LONDON : Sold by В. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly; Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ld.; A. Constable & Co. 14, Parliament Street; Luzac & Со. 46, Great Russell Street: E. A. Arnold, 37, Bedford Street, Strand. 1896. Misso T! SOTANICAR BARDEN LIBRARE THE BAMBUSEA OF BRITISH INDIA. By J. S. GAMBLE, M.A., F.L.S., Conservator of Forests, School Circle, and Director of the Imperial Forest School, Dehra Dun. WITH ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEEN PLATES. CALCUTTA: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press. LONDON: Bold by В. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly; Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Со. Ld.: A. Constable & Co, 14, Parliament Street: Luzac & Со. 46, Great Russell Street: E. A. Arnold, 37, Bedford Street, Strand. 1896. ERRATA. Page 2,line 8, from below, after “2” omit ‘,’ 21 1, for ‘ (Lepcha ' read «(Lepcha). » 29, „ 16, for ‘aruhemica’ read ‘arnhemica.’ » 48, „ 28,for FL read * Fi.’ » 62, „ 28, for 'verticiliata' read ‘verticillata’ „ 62, , 31, for ‘lodicules and anthers’ read ‘lodicule and anther.’ „ 62, , 32, before ' Royal’ add ‘ the.’ 3, from below, for hirsute apiculate’ read ‘hirsute-apiculate.’ „ 74, „ 12, from below, for ‘ Proc,’ read ‘Journ.’ and for ‘232’ read ‘ 252.’ „ 93, „ 9, from below, after ‘leaves’ insert ‘ not.’ “5, from below, sor * pbbescent' read * pubescent.’ » 119, „ 7, from below, for ‘eastern’ read ‘ western. „ 121, „ 9, for ‘longispiculata’ read ‘ и š „ 122, ,, 11, from below, for ‘60 to дә? -— ve. ern » Шон 20 frome e, for dee. LA х7 3020 read fur 42. ewe ks EURO WR. ANN. Вот. Bor. Garp, Cate. Vor. VII. INTRODUCTION. Tue tribe of the Вамвозеж is a section of the great natural order GRAMINES, the grasses, and is especially remarkable by containing those large tree-like members of the family whieh are so characteristic of the tropical regions of the globe and so useful to man in the localities where they are found. From the earliest times, travellers have been struck with the beauty and importance of the members of the tribe. Ruprecht in his Monograph, published in 1839, says that the first mentions of bamboos occur in the works of Ctesius, in the letter from Alexander the Great to Aristotle, and in the Natural History of Pliny. After that a considerable blank occurs, so that the next references are to be found in the works of Lobelius (1571), Clusius (1601), Garcia (1605), Marcgrave (1648), Piso (1658), C. Bauhin (1671), van Rheede (1678), Pluckenet (1696), Kaempfer (1712), J. Burmann (1737), etc., although in most cases it is difficult to say what species are referred to. ‘The first writer on Indian bamboos was van Rheede, who in his ** Hortus Malabaricus” described and figured two kinds which we now identify as the species Bambusa arundinacea and Ochlandra Rheedi. — Pluckenet in his * Almagestum botanicum” refers to these two again as “ Arundo arborea, Mambu vel Bambu dicta" and “Arundo arborea, Bambu species altera," and gives а third “ Arundo arbor indica procera mungell dicta.” In 1750 appeared Ше “Herbarium Amboinense ” of Rumphius, who divided the bamboos known to him into eight classes, viz.— 1. Arundo Arbor tenuis, Leleba. Cratium, Bulu seru. spiculorum, ,, tuy. 2. 3. 4. н » Vasaria, » Jaca. 5. 5 » aspera, » potong. 6. 3; » maxima, /, sammat. +: » spinosa, » baduri, 8. » » fer, ә сапа. and these classes again into various kinds ; so that, for instance, the first class was subdivided into six, viz.—Leleba alba, nigra, prava, picta, lineata, amahussana, The identification of Rumphius’ bamboos has afforded work for several botanists, as, for instance, Schultes in 1830, and Miquel in 1855 4 but it is hardly worth while here to give the results, for most of the species mentioned do not belong to the region to which the present work relates but rather to that of the great Malay Archipelago. Ann. Roy. Вот. GARD. CarcurrA, Vor. УП. ii INTRODUCTION. т w су In the first edition of the * Species Plantarum” of Linnæus, 1755, one species is given under the name Arundo Bambos. There is no doubt but that several species were referred to under that name, the chief and principal one being the common Bambusa arundinacea. In 1814 appeared the “ Hortus Bengalensis” of Dr. W. Roxburgh, Superin- tendent of the Company's Garden, now the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, in which list were enumerated seven species under the names Bambusa arundinacea, stricta, Tulda, Balcooa, baccifera, spinosa, nana, which were afterwards described in the author's * Flora Indica." These form six of the species described in this work. In 1839 appeared the admirable monograph of Dr. F. J. Ruprecht, published first of all in the proceedings of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and afterwards as a separate work. In this, about 18 species were described from the Indo-Malayan region, corresponding to about 12 of those herein described. Then came, in 1866, the “Monograph of the Bambusaceæ,” by Colonel Munro, с.в., published in the “ Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. XXVI, which is the foundation of our modern knowledge of bamboos. In that work were published descriptions of Indo-Malayan species corresponding to about 70 of those herein given. Arranged in genera, Munro's Monograph described of Indo-Malayan species about 70 altogether, allowing for those which have been herein reduced. Genus. Fully known. Partly known. Doubtful. Total. Arundinaria bns 10 5 dae 15 Thamnocalamus 2 Phyllostachys l Bambusa As 17 Gigantochloa 2 Oxytenanthera 4 Melocanna i + Schizostachyum e 1 Cephalostachyum 3 Pseudostaehyum 1 Teinostachyum 2 Beesha 2 Dendrocalamus 8 Dinochloa $ Total .. 58 12 Ди Ки ІЗ — w o oo F ç h & 0 Š = | с | The “Flora Sylvatica” of Madras, by Colonel R. H. Beddome, described 18 species as indigenous in Southern India, and of these 16 are admitted; while the “Forest Flora of British Burma," by S. Kurz, which appeared in 1878, included 30 species of that country. In the present work, 115 species are described, making a considerable addition to those known to Munro; but this number is by no means the end; for there exist in Upper Assam, Upper Burma, Tenasserim, the Malay States, and even in South India also, several species which are known either only by the INTRODUCTION. lil collection of a few leaves or by report, and these will require to be described later on as material for the purpose becomes available. The subdivision of the Bambusee into sections and genera adopted in this work їз that of the “Genera Plantarum" of Bentham and Hooker. Of the 22 genera given in that work, 14 belong to the Indo-Malayan region, the rest being chiefly American.* In the following pages, only one new genus has been described, 74y;- sostachys, so that we have 15 genera in all. In Engler and Prantl’s * Die Naturli- chen pflanzenfamilien," now under publication, 23 genera are given. This is accounted for by the authors having placed Guadua under Bambusa, and by their having added two new genera founded by Franchet for West African species (A/rac- tocarpa and Риейа). The most recently published work on the genera is Baillon’s * Histoire des Plantes," Volume XII, 1894, in which 28 genera are admitted, the new ones being Gwaduella, Microcalamus (West Africa), Glaziophyton (South America), Fargesia (China), while Guadua is restored to generic rank. The distribution of bamboos depends upon climate. They are found more or less in all tropical and semi-tropical regions, but especially in Asia and in South America. In Europe there are none. In Asia they extend through India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to China and Japan. In Australia there аге (so Baron Von Mueller, x.c.w.c., the Government Botanist in Victoria, informs me) four species, one only of which (Bambusa Arnhemica, F. von Muell) has yet been described; and there is one in New Caledonia. In Africa there are species of Отугепашћета in Abyssinia and East Africa, of Wastus in the Mascarene Islands, and of four new genera in West Africa, while South Africa has only one species. In America there are many species, but of genera distinct from those of Asia. Те descriptions given herein have been drawn up on the advice of Dr. С. King, as nearly as possible on a uniform system, giving, in regular order, the characteristics of the chief organs. And here it may be as well to give a few remarks on these characteristics. The сотмз or stems of all bamboos are more or less cylindrical, hollow in the interior, and separated by partitions into joints. The partitions are called nodes, and the portions between them are called internodes. In almost all the Indian bamboos, the culms are cylindrical, but in some species there is a slight tendency to angularity, as, for instance, in Dinochloa AMcClellandi, which has the joints arranged in zig-zag fashion, and the younger culms faintly quadrangular. In the species of Phyllostachys and in Bambusa arundinacea, the internodes are often grooved or flattened on one side. But in none of the Indian species is there anything like the marked angularity which is met with in the “square bamboo” of China, known at present by the name Bambusa quadrangularis, Fenzi (see article on “The square bamboo," by W. T. Thiselton-Dyer in “ Nature" for August 27th, 1885, p. 391). In some Indian species the cavities of the culms are almost, if not quite, absent. This is especially the case with a certain number of culms in each clump + ARUCNDINARIEE. Arthrostylidium, Athroostachys, Merostachys, Chusquea, and Planotia; all American, Вамрозеж. Naatus--Réunion ; Guadua—America ; and Greslania—New Caledonia. Axx. Вот. Por. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. ҮП. lv INTRODUCTION. in the common “Male bamboo” (Dendrocalamus strictus) when it is found growing in а suitable dry locality and on poor soil, as for instance in the Siwalik Hills near Hardwar. In Arundinaria Prainü, а very thin wiry climbing species, the culms are usually, if not always, solid. The nodes of the culms of bamboos are always prominent, some, however, less so than others; the lower ones frequently bear root scars or curved thick stiff rootlets surrounding them as a fringe. These roots sometimes develop and enter the ground, but very often they dry up and leave pro- minent scars or projecting stumps. Some bamboos have their nodes shaggy with circles of hair, in some the nodes broaden out (as in Dendrocalamus patellaris) into flattish plates; while some again are furnished with a ring of more or less formidable spines. Such spines occur in Arundinaria callosa and Ст Мапа. and in Dinochloa Tjangkorreh ; and in these species they seem to be due more to arrested rootlets than is the case with the spines of Bambusa arundinacea and В. Вштеапа, which are only borne on branches, and not on the main culm, and which are attached only on one side, where they are obviously caused by arrested buds which may or may not afterwards develop into branchlets. None of these species, however, have the spines of any great length, nothing like those of a species which is said to occur on the hills between Burma and Assam, and to bear at its nodes spines between 4 and 6 inches long and very sharp, so that to penetrate the thickets must be a work of considerable danger even to wild animals accustomed to the jungles. Usually the knots eross the culms at right angles, but occasionally specimens are found with the knots united into a spiral (See Kurz Ind. Forester, I. 252, plate 1, figure 2.) This is especially the case with Melocanna bamusoides. In size, the culms of bamboos are very variable, and range from the gigantic culm of Dendrocalamus giganteus, which often reaches 100 to 120 feet in length, with a diameter of 8 to 10 inches, down to those of the little Arundinaria densifolia, which is hardly 3 feet high at most, with diameter of 4 inch. Between these limits almost every possible size may be met with, though of course in some of the climbing species the length of culm may frequently be greater than even the 100 feet of the giant “Wado.” The inter- nodes of bamboos vary in character as much as the nodes, chiefly in colour, or in amount of pubescence. Most, of them are green in colour, of various shades, some tending to white when covered with waxy scurf, some to brown or grey when furnished with thick appressed spicules (е./., the felted culms of Bambusa polymorpha or the velvety ones of Oxytenanthera monostigma), and some, as in a variety of Bambusa vulgaris, to yellow with green stripes. In Bambusa а тв and Gigantochloa verticillata the inter- nodes are striped with pale green and white. In length, too, the internodes vary much, the longest being probably those of Tei»ostachyum Helferi, which have been . known to reach 52 inches. | 27. | Before completing my remarks upon the culms of bamboos, it is necessary to mention the substance “ tabasheer," which is a.“ silicious whitish floury substance, which — is found as a secretion, or more probably as a residuum, in the interior of the joints “of several species (especially Bambusa arundinacea), often up to an inch i 1 э» (Kurz in Ind, Porcio, L 930). "This | p inch in thickness i ?, 1. . this substance has been much discussed from the INTRODUCTION. v very earliest times, and it is considered in China and elsewhere to be a valuable medicine. For an account of it, it will be best for those who are interested in the subject to refer to various works, and especially to the article ** Bamboo" in Dr. G. Watt's “ Dictionary of the Economic Products of India," vol. I; to the account given at vol. ПІ, p. 587, of the “ Pharmacographia Indica," of Messrs. Dymock, Warden and Hooper; and to a paper by Sir D. Brandis, in *Ind. Forester XIII, 107." The внтгомез of bamboos are of two kinds: (1) those with cæspitose culms, in which the rhizomes are short, knotty, thick, solid growths which form an entangled network below (or occasionally pushed up above) the surface of the soil, and from which, as they grow, are thrown out the buds which develop into culms; (2) those with distant culms, in which case the rhizome pushes its way underground and sends out at intervals rootlets into the soil and buds from which the culms arise singly. Most of the Indian bamboos belong to the first section, and of this Dendrocalamus strictus and Bambusa arundinacea may be taken as types. Тһе most characteristic bamboo of the second section is Melocanna bambusoides, whose long rhizomes have the power of spreading so far and so quickly that vacant spaces in the hills where the bamboo occurs can be covered with culms in an incredibly short space of time. The species of Phyllostachys seem to have all this habit of growth, and two of the newly-described Arundinarias, А. Jaunsarensis and А. Rolloana, as also A. racemosa, are particularly remarkable for their power of spreading. The length of the rhizome Of 4. Jaunsarensis between culms often reaches as much as 3 feet, and the rhizomes of this and of 4. racemosa make good flexible riding canes. Bamboos with long rhizomes near the surface of the soil are very easy to propagate, for at the base of each sucker are buds which are capable of developing. In those with cespitose culms the rhizomes are much shorter, and the detachment of portions fit for propagation is not so easy, though it is quite feasible and usually successful if a portion of rhizome furnished with good buds and with the roots intact is removed. The new culms usually develop with the beginning of the rainy season, and it is noticeable that whichever is the chief rainy season in any part of India, that season is the one for the new culms to come up. In Northern India both Bambusa arundinacea and Dendrocalamus strictus send up their new culms in June or July, when the south-west monsoon begins; but in South India, as may be excellently seen on the eastern slopes of the Nilgiris (е.7., in the Coonoor Valley) the new culms appear in September or October, probably with the first burst of the north-east monsoon rains. | When Ше young culm-bud first begins to develop, a conical growth is seen protruding from the ground, covered with imbricating sheaths, often of a bright colour and furnished with blades. Gradually, the cone lengthens, the sheaths separate, the nodes appear, and in a greater or less time, according to locality and climate, a full culm is produced. Then usually, one by one, the sheaths drop off, the buds at the nodes put out branches, and these produce their leaves. Kurz in “ Bamboo and its use” gives an account of observations taken in Calcutta, under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich, which shewed that a culm of Dendrocalamus giganteus grew 25 feet 9 inches in 31 days, and one of Bambusa Balcooa 12 feet, l inch in 23 days ; vi INTRODUCTION. while shoots of Bambusa Tulda, according to Roxburgh, rise to their full size of from 20 to 70 feet in height in about 30 days. Тһе curw-suraTHs, to which we have referred as surrounding the young shoots, are very interesting, for they are almost always of shapes which are characteristic of the species to which they belong. In regard to this, Munro ваув:--“ The spathes or large sheaths which cover the nodes “ог lower portions of all bamboos vary much in size and appearance, and will, I “think, afford good characters when they are more studied and better known. “Dr. Brandis has paid considerable attention to this subject; but these sheaths do "not appear in general to have attracted the notice of collectors." Kurz, too, held strongly the opinion that these culm-sheaths were very important in classification, and his collection of drawings of culm-sheaths, deposited in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, has proved of great service to me. Thanks to the exertions of many friends and to Ше facilities for collection I have myself enjoyed, there are not many species herein described of which the sheaths are unknown; and a glance at the drawings of them, and, still better, at the Herbarium sheets, will show that almost all have some definite characteristic which is sufficient in the absence of the flowers to identify the species. Culm-sheaths have three principal parts. The first part, the sheath proper, corresponding to the petiole of ordinary leaves, appears in bamboos as a broad expansion with its base attached at the node of the culm. Sometimes the sheath is very thin and papery, as in most Arundinariae; sometimes it is thick and smooth, as in most Dendrocalami and Bambuse; and sometimes it is coriaceous in texture, as in Риос Моа and Ozytenanthera. Bourdilloni. Yn regard to clothing, some species (6.7., Dendrocalamus sikkimensis) have a dense felted mat of brittle stiff hairs all over the outer surface, and from this down to the nearly glabrous sheath of Dendrocalamus giganteus there is almost every gradation. The second part is the “imperfect blade," corre- sponding to: the blade of a leaf, and is inserted on the top of the sheath, where it takes many forms and shapes, and frequently is decurrent into “auricles,” which often are fringed in various ways with stiff bristles. In most species of Arun- dinaria, Phyllostachys, Thyrsostachys, Oxytenanthera, Dendrocalamus, Melocanna, and Teinostachyum the imperfect blade is narrow, frequently recurved and long; while in Bambusa, Gigantochloa, Dinochloa, and some species of Cephalostachyum it is broad, triangular and much decurrent. The blade of Bambusa khasiana is swollen out and inflated, while in Ochlandra setigera it is scarcely more than a fine needle-like point. The Мита part is the ligule, inserted, as in the leaves of all grasses, on the inner surface at the junction of the sheath and blade. There is, of course, in all parts, as Kurz has pointed out, a good deal of difference in size and shape, according as the sheath is taken from the base, the middle, or the top of a culm, or from a side branch; but a little study and experience soon teaches us to recognize the general characters, Almost the only cases I know of in which the culm-sheath fails to yield a distinguishing character are Bambusa Tulda, В. nutans, B. teres and Gigantochloa macrostachya, in which four species the culm-sheaths are very similar in appearance INTRODUCTION. vil The Leaves of all bamboos are very similar in general appearance, for, although some species have usually large leaves and others quite small leaves, the size depends much on the part of the plant from which they are taken. Thus, in Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, the leaves of young shoots and the end leaves of strong branches are usually very large, while those of medium branches are moderate in size and those of thin shoots from lower nodes are quite small. In respect to deter- mination therefore, as Kurz says, “little value can be attached to the size, shape and “nervature of bamboo leaves." Bamboo leaves are usually linear, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in shape; they have usually a short petiole into which the base, which is frequently unequally cut, extends; the point is usually long acuminate, often scabrous, sometimes shaggy (Bambusa khasiana and В. marginata); the edges are often scabrous; the sides glabrous or softly hairy and the veins parallel and prominent. I have described these veins as they are usually seen: first a midrib or main vein usually thick; secondly a number or pairs of secondary veins easily seen with the naked eye; and ¢hirdly a number of intermediate veins, usually 5 to 7, for seeing which a lens is required. Then there are fourthly the transverse veinlets, and here I wish to note that, so far as my own observation goes, true transverse veinlets occur only in the genera Jrundinaria and Phyllostachys; in others, what appear to be transverse veinlets are not really such, but are caused by glands which in fresh specimens are seen through the leaf as pellucid dots and in dry specimens as raised lines, giving the appearance of cross bars between two neighbour- ing intermediate veins. At the base of each leaf, below the petiole, come the “ leaf- sheaths” and “ligules”; both often giving good characters for the identification of species; for the leaf-sheaths are often furnished with ciliæ or bristles and small auricles of various shapes, and the ligules may be of different degrees of prominence, those of Ochlandra Brandisii and Gigantochloa ligulata being especially long. In regard to INFLORESCENCE, there is great variation among bamboos ; sometimes the spikelets appear on leafy branches, sometimes in gigantic panicles covering a whole culm; sometimes the spikelets are very few and scanty, sometimes they are extremely numerous; sometimes they are distant on the branches of the inflorescence, sometimes congested into large rounded heads. The inflorescence is made up of spikelets with or without bracts. These spikelets vary much in the number and arrangement of the flowers, but they all contain (I) empty glumes, usually two, sometimes more, sometimes fewer; then a variable number of flowers, of which the lowest and the last may often be empty, but consisting of (2) a flowering glume, generally similar to the empty glumes; (3) a palea which is usually keeled or convolute and embraces (4) the Jodicules which vary in number, being sometimes absent, as in most Dendrocalam, sometimes very many, as іп Ochlandra, but usually three in number as in most genera: (5) the stamens which are three in number (as in most Arundinariee), six (as in Hubambusee, Dendrocalamee and most genera of Melocannee), or many (as in most species of Ochlandra, one of which may have as many as 120); and (6) the ovary, surmounted by Ше style and stigmas. In all these parts there is considerable variation, and indeed in the Vili INTRODUCTION. same genus we may see great variation in the size, length and number of flowers borne by a spikelet. Thus, in the genus Arundinaria, the spikelets of 4. callosa may be 2 to 3 inches long with 6 to 12 flowers, while in А. densifolia they reach barely half an inch in length with only one flower. Of all the parts of the flower, the best characters for classification purposes are given by the paleas, which are usually boat-shaped, rounded or pointed or cleft at the apex, 2-k eeled or not, with or without cilie on the keels, and variously veined between the keels and on either side. The lodicules often give good characters ; when fresh they are often fleshy, when dry thin and membranous, and they may be variously pointed, ciliate, and veined. The квшт of bamboos is а caryopsis, which usually resembles those of other sections of grasses, but which sometimes has interesting and peculiar characters of its own. In the Arundinariee and Eubambusee the pericarp is thin and adnate to the seed, and the caryopsis is small, more or less resembling a grain of wheat or barley. In the Dendrocalamee and Melocannee the seed is surrounded by a separable pericarp, which is crustaceous in some genera, thick and tough in Melocalamus (in which genus Ше fruit is large, reaching a diameter of 1 to 15 inches), and large and fleshy in Melocanna and Ochlandra. In Melocanna bambusoides a fruit is large and pear-shaped, often reaching 3 to 5 inches in length and 2 to 3 inches in breadth; while іп Ochlandra travancorica it is often 4 inches ios (including the stiff conical beak). It is only in a few species of bamboo (e.g., Arundinaria Wightiana, Bambusa lineata and Ochlandra stridula) that flowering takes place annually; in most cases flowering seasons come only at long intervals, and then Ше whole of the clumps of one species in a given locality flower gregariously and die down after flowering and giving seed. Even in those kinds which may be found occasionally in flower sporadically (e.g., Dendrocalamus strictus and D. Hamiltonii) general flowerings also take place, and at these the seed produced is usually good, while that given in the sporadic flowering is often poor and of small quantity. АП the information which it has been possible to collect has been given under the various species concerned; but it may here be noted that the information is still incomplete, and many more observations will have to be made and recorded before we can begin to predict the flowering times of most of the species. It is owing to the long period which elapses between flowerings that our knowledge of the flowers of bamboos is still so imperfect, and that there are still so many species of which the flowers and fruit, and consequently the real position in the systematic arrangement, are unknown. The distribution of bamboos in India naturally follows the distribution of the rainfall. In the following table is recorded the list of the bamboos herein described, with their а according to the seven principal regions, viz. (1) North-Western India—including Bihar, Ше North-Western Provinces, Oudh, the PN = and Ше C from Nepal westwards, | INTRODUCTION. 1х (2) Central India and the Deccan—including the Central Provinces, Central India States, Chota Nagpur, Orissa, the Northern Circars, Hydera- bad, the Bombay Deccan, the Ceded Districts, Mysore, and the Carnatic. (3) Western Ghats and the Coast—including the Concan, Kanara, Malabar, Travancore, and the Hill Ranges of the Gháts. (4) Ceylon. (5) Bengal, N. E. Himalaya and Assam—including Lower Bengal, Sikkim and Bhutan, Assam, Manipur, Tippera and Chittagong, with the adjoining Hill Ranges to the water-parting west of the lrawadi. (6) Burma—including Upper Burma and its Hill Ranges, Реди, Arracan, and Upper Tenasserim. (7) Malaya—ineluding Lower Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and States down to Singapore and the Andaman Islands. Bengal, North. | Central | Western d Malaya No. Name. Western | India and | Gháts and | Ceylon. H asl Burma. India. | Deccan. | Coast. "ey % Andamans Assam. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 “ 1 €— Walkeriana, Munro =e ER бей 1 1 2 Wightiana, Nees > ~ ж 1 1 3 м floribunda, Thw 1 4 A cap aue 1 | 5 , stachya, Kurz = 1 ы 6 Е DX ilis, Thw. 1 б Ж 7 js densifolia, Munro 1 1 hes - 8 » osa, M ... 1 я 9 Ж Griffithiana, Munro 22 1 š; 10 ” callosa, Mu eve 1 . i 4 faleata, Nees 1 ... ~ dio 12 % khasiana, Nees өле "s 1 Ы. 8 intermedia, Munro a dis ie 1 - ER Hookeriana, M ч чи 1 thiflora, . ... m 16 $^ C өлімнің, Сонм + 5 Ж і : " Faleoneri, Hooker 1 ‘oe 1 18 " Ргаши, Gamble ~ „> li 1 19 % microphylla, Munro A 1 20 » hirsuta, Munro - ~ 1 21 Ф Gallatlyi, Gamble >. sen 1 22 ib J le Ж 1 iin A 23 me Rolloana, Gamble oe : 24 suberecta, ise 2 s Kurzii, Gamble қ "S 1 26 Mannii, Gamble к isi 1 27 Phyllostachys pops Sieb. and 1 28 M 1 S Ы 29 | Bambusa Tulda, Roxb - 1 1 1 ES 30 hrs nutans, Wall. 1 1 А қ 81 ч teres, Наш. . 1 ~ | 32 a Ridleyi, Gamble ны 2 1 33 6 b ica, ble * ... 1 PP 34 j poly я l ae 35 ” я раШда, ма aoe 36 » .. Minis, M од 1 P 37 b khasiana, Munro 1 с ЗА 38 a nana, Roxb 1 Е 1 Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CGALCcUTTA, Vor. УП. x INTRODUCTION. Bengal, North- на. ои O dein m ater їо. NAME. Western | India and | Ghats an eylon. |тг ајауд | Purma. an aki ‘ths ndia. Пессап. oast. and Andamans, Assam 1 2 3 4 5 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 39 Equi ie пени Roxb. d 1 = d © 1 1 40 garis, Schr. А 1 1 1 1 1 41 а Наи Gamble e. 1 42 м Kingiana, Gamble - 1 43 а lineata, Munro 1 ii о. Munro 1 45 м Ст шапа, 1 46 ДА Wrayi, S apf bee 1 47 е Blumeana, Sch. KK са РЫ) Ы. ла 1 48 E arundinacea, Willd. ы 1 1 1 1 1 1 49 S auriculata, Kurz T EM vk ща T 1 1 50 i villosula, Kurz rae as Оз du bd e 1 51 а Mastersii, Munro ^ ET ке m И 1 ... 52 marginata, Munro " sa ... 1 53 Thyrsostachys OM Gamble š - = 1 54 slamensis, Gamble e 1 1 55 Gigantochloa жин Mun а et 1 56 H^ cortechinii, Gamble x 1 57 Š и. Kurz A 1 1 у 58 р і, Gambl т ө 1 59 PR Kurzii, Gamble қ? ... 1 60 а P MTM Munro и e. 1 . 61 А ligulata, Gamble на ... 1 62 latis теле ин Gamble 4% Vid e oon ды, M ... i 63 Oxytenanthora nigrociliata Munro ... => 1 E МЯ 1 1 1 64 alboeiliata, (T ing Я T bii м й 1 65 “ sinuata, Gamble say A P - ... 1 66 ы oli», Brandis A — M ы 1 УУ 67 M hwaitesii, Munro =. 1 1 s X UT 68 РА monostigma, = dome . eR 1 и ... e 69 4 tocksii, Mun >. i ay ^" 9 Bourdilloni, ви Ж д, Ps RE 1 ДЫ ... a { Dendrocalamus strietus, Nees м 1 1 1 ih 1 sel 2 sericeus, с. 1 2 "u^ бег M ss 3 i membranaceus, Munro .. a ee б - : i | 4 ра sikkimensis, Gamble ... 737 x t .. d: 5 » Hookeri, Mu 4 1 Е 1 б» en 16 E H miltonii, N and Arn. 1 4 .. 1 1 set 7 ” patellaris, Gamble E^ 4 is 1 ... «s 78 » giganteus, Mun s Ў е У, 1 1 1 79 » ealostachyus, Kurz — ... Š ; Ж 1 "€ 80 “ longispathus, Kurz ... š ын 1 1 “ 81 " | disii, Kurz ығы “.. $ : за 1 өөө 82 » flagellifer, Munro is 06 id aoe а s. 1 83 „ nter a Gamble Еј A M E 5 MY e 1 84 » Parishii, Mun E 1 E 6 85 Collettianus, Қайы de pr 1 мн Бань & Hk. f. à = I ' у seudostae emp а е x M 1 5 iav 88 | Teinostachyum G xdi A Момо. № Es P» ii 1 1 Rt 89 Wightii, Веддоте i^ На m 1 Z EN sii ui Из Dullooa, Gamble ME Em иа is M 1 1 e 1 ” Helferi, Gamble ‘a e js ES dis 1 На s | | Cephalostachyum capitatum, Munro ` ix 2 1 ... Ба КЕ а pallidum, Munro ... А ii n ET 1 1 че К ” , M . .. .. . .. 1 1 ... ] „ Fuchsianum, Gamble 4 ec | E: 1 ... us 97 ” ғ, М in Де 1 s; 1 1. ко : ” im, Kure ... ... ... • ... : ... ” ... oe 100 |Dinochloa Рода Трое va cca з jd в 2d Зи T 101. ellandii, pd А. i i» m = : 1 1 = Schizostachyum tenue, рана. í ы” x ipi 25 5 "n 1 ” ... ... i» S d ДЕП I 104 : » ; Blumei, Nes von Es, ... ... ... see ... ... ... - 105 D latifolium, Gamble | |. р si . 1 106 | 5% aciculare, Gamble m x 4 idi Ў J | | INTRODUCTION. xi Bengal, | | , а North- Central | Western "eee Мајауа Хо. NAME. Western India and | Gháts and | Ceylon. а-ы > Вигша. | and n eccan. Coast. pe А уа, Andamans. Assam. 1 2 | 3 4 5 6 7 | 8 | 9 | | | 1 Melccanna bambusoides, Trin, —- К ВА i А 1 1 А 108 T „amilis, Kur й кф ese - "» | - 1 ins 109 | Ochlandra Rheedii, Bth. & Hk. f. ei ~ ~ 1 - es 4 110 in idula Th A E е s 1 a eu 111 E: Beddomei, Gamble 1 ven Ве 12 is travancorica 1 ese s 113 = Brandisii, Gamble 1 ы ex 114 и Ridleyi, Gamble e n 1 115 » setigera, Gamble 1 е не Total indigenous ... 7 6 15 9 46 39 39 » naturalized 4 ен 1 1 3 Свахр Тотал, ors 11 6 16 | 10 49 42 31 In region (1), Nortu-West INprá, the chief bamboo is Dendrocalamus strictus, Which is found in forest regions throughout the area, dp to about 3,000 feet in the hills. In Bihar and Gorukhpur, Bambusa Ваісооа is common about villages. In the Himalaya there are four species of drundinaria, of which the most abundant are A. falcata and А. spathiflora. Commonly planted everywhere is the thorny Bambusa arundinacea, while B. nutans, Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, апа D. Hookeri are cultivated in the lower hills and the plains adjoining. In all there are 11 species, 7 wild and 4 acclimatized. In region (2), CENTRAL INDIA AND THE Deccan, two species are prominent: Dendrocalamus strictus on the drier hill slopes and in drier plains forests, and Bambusa arundinacea in the hill valleys, along the rivers and (in a stunted form) on waste lands near the eastern coast. Bambusa Tulda occurs in the hills of the Eastern Ghats in Vizagapatam and Godavari districts ; Dendrocalamus sericeus on the hill of Parasnáth in Chota Nagpur; Cephalostachyum pergracile in the Singhbhum forests ; and Олуѓепапіћега nigrociliata in Orissa. There are six species in all. Region (3), тнк WzsrERN Guats AND Coast, is characterized by the prevalence of the genera Omyftenanthera and Ochlandra. Of the former genus, four species occur, the chief of which is Oxytenanthera Thwaitesii ; while of the latter there are five species, the most striking of which is the gregarious reed-like Ochlandra travan- corica, remarkable for its large flowers and huge fruits. On the higher hills are found three species of Arundinaria, the most common of which is A. уана, so prevalent on the Nilgiri Hills. Teinostachyum Пони is found in the dense forests of the Western Ghats. Bambusa arundinacea and В. vulgaris are frequent along the Malabar Coast and in the valleys leading into it. The number of species is 16, of which one is acclimatized only. ian | In region (4), Свугох, nine indigenous and one acclimatized species are found, only four of which are really endemic, viz., the two Arundinarias А. debilis and - Ахх. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. xii INTRODUCTION. A. floribunda, Teinostachyum attenuatum and Ochlandra задата. Thus, the bamboo flora of Ceylon may be said to approach very nearly to that of the hills of the Western Ghats of Southern India. In region (5), Вехслт, Nomru-Easr HIMALAYA AND Assam, the most charac- teristic species are probably Dendrocalamus Hamilton in the north, Bambusa Tulda in the middle region, and Melocanna bambusoides in the south; all of them gregarious species. This region has the large number of 49 species so far known, but of these 8 are acclimatized only. Тһе most noticeable point is the abundance of species of Arundinaria and Phyllostachys, of which there are по less than 18 species described up to date. In order, however, to discuss the characteristics of this region, we must divide № into sub-regions and refer to each separately. In the first sub-region, the plains country of Lower Bengal and the valleys, Bambusa Tulda, B. Balcooa, and В. arundinacea are found about villages. In the second, the hills of the North-East Himalaya in Sikkim and Bhutan, the common species of the lower hills and “Terai” is Dendrocalamus Hamiltonn; as we ascend up to 4,000 feet, Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus sik- himensis and Arundinaria intermedia are met with, with other less common species; higher up again, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, come Cephalostachyum capitatum, Psendos- tachyum polymorphum, Arundinaria Hookeriana, Teinostachyum Dullooa, Dendrocalamus patellaris and others; in the forests of 6,000 to 9,000 feet comes Arundinaria racemosa, the common gregarious small bamboo of Darjeeling; while above 8,000 feet we get the small variety of the same with 4. aristata and 4. Falconeri.. In the ¿hird sub-region, of Assam and Ше Khasia and Naga Hills, the low country is characterized by Bambusas such as В. Tulda, В. nutans, В. teres, В. pallida, B. khasiana, and В. Balcooa; with Gigantochloa macrostachya, Dendrocalamus Hookeri, D. Hamiltoni and D. longispathus, | Pseudostachywm polymorphum, Teinostachyum Grifithii and T. Dullooa, and Melocanna bambusoides; while the hills are remarkable for several species of Arundinaria such as A. elegans, A. polystachya, А. Grifithiana, A. callosa, А. khasiana, A. hirsuta, A. suberecta, and the interesting new species А. Prainii, A. Manni, and А. Rolloana.. То these may be added Phyllostachys bambusoides, Teinostachyum Helferi, and several species. of Cephalostachyum, the chief of which are C. capitatum and С. pergracile. Dendrocalamus. sikkimensis occurs in the Garo Hills, and in Sylhet Bambusa poly- morpha and Melocalamus compactiflorus may be found. Finally, the fourth sub- region of Chittagong and its Hill Tracts is noticeable for the dense growth of Melocanna. bambusoides covering the low hills with its culms which, being thrown up from suckers, speedily occupy every vacant space of ground. In the valleys and forests Bambusa Tulda, Teinostachyum Dullooa, Gigantochloa . macrostachya, endrocalamus longispathus, Melocalamus | compactiflorus and Dinochloa Ме Сеат: are the most remarkable kinds. Region (6), Burma, has so far Кон 42 species, е об Е 3 пати, but this is only a beginning, for new species are being discovered аз Upper Twin 18 explored, | and it may be noted that, during the printing of this work, the beautiful E. | _ #44, with the two described in appendix. INTRODUCTION. xiii Chinese Dendrocalamus latiflorus has been sent from the Shan Hills, and Mr. J. W. Oliver has added one more to his many discoveries in a very pretty new kind with striped anthers, which has been described as Bambusa Ойгетана. The most common bamboos of Burma are Myinwa (Dendrocalamus strictus), Tinwa (Cephalostachyum pergracile), Kyathoungwa (Bambusa polymorpha) and Wapyugale ( Oxytenanthera albociliata), “all these growing on rocky strata or on shallower “alluvium, while Kyakatwa (Bambusa arundinacea) is restricted to the plains in “deep alluvium near larger rivers” (Kurz—Preliminary Report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu.—Caleutta, 1875, p. 50). The largest species is the ac- climatized Dendrocalamus giganteus, of which magnificent plantations exist in various places, and notably near Myanoung on the Irawadi; but not far off come Dendro- calamus Drandisi, D. Hamiltonii, Gigantochoa macrostachya, Bambusa Tulda, B. бигтатса and B. polymorpha, Of Arundinaria, two species are found, both scarce. Of the new genus Zhyrsostachys, there are two species, both of which are beauti- ful kinds and valuable; of Oxytenanthera there are three species, and other genera are also’ represented. Region (7), MALAYA, with Lower Tenasserim and the Andamans, has so far been only incompletely explored. South Tenasserim is but little known, and only recently two beautiful species, Bambusa Binghami and Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus, have been received from the Maliwón forests near the Pakchan river, which may be the precursors of still more interesting kinds to follow. In the Andamans and Nicobars and adjacent islands only five species are во far known to exist; the most common is Dinochloa Tjangkorreh, a powerful climber, next come Omyfenanthera nigrociliata and Bambusa schizostachyoides, these being the only three which occur in the main islands. Dr. Prain has, however, discovered Bambusa lineata on Rutland Island, and Dendro- calamus strictus in Great Cocos. The Straits Settlements and the territories of the native princes in alliance with our Government contain many bamboos, and in this Malay region the most noticeable thing is the prevalence of species of the genera Gigantochloa and Schizostachyum. The most common species is probably Dendro- calamus flagellifer, which grows to a very large size, as does D. giganteus, which is here in its own home. Bambusa Wrayi forms forests on the hills of Perak, and the introduced Bambusa nana forms thickets on the hills. Thanks to Mr. Ridley of the Singapore Gardens, much information has already been obtained regarding the Malay bamboos; but there is no doubt but that much has yet to be learned, and that most of the common species of Java and Sumatra will yet be found to belong also to the Indo-Malayan flora. In this work are described from the Malay region 31 species, of which 29 indigenous and two naturalized. The uses to which bamboos are put have been so often described that there is little, if anything, more to be added regarding them. Бо far as possible, an account of the uses to which the different species have been put has been given under each; and further reference is invited to the writings mentioned already in referring to “ Tabashir" all of which contain much information. Besides them, too, Sir D. Brandis’ “Forest Flora of North-West and Central India,” xiv INTRODUCTION. Colonel Beddome's “Flora Sylvatiea of the Madras Presidency and Ceylon,” Mr. S. Kurz’s “Preliminary Forest Report of Реса,“ the “ Manual of Indian Timbers,” the “Special Catalogue of the exhibits of the Government of India and private exhibitors at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886," and other similar catalogues, the introductions to the monographs of Ruprecht and Munro, and various papers in the “Indian Forester," the Proceedings of the Agri-Horticultural Societies, and other Indian publications, afford information of value and importance. For those who have lived for some time in India, it is difficult to imagine how the country would get on without bamboos, for from bamboo—at any rate in all but the very driest regions to which it would be too far to carry them profitably—are made the houses, the furniture, the carts, the fittings of boats, the fences, the domestic utensils, ihe weapons: in short, almost all the objects of daily use, and the necessaries of daily life. Bamboos are also used as food, both by the people (grain and young shoots) and by their cattle (the leaves); as a material for making paper; as a means to procure fire; and in plantation, as ornaments to the villages and gardens. The propagation of bamboos is simple enough: it is best done by seed, but ean be done by taking voot-offsets, though in this case there is always a danger of the resulting clumps flowering when the parent clump flowers (we have seen this clearly in recent plantations at the base of the Saharanpur Siwaliks, North-Western Provinces), also by /ayers from branches bent to the ground and pegged down, and lastly by cuttings, though these latter are by no means easy to get to strike. The management of bamboo forest is easy if the clumps have been attended to from the beginning, ай is, if dry culms have been regularly removed, if cutting at or near ground level has alone been permitted, and if mature culms have been regularly thinned out yearly, so as to leave ample space for the development of new ones: but this state of things rarely exists in the natural forests, and especially in those їп which cutting is given over to contractors or allowed on permit. Consequently, to bring such forests into a state fit to give the best yield in material and revenue, the interference of the owner is necessary, and often some considerable capital expenditure. On this subject “The exploitation of bamboo forest, Ind. Forester XVII, 186,” may be consulted; the article refers to Northern India and chiefly to the common Dendrocalamus strictus, but the recommendations will also apply to most other useful kinds. In Burma, the majority of teak forests are composed of a main crop of bamboos, above the canopy of which appear the crowns of trees and especially teak, and it is only when a year of bamboo-seeding takes place that suppressed young teak can get a start or teak seedlings appear. So that it is necessary for forest officers to watch and see when indications of flowering are given, and be ready, after clearing off the dry crop of bamboos by fire, to restock as much as possible of the area, either by allowing natural teak seedlings to come on, or by sowing or planting artificially. The species which are in this way chiefly associated with teak are the ^ Myinwa” (Dendrocalamus strictus), .*'Tinwa" (Cephalostachyum pergracile), and “ Kyathaungwa” (Bambusa polymorpha).: | | fee INTRODUCTION. KV Soon after I commenced my career in India as a forest officer, my attention was very forcibly drawn to the difficulties which existed in recognizing in the forests, and especially in the great evergreen forests, the trees which were met with, and among them the various species of bamboo. The leaves of bamboos, and especially those of the bigger species, have such a very similar appearance, that either in the field or from dried leaf specimens, it is most difficult to say to which species any given example belongs. On individual clumps, too, the leaves may vary so greatly in size and shape, according to the part they are taken from, that one cannot always be sure of identification. In this way, I was led to examine closely, in the part of the country in which I was at work from 1872 onwards, such clumps as I met with, in order to see if I could not discover some better characters for certain identification which could be used by the forest staff. In 1872 I had made the acquaintance of the late Mr. Sulpiz Kurz, Curator of the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and found that he, too, was greatly interested in the same subject and was actually engaged in preparing an account of the Indian and Malay species, paying special attention to those characters which were likely to help the forest officers of Burma, in whose behalf he was engaged on his well- known and excellent “Forest Flora,” to enable them to distinguish between the many important kinds they came across daily. Mr. Kurz’s work on the bamboos began with the publication in January 1876, in vol. I of the then newly-established magazine, the “Indian Forester,” of a paper on “Bamboo and its use,” which admirable article is still probably the best general treatise on the subject: and was followed, in April of the same year, by an account of the species known to him to be found in the Indian Archipelago and Malaya, and which he had carefully studied in the о Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg in Java. Mr. Kurz’s intention had been to give next an account of the Indian species, but his sad death at Penang in December 1877 prevented this, though the materials he had collected, consisting of Herbarium specimens, drawings, notes and dissections, were left available, and have been fully utilized in the present work. So far as the Burmese species were concerned, his “Forest Flora of British Burma” had supplied all that was known at that time, but ci ia proper still remained. the m ч скара England on furlough, and while there I took the opportunity of carrying my own collections to Kew in order to compare them with the valuable set in the Royal Herbarium, with the intention of putting together in a short paper some notes on the best means of recognizing нуна ока га Fi especially Dr. George King of the Calcutta Garden, ad recommen me to do more, and their advice was so strongly repeated by Sir Joseph Hooker, K.C.S.L., the late, and Mr. W. H. Thiselton- е, CMG, C.LE., the present, Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, that I was induced to try my best to carry out their wishes. The result is the present work, which Dr. George King has so kindly assisted me to publish in the Annals of his great establishment. The list of those who have assisted me in the work is a long one, and I cannot too grate- fully acknowledge the kind way in which my friends have helped me. Besides xvi INTRODUCTION. having the valuable assistance of the Herbarium at Kew, the sets of bamboos from several other similar institutions were freely placed at my disposal Dr. С. King, the Director, and Dr. D. Prain, the Curator of the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden in Caleutta, not only allowed me the loan of the whole collection of that institution, but gave me constantly their advice and help in every way, Тһе Saharanpur collections were placed at my disposal by Mr, J. Е. Duthie, ва, the Director of the Botanical Department in Northern India. Those of the Madras Central Museum were lent to me by Mr. E. Thurston, the Superintendent; and those of the Ootacamund Garden by Mr, M. А. Lawson, Director of the Botanical Department in Southern India. Dr. H. Trimen, F.R.S., most kindly lent me the collections and drawings belonging to the Royal Gardens at Peradeniya in Ceylon, and assisted me further with much information. The collection belonging to the Garden at Singapore was placed at my disposal by the Director, Mr. H. N. Ridley, r.L.s, who also gave me sets of his more recent discoveries in Perak, Penang and Johore. It has sometimes been said that Indian forest officers did not do enough for the elucidation of the botany of the countries in which they are employed. So far as bamboos are concerned, the reproach must be cancelled most emphatically, for I have received from my brother officers in the Indian Forest Department the most signal assistance, and it is scarcely too much to say that without their kind help this work must have been a failure. From Assam, I received sets of nearly all the bamboos of the various districts, by the kindness of the Conservator, Mr. Gustav Mann, who himself collected or procured them, compared them himself, labelled and noted on them, giving the fullest particulars not only of their character- istics, but of their names and uses. For the Burmese bamboos I am chiefly indebted to Mr. J. W. Oliver, Conservator of the Eastern Circle of Upper Burma, whose magnificént collections have produced several new and valuable species. То Mr. P. J. Carter, Conservator in Pegu, Lieutenant-Colonel Bingham, Conservator in Tenasserim, and to Messrs. McHarg, Lowis, C. Ө. Rogers, Lane-Ryan, and others, I am also greatly indebted. For а set of bamboos collected in Sikkim I have to thank the late Mr. E. Fuchs, and for those of Orissa I have to acknowledge the aid of Babu Sree Dhur Chakravarti. For information regarding the bamboos of Bombay, І have chiefly to thank Mr. W. A. Talbot and Mr. В. C. Wroughton, Deputy Conservators; while. аб the instance of the Нопће A. T. Shuttleworth, Conservator of the Central Circle, sets from various districts were sent me by Messrs. Fagan, Wilkins, Osmaston, and Millett. Mr. T. Е. Bourdillon, Conservator of Forests in the Ттауапсоге State, has sent me much important material to supplement the valuable collections made by Sir D. Brandis in Tinnevelly. 22 Besides Forest Officers, I have to thank Mr. С. A. Gammie of the Govern- ment Cinchona Plantations in British Sikkim, for sets of bamboos collected by him on his tours in the Darjeeling hills; and Mr. С. В. Clarke, F.R.S., now President of the Linnean Society, for valuable sets of his collections in Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, and Manipur. In the correction of the proofs I have to acknowledge the INTRODUCTION. xvii assistance of Dr. С. King and Mr. J. Е. Duthie. Finally, I wish to express my thanks to Sir Dietrich Brandis, к.сл.в., late Inspector-General of Forests in India, for many valuable specimens and for notes and advice. Wherever possible, I have given the vernacular names recorded by previous writers or attached to the specimens received, while an index of these names will be of help to some of those who may consult the work, in tracing the species they desire to find. At the same time it must be remembered that vernacular names are often very unreliable, and that the same name may be given to two or more different species in different parts of the country. In regard to Ше plates attached to this work, it is well to record that the main drawings have all been done by native artists under my supervision, and chief among these artists was Mahomed Idrees, a student of the Madras School of Art, who worked under my supervision in Madras during 1888 to 1890. Тһе rest have been . done by draughtsmen attached to the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and one ог iwo by Mr. Hormusji, draughtsman of the Botanical Department, Saharanpur. Some of the plates, as noted in the description, are borrowed; but most of them are from actual specimens, and I have endeavoured to give, for each species, as far as possible— (1) the leaves and leaf-sheath, (2) Ше culm-sheaths, (3) the flowers and inflorescence, (4) dissections of the various parts. "These dissections are entirely my own work, and I hope, therefore, that I may be excused for their roughness in many instances. I regret that I found it impossible to draw the parts of these dissections fully to scale and to indicate their relative size, It would have taken far more time than I had available for the work. Axs. Вот. Вот. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. H. P.—Reg, No. 2868]—350—8-8-96. THE DA МЕ E Up. E: Z OF БЕЕН ENDIA, BY J. 8. GAMBLE, M.A., F.LS., Conservator of Forests, School Cirele, North-Western Provinces, and Director of the Imperial Forest School, Dehra Dun. BAMBUSE. ARBORESCENT or shrubby grasses, sometimes climbing. Culms jointed; nodes more or less prominent and bearing culm-sheaths of various shapes; iuternodes hollow, Leaves flat, usually linear or oblong-lanceolate; petiole short, articulated with a leaf-sheath which is variously auricled.. Inflorescence various, usually a large compound panicle with spicate branches, Spikelets 1- to many-flowered. · Empty glumes 1 to several, gradually enlarged upwards; the lower sometimes bearing imperfect flowers. Flowering glume usually similar to empty glumes. Раба usually large and 2-keeled, sometimes not keeled and convolute, occasionally wanting. .Lodicules usually 3, sometimes more, sometimes none. Stamens 3 or 6 or (in one genus) very many. Ovary globular or elongate, surmounted by the style which is sometimes undivided, but more usually cleft into 2 or 3 or rarely more stigmas. Fruit a caryopsis, with a thin crustaceous or fleshy pericarp adnate to or separable from the seed. Sub-tribe 1. Arundinariee.—Stamens usually 3, palea 2-keeled. Pericarp thin, adnate to the seed. Mostly small shrubby species, (pp. 1 to 28). Sub-tribe 2.. Eubambusec.—Stamens 6. Palea usually 2-Кеејед, Pericarp thin, adnate to the seed, Mostly large species, (pp. 28 to 77). Sub-tribe 3. Dendrocalamee.—Stamens 6. Palea 2-keeled. Регісагр fleshy or crustaceous, separable from the seed, (pp. 77 to 111). Sub-tribe 4, Melocanneee.—Stamens 6 or more, Spikelets 1-flowered. Palea none or similar to the flowering glume, Pericarp crustaceous or fleshy, separable from the seed, (pp. 111 to 128). : | Gub-tribe 7, —ARUNDINARIEA. Spikelets 1- to many-flowered, racemose or paniculate, empty glumes 1 to 2 . 1. Arundinaria. Spikelets 1- to 4-flowered, spicate, spikes bracteate, empty glumes 2-3 . . . 2. Phyllostachys. 1. Arundinaria, Michauz. Erect or climbing shrubs. Culms slender, rarely over 1 in. in diameter; nodes usually prominent, internodes rather short; branches fasciculate from the nodes, short. Culm- sheaths thin, papery, straw-coloured; imperfect blade narrow, subulate. ^ Leaves usually small, articulate on the sheath, many species bearing distinct regular transverse veinlets, Inflorescence variable, sometimes on separate culms, sometimes terminal on leafy culms, sometimes with leaf and flower branches intermixed, paniculate or racemose. Spikelets Ann. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 2 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. |. 1- to many-flowered, often long, compressed, the flowers usually all hermaphrodite except sometimes the terminal one, often enclosed in bracteate sheaths; empty glumes 2, membranous, unequal; flowering glume longer, concave, many-nerved, obtuse, acute or mucronate; palea usually shorter than the flowering glume, prominently 2-keeled, usually compressed. Lodicules 3, ovate or lanceolate, ciliate. Stamens 3, exceptionally up to 6, usually exserted, anthers generally blunt. Ovary globular above, often hairy; style short, early dividing into 2 or 3 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oval or narrowly oblong, smooth, furrowed on the back, when ripe included in the persistent glume and palea. Distrib.—About 47 to 50 known species, mostly Asiatic, from India, China, and Japan, but with about 5 North American (the chief being А. тастозретта, Michaux, of the Southern United States, and А. acuminata, Munro, from Mexico); 10 South American, and one from South Africa (А. tessellata, Munro) Іп Japan there are some five species, chief among which is the A. japonica, Sieb. and Zucc., which is cultivated in European gardens and in the Himalaya; and in China there are at least two (А. sinica, Hance, and A. Hindsii, Munro). Analysis of the species. Stamens 3, ereet shrubs. Braets of the infloreseence small. Inflorescence on leafy branches—Section I. Culm-nodes not bearing spines. Spikelets many, in large terminal panicles. ` Leaves large, thick, margins cartilaginous. . . . . . 1. A. Walkeriana. Leaves small, thin, margins membranous. Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, flowers blunt . . . . . 2. A. Wightiana. Spikelets 5- to 8-flowered, flowers acuminate . . . 8. A. floribunda. Spikelets few, in short panicles. | ‘Spikelets long, flowers distant. Leaves narrow, with transverse veinlets . . . . . 4. А. elegans. Leaves rather broad, without transverse yeinlets . . б. A. polystachya. eg short, flowers eee Е. бо ados. Spikelets racemose. | Е Spikelets 1-flowered, leaves very small . . . с... Te A imafia. Spikelets many-flowered, leaves moderately w . « « 8, A. racemosa. _ Culm-nodes with вршев, о Inflorescence terminal, glumes long, mucronate. . . . . . 9. A. Griffithiana. Inflorescence axillary, glumes blunt . . . . . | 10. А. callosa. ` Inflorescence on separate leafless eulms—Secrion II. Leaves with no transverse veinlets, flowers usually 2, fertile. Rachilla of upper flower glabrous or шау ge 1b Z ee "Rachilla of upper flower white, AME rd el. 135v 40 Җ khasiana, Leaves with transverse veinlets apparent when dry. Culms small, leaves — leaf-sheaths ciliate, flowers usually T 3 to 5 fertile , . . 13. А. intermedia, : Culms thicker, leaves аа nse, Mates M ciliate, ns flowers usually 1 fertile et eee 6 6 vs. V 14, As Hookeriana, | INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. | 5 Bracts of the inflorescence sheathing—Sxcrion III, 2222 Transverse veinlets conspicuous, bracts large. 4 Bracts narrow, enclosing 2 to З spikelets . . . . . . . . , 15. 4. spathiflora, : ‚ Bracts broad, enclosing 3 to 5 spikelets , ЧГ . 16. 4. aristata. Transverse veinlets inconspicuous, bracts short . . . . . . . . . 17. A. Fatconert, Stamens 6 or less, climbing shrubs—Secrios IV. ‚....... в“ . 18. Pree Species of which the flowers are not Жнокн. Culm-sheaths short, imperfect blade generally recurved. Leaves with conspicuous transverse veinlets, Culms from short rhizomes, cæspitose. Leaves very small, under 1 in. long . . . . ~ e = А. microphylla. Leaves moderate sized, up to 5 in. long. | Leaf sheaths with many cilie, hirsute. . . . . . . . . 20. A. hirsuta. Leaf-sheaths with few cilie, glabrous . . . . . . + + , 21, А. баа. Culms from elongated rhizomes, distant. | Leaves moderate sized. W. Himalaya. . . . . + . . . . 22. А. jaunsarensis. iMd NM ен. C x. а. Еліме; Leaves without transverse veinlets. | Leaves very narrow, branchlets short . . . . . . . + + . . » 24. Д. suberecta, Leaves narrow, papery, branchlets long, slender. . . . . . . . . 25, A. Кита, па very long, imperfect blade erect, very long . . . . . . . . . 26. A. Manni. Nore.—Nos. 19, 20, and 21 probably belong to section I; Nos, 24 and 25 to section II; Nos. 99 and 23 to section III, and No. 26 to section ТУ. SECTION I. 1. ARUNDINARIA WALKERIANA, Munro in Trans, Linn, Soc, xxvi. 91, го А shrubby bamboo with cæspitose stems. Culms small, 1 in. in diameter, upper part thickly covered with the sheaths of fallen leaves; internodes about 15 in. long, rather rough, striate. Culm-sheaths thin, papery. Leaves usually elliptic- or ovate-oblong, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, shortly pungent acuminate, rounded at the base ‘and cucullate just above the short "1 to "2 in. thick petiole, pale beneath, glabrous; margins cartilaginous, thickened and recurved, spinulose-serrate; 5 to 11 in. long, 1 to 15 in, broad; main yein narrow, shining, secondary veins 6 to 10 pairs, intermediate about 5 to 6; very numerous, prominent, regular, transverse veinlets, which are raised beneath; Jeaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, cut off straight at the mouth, which is furnished with minute се below the petiole and with a row of long pale bent bristles at the edge; ligule short. Inflorescence a large purple-red terminal compound panicle, rising from imbricated leafy branches, 6 to 12 in. long; branchlets filiform, striate, wavy, glabrous; lower axils glandular, upper with a few long hairs, at first closely pressed together, afterwards spreading, Spikelets purple, 6 to 77 in. long when young, up to l'in. when older, narrow, glabrous, 3- to 4-flowered, uppermost flowers usually empty; rachilla wiry, flattened, ciliate on the inner side and furnished with a ring of hairs at the swollen tip; empty glumes 2. 1. 10:2 in. long, nearly equal, the lower usually 3- and the upper 5- or more . Дум. Вот. Bor. Garp, CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. 4 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. nerved, angled, ciliate on the margins and apiculate; flowering glumes similar, but larger, with 2 prominent nerves and intermediate: finer ones; palea 2.keeled, ciliate on the keels, acute or bifid at the tip, about as'long as flowering glume. Lodicules 3, obtuse, fimbriate, 1 smaller, 8-nerved, nerves wavy. Stamens with short filaments and obtuse anthers. Ovary glabrous, style swollen at the base and soon divided into two feathery stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Beddome Flora Sylv. ссххх. | Ceylon, higher hills of the north-east system of mountains in the Central Province, where it was collected by Mrs. Walker and by Messrs. Watson, Thwaites, and Trimen. Also in the Pulney Hills in South India (Beddome, 1873). This handsome species is recognised by its purple panicles and large thick leaves with cartilaginous edges. Beddome's Pulney Hill specimens (leaves only) have the leaves longer and nàrrower thau those fróm Ceylon, but I consider them to belong to this species. 'Thwaites Мо, 3860 referred to this by Munro is, I consider, true A. Wightiana, This species.probably flowers frequently, but is known to have done so only in.1861 and 1888; . Prate No. 1.—Агипатата Walkeriana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower panicle—of natural. size; 3,. spikelet; 4 & 5, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicule;. 9, stamen; 10, ovary and. stigmas; 11, venation of leaf—enlarged. (All from Mrs, Walker’s specimens). 2. ARUNDINARIA WicHTIANA, Nees in Linnea ix. 482 (1834). An erect, gregarious shrub with slender culms arising from short branching rhizomes. Culms 6 to 10 feet high, occasionally higher, dark green, turning yellowish- brown with age; nodes swollen and with a hairy ring below them formed by the bases of fallen sheaths; internodes 10 to 14 in. long, usually flattened on one side, prominently striate when young, usually rough; branchlets many, verticillate from the nodes, either of leaves only or of leaves and flowers mixed. Culm-sheaths papery, straw- coloured, prominently striate, 4 to 8 in. long by 1 to 3 in. broad, slightly narrowed upwards, covered thickly at the base and less so above with stiff golden hairs arising from tubercular bases; imperfect blade wavy, narrow, subulate, 1 to 1% in. long by “1 to "9 in. broad, scabrid ; ligule short, truncate, fimbriate on the edge. Leaves of leaf- bearing branches 5 to 7 in. long by 75 to 1 in. broad, rounded or slightly narrowed at the base into a very short, somewhat swollen petiole, tip long acuminate, margins incurved; the edges seabrid; glabrous above, glaucescent beneath and usually glandular- pubescent оп Ше midrib; main veins hardly prominent above, shining below, secondary veins 5--Т pairs, intermediate usually 5, transverse veinlets numerous, regular, prominent raised beneath: those of flowering branches smaller, more rounded at the bise: leaf-sheaths striate, keeled, often' purple, sometimes covered with numerous strong о based strigose hairs, ciliate at the edges and furnished at the mouth with 5 to 8 lon stiff bristles ; ligule short, blunt, often dentate. Inflorescence in dense, leafy, бы spreading panicles, with capillary, flexuose branchlets, axils glandular. Spikelets on ig | PUR pedicels, 3- to | 5-flowered, purple, the uppermost flower usually sterile, glabrous or г. y | мы ; rachilla flattened, finely ciliate, thickened at top; empty glumes two, ovate acute, the lower 5- the upper T-nerved; flowering glume ovate, 9- to 11-nerved, often. scabrous-hispid outside; palea 2-cuspidate, 2-keeled, on the sides and l-nerved, with transverse nerves, between with transverse nerves, mucronate, . INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ ; GAMBLE. 5 the keels. Lodicules З; usually two obtuse larger, one acute smaller, ciliate, 3- to 7-nerved. Stamens with short. filaments, anthers brown, acute. Ovary glabrous, зе entire at the base, soon dividing into two plumose stigmas. Caryopsis elliptic, acute, 71 to "2 in. long, deeply furrowed on one side. Ruprecht Ват. 26, tab. ШІ, fig. 10; Munro in Trans, Linn, Soc, xxvi. 19. Beddome Flora Sylv. сеххх, Anal. Gen. t, 28; Brandis For. Flora 563; Steudel Syn. 335; Thwaites Enum, Plant. Zeyl. 444. Var. 8. HISPIDA, leaf-sheaths and stems thickly covered with golden hairs, from a bulbous Базе; internodes more prominently flattened on one side. А. ‘hispida, Steudel Syn. 335; A. moliniformis, Hochst. in Herb. Hohenacker No. 1282, | | Hills of South India and Ceylon, most common on the Nilgiris, where it covers the upper slopes of the hills above 6,000 feet chiefly as an underwood in ‘sholas’ of Eugenia, Michelia, Пер апа other trees. It is especially common on the sides of Doddabetta (8,600 feet) and in the Kundahs Range, where also var, 8 is found, chiefly оп the crest of the ghats from Sispara to Makurti. It has been collected by Wight, Hohenacker, and many others in Niigiris; by Beddome in Palghat and Tinnevelly; and by Thwaites on Pedrotallagalla in Ceylon at 8,000 feet (C. P. 3860). This very pretty species flowers annually, and being practically the only Nilgiri reed-like bamboo, is at once recognized in those hills. It is commonly used for mat-making and baskets, also for fences. Ррате No. 9.—Arundinaria Wightiana, Nees. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower . panicle; 3, node of culm—of natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced 3; 5, spikelet; 6 & 7, empty glumes; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, flower with glume and palea removed to show lodicules, ovary and stamens; 11, lodieules; 12, stamen; 13, caryopsis; 14, venation of leaf—enlarged (from fresh specimens gathered by myself). 3. ARUNDINARIA FLORIBUNDA, Thwaites Елит. Plant. Zeyl. 315. A small erect shrubby bamboo. Culms 2 to 5 ft. high; internodes 2 to 4 in. long, very hairy at top with retrorse hairs. Leares lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, spinulose-serrate on the edges, more or less attenuate into a very short petiole at the base, the petiole with two glands; main vein narrow, secondary veins 3 to 4 pairs with about 5-6. intermediate and many regular and conspicuous transverse veinlets ; leaf-sheaths striate, sometimes hispid with long hairs from tubercular bases, ending in а minutely ciliate membrane below the petiole and in short auricles furnished with 5 to 8 long twisted bristles; ligule short, often fimbriate. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle, the branches at first appressed, afterwards spreading, filiform, axils glandular. Spikelets usually 1 in. long, minutely silkily pubescent, 5- to 8-flowered, the uppermost empty ; rachis angular, dilated above, curved between the flowers and conspicuous; empty glumes 2, outer *1 to “2 in. long, acute, 3-nerved, ciliate at apex, inner similar but longer and more nerved ; flowering glume 3 in. long, acuminate, 7—9-nerved, ciliate at the apex ; palea as long, glabrous, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, bicuspidate. Lodicules 3, two broad, ovate, fimbriate ; the third small, narrow, fimbriate. Stamens with short filaments, anthers blunt. Ovary glabrous; style short, at once separating into 2 flat 6 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. lacerate stigmas. Curyopsis 79 in. long, red, linear, crowned with the base of the bifid style. Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 90; Beddome Flora Sylv. сеххх, Mountains of Ceylon. Collected by Thwaites іп Ше Maturatte District at 5,000 feet in 1853 (C. P. 2624). | This species is very near to А. Wightiana, but differs, according to Munro, in the generally appressed’ branches of the panicle and the much longer, almost silkily pubescent, spikelets containing sometimes 6 to 8 flowers. PLATE No. 3.—Arundinaria floribunda, Thw.-1, leaf-branch with young flowering panicle; 2, flowering branch—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5, empty glumes ; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicules; 9, stamen; 10, ovary and stigmas; 11, venation of leaf-—en/arged (all from Thwaites specimens). 4. ARUNDINARIA ELEGANS, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 248 (1873). An evergreen, slender, tufted, shrubby bamboo. Culms green or blackish, 12 to 20 ft. high, 73 to "8 in. in diameter, flattened on one side in alternate joints; nodes somewhat raised; internodes 7 to 9 in. long, smooth. Culm-sheaths one-third the length of the internodes, papery, striate, minutely hispid above, narrowed in the upper third to a truncate mouth bearing minute auricles; imperfect blade narrow, subulate, recurved ; ligule rather broad, finely ciliate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4 to 5 in. long by.:3 to '9 in. broad, narrowed at the base into a ‘1 to ‘2 in. petiole; smooth above, glaucescent beneath; cartilaginous and scabrous on the margins; main vein conspicuous, yellow, shining beneath, secondary veins 4 to 6 pairs, intermediate 8, transverse veinlets very many, raised beneath, finely tessellate; Jleaf-sheaths striate, smooth, ending in a minutely ciliate callus, and furnished with short auricles bearing a few long bristles; ligule very short. Inflorescence a terminal interrupted leafy panicle or raceme bearing pedicellate spikelets; rachis thin, wiry, curving, pubescent. Spikelets 1 in. or more long, flattened, 7- to 8-flowered ; rachilla visible, wiry, clavate; empty glumes 2, 2 in, long, 3- to 5-nerved, ovate-acuminate, keeled, ciliate on keel; flowering glume similar, 7-nerved with transverse veins; ‘раша shorter, 2-keeled, white ciliate on the keels, obovate, bifid at the apex, 2-nerved between keels, l-nerved on either side. ^ Lodicules 3, 3- to ӧ-пегүей, ovate, acute, long ciliate. Stamens hardly exserted, anthers purple, rounded or mucronate at the tip. Ovary smooth, oblong, surmounted by the style, which is at once divided into two white plumose stigmas with thickened bases. Caryopsis not known. Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 549. x he au: ида : Hills of Eastern Burma, extending from Tenasserim and the stunted forests of the Nattaung Hills in Martaban at 5,000 to 7,500 feet elevation, northwards into the Каса Hills of Assam. : 4 ы | This is the chief Burmese species and was collected by Kurz in. 1872, in the Nattaung Hills, in flower. Не also identified with it the specimens collected by Dr. J. Anderson at Poneshee on the Yunan. Expedition in 1868, and these agree with the collections of С. Gallatly made for the Calcutta Botanic Garden in Tenasserim in 1877 (No. 746, Taipo, 5,000 ісе); but both these have the leaflets in pairs, supported by loose skcaths and the culms markedly flat on one side, which would seem to bring them nearer to Phyllostachys.. I also identify as this species the Jilli (Naga) collected: by .INDIAN BAMBUSEE; GAMBLE. 7 James Rollo and Sri Сора! Banerjee in 1889 on the Naga Hills at 5,500 feet, whero it is used for the walls of native huts. PrarE No. 4.— Arundinaria elegans, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, flowering branchlets; 4, part of young culm—j/ natural size ; 9, culm-sheath—slightly reduced; 6, spikelet; 7 & 8, empty glumes; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea; 11, lodicule; 12, anther; 13, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged (from Kurz’ No. 144 from the Nattaung Hills). 5. ARUNDINARIA POLYSTACHYA, Kurz MS, А small shrubby bamboo. Culms rather soft. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves soft, green, 6 to 8 in, long, ‘7 to 1 in. broad, lanceolate, acuminate; rounded or attenuate at the base into a very short petiole; ending above in a twisted point; rough above, thinly white hairy or smooth beneath; scabrous on one edge; main vein rather broad, secondary veins 5 pairs, conspicuous, intermediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets none or very few, but lines of pellucid glands between the intermediate veins; /ea/-sheaths greenish-yellow, striate, glabrous, ending in a broad bifid callus, and produced upwards to met the Наше; ligule long, striate, blunt, fimbriate. njflorescence a terminal or axillary ‘racemose leafy panicle, bearing narrow papery bracts about 1 in. long; rachis channelled on one side. Spikelets pedicellate, *5 to ‘7 in. long, 4- to 6-flowered, the uppermost imperfect ; rachilla clavate, white-bearded, conspicuous; empty glumes 2, ovate acuminate, "9 to #3 in, long, 5- to 7-nerved, keeled and ciliate towards the tip; flowering glumes ovate, long acuminate, "4 to *5 in. long, 7—9-nerved, ciliate on the edges; paled longer than flowering glume, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, mucronate, bifid at apex, 1-nerved between and 1-пегуе4 on either side of the keels. Lodicules З, usually 2 ovate, obtuse, fimbriate, with 3. conspicuous areolate veins, and others smaller; the third ovate, acute, 3-veined, Stamens exserted ; anthers long, apiculate, filaments often flexuose. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style short and at once divided into two long plumose stigmas with thickened bases, -North-East Himalaya and Khasia Hills from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, collected by Kurz and T. Anderson in Sikkim, and by Griffith and G. Mann in the Khasia Hills. = ТЫ species is characterized by the large panicle, soft leaf, long ligule, and the absence ‘or fewness of the transverse veinlets. It flowered in 1868 and 1876. ^ Prare No. 5.—Arundinaria polystachya, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flowering branch— of natural size ; 9, spikelet; 4, flowering glume; 5, palea; 6, lodicules; 7, anther; 8, ovary and stigmas; 9, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (From Mann’s Khasia Hills specimen No. 254.) , . 6. ARUNDINARIA DEBILIS, Thwaites Enum. Plant. Zeyl, 375. A shrubby bamboo, apparently gregarious. Culms elongated, much branched, 2 to 8 in. in diameter; nodes rather enlarged ; internodes 2 to 6 in. long, glabrous at the "Фор or hispid with long hairs; the upper ones smooth, yellow, shining. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves small, linear-lanceolate, glaucous, 1:5 to 3 in. long, “2 to *3 in. broad, acute or sub-truncate at the base with a short "05 to 71 in. petiole ; very acute at the tip, and with С анов point; glabrous or hairy above, glabrous beneath; scabrous on one edge or both; main. vein thick айа prominent, secondary veins 2 to З pairs inconspicuous ; intermediate 5, transverse. veinlets few, distant, very inconspicuous, often wanting; 8 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. leaf-sheaths glabrous, striate, paleaceous, ending in a minutely ciliate callus, and furnished with a short auricle and a few (2 to 4) long pale bristles; ligule short. Inflorescence a terminal short leafy panicle with semi-verticilate, wiry branchlets; pedicels short, often obeuneate; rachis. angular, glandular in the axils. Spikelets "5 in. long, 3-flowered, glabrous or slightly pubescent, joints of the rachilla scabrous at the tip; empty glumes 2, the lower smaller, 5- to 7-nerved, ovate, mucronate; flowering glume longer but similar; palea bicuspidate, hirsute, ciliate at tip, keels not ciliate otherwise. Lodicules З, ovate, acute, ciliate, 3-nerved. Stamens not exserted, anthers bifid at apex. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, produced into.a short style which at once separates into two long purple stigmas beautifully plumose within. Munro in Trans, Linn, Soc. xxvi. 24; Beddome Flora Sylv. сеххх. C. P. No. 1. i | Ceylon at 60,000 to 8,000 feet, collected in the Central Provinces by Thwaites, also by Drs. Maxwell, Wight and G. Thomson. | | This plant is characterized by the small pointed leaves, short spikelets, long glumes, and slightly ciliate palea. Thwaites says it is used in Newera Ellia as а fodder for horses. Pirate Хо. 6.—Arundinaria debilis, Thw. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch —of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicule; 9, lodicules with stamens and stigmas; 10, anther; 11, ovary and stigmas; 12, transverse venation of leaf—en/arged. (All from Thwaites’ specimens C, P. 1.) 7. ARUNDINARIA DENSIFOLIA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 32. A small, densely gregarious shrub, 6 in. to 3 ft. high, with stiff,. strong, densely leafy branches arising from a thick rhizome covered with imbricating scales. Culms up to '3 in. in diameter, smooth; nodes not prominent; internodes 15 to 3 in. long, walls rather thick. Culm-sheaths 1 in. or more long, striate, hirsute, slightly attenuate to a truncate top bearing very small pointed auricles; imperfect blade short, ovate, rounded at base; branchlets fastigiate, short, 5 to 8 from each node. Leaves densely imbricate, thick, almost sessile, lanceolate, acute; rounded or cordate at the base, tapering upwards gradually into a sharply acuminate glabrous point, 1 to 1:5 in. long by “2 to "8 іп, broad, the edges broadly cartilaginous, finely spinulose-serrate; main vein prominent, thick, shining, secondary veins 1 to 2, inconspicuous, intermediate 4 to 5, transverse veinlets very numerous and regular; Jea/-sheaths striate and with whitish stiff hairs above, ciliate on the edges, slightly so at the top; ligule short, rounded, hairy. Inflorescence a dense panicle of leafy branchlets, bearing racemes with 5 to 6 spikelets, the rachis angled, strigosely hairy. Spikelets “4 to “5 in. long, 1-flowered, with a terminal free rachilla. or rudimentary flower; empty glumes 2, the lower short, narrow, lanceolate, acu- minate, the midrib scabrous ; the upper similar but broader, 5-nerved; flowering glume similar to but larger than the upper empty glume, 5-nerved, long mucronate, midrib conspicuous, scabrous; palea 2-keeled, scabrous on the keels, faintly l-veined on either side, bimucronate; rachilla between empty and flowering glume rounded, glabrous. | Lodicules obovate, obtuse, white, shortly fimbriate, faintly 3—5-nerved. Stamens not exserted ; anthers long, blunt, shortly apiculate. Ovary elliptic, glab branching into 2 feathery stigmas. Caryopsis mot веет. . South India and Ceylon: collected by Watson (No. 25); by С. Thomson in marshes on. Pedrotallagalla; by Dr. Maxwell; and by Trimen on Horton plains at rous; style short, soon INDIAN BAMBUSEÆ ; GAMBLE. 9 7,200 ft. in September 1890 in flower. Also by Beddome in 1873 on Anemudi Hill, Anamalais, at 8,500 ft. This is probably the smallest Indian species of bamboo, and it is characterized by the 1-flowered spikelets and short leathery imbrieate leaves. Since the discovery by Trimen of the flowers, Munro's suggestion of its relationship to А, Walkeriana no longer holds good. | Рілте No. 7.—Arundinaria densifolia, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch— natural size ; 3, culm-sheath—somewhat reduced; 4, raceme; 5, spikelet; 6 & 7, empty glumes; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea and imperfect terminal flower; 10, lodicule; 11, anther; 12, ovary and stigmas; 13, transverse venation of leaf— enlarged. (No. 1 from Thomson’s specimen C. P. 3956; the rest from Trimen’s specimens.) 8. ARUNDINARIA RACEMOSA, Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc, xxvi. 17. An erect, gregarious shrub, with culms arising from long rhizomes. Culms 5 to 15 ft. high, 7 to 1 in, and even 2 in. in diameter, bluish-green, glaucous when young; nodes marked by a ring; internodes 12 to 15 in. long, scabrous, rough above, walls thin; branchlets fascicled at the nodes, Culm-sheaths shorter than the internodes, usually 10 in. long, striate, covered with scattered black stiff hairs, ciliate at the edges, attenuate convexly at the top and truncate; imperfect blade 2 to 3 in. long, narrow, subulate, reflexed; ligule “1 to "2 in. long, fimbriate. Leaves linears lanceolate, 4 to 7 in. long, "5 to ‘7 in. broad; rounded or attenuate at the base into a short "1 in. petiole; ending above in а long setaceous point; glabrous above, sometimes with long hairs beneath, afterwards glabrous; scabrous-serrate on the edges; main vein yellowish, prominent; secondary veins 3 to 5 pairs; intermediate 5 to Т; transverse veinlets very numerous, regular, and conspicuous, raised beneath; leaf-sheaths straw-coloured, striate, sometimes hairy, ending in а somewhat ciliate membrane below the blade and bearing very short auricles with a few long stiff bristles ; ligule short, blunt. Inflorescence a simple terminal panicle of close leafy verticillate branchlets which are surrounded by the persistent sheaths of fallen leaves ; . rachis glabrous; pedicels wavy, angular, 1 to 19 in. long. Spikelets in short racemes, 1 to 15 in. long, 4- to 8-flowered, the uppermost flower imperfect; rachilla clavate, flattened at the tip, ciliate on the edges and hairy on the articulation below the flowers; empty glumes 2, very small acuminate, distant; flowering glume caudate- acuminate from a broad base, rough ciliate on the edges, point long scabrous, 7- to 9-nerved; palea shorter, bimucronate at the apex, ciliate on the keels, scabrous at tip, nerves none or scarcely visible. /ойісшев 3, short, obtuse or one acute, short, fimbriate. Stamens hardly exserted; anthers long, purple, bifid at top, filaments short. Ovary oblong-ovoid, rounded, glabrous, produced into a short style, which is divided above the base into 2 or 3 рарШове stigmas. Curyopsis *2 to °З іп. long, elliptic, acute, glabrous, furrowed on one side. North-East Himalaya in East Nepal and Sikkim from 6,000 to 12,000 feet: collectéd many times in leaf, but in flower only by Dr. T. Thomson in 1857, and by G. A. Gammie and collectors of the Calcutta Botanic Garden in 1887 to 1890 at 10,000 feet, below Suburkum and Phalut on the Singalela Range. This species is the common gregarious small bamboo of the Darjeeling upper forests, and it is there in universal employ as a fodder for cattle and ponies, especially Ann. Roy. Bor. баз». CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. 10 |. ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. in the rainy season. The culms are also largely used in mat-making, for the roofs of native houses, for fences, and for garden supports. It. is known аз Maling (Nepalese); Рфуешт, miknu (Lepcha); Pheong, mheem (Bhutia). Thomson gives also a Sikkim name, Pummoon,.and Hooker the name Pat-hioo with specimens collected at Yalloong in Eastern Nepal at 10,000 ft. It is rarely in flower, and out of flower is difficult to recognize, but the hairy sheaths, fimbriate sheath Пошев, and rough internodes may serve to identify it. | It grows to a comparatively large size in the forests below Tonglo ‘and about Senchal in Darjeeling, but in these lower forests it has apparently never been col- lected in flower; for allthe flowering branches seem to have come from the more or less stunted alpine form found above 10,000 feet. Тһе natives distinguish this Alpine form under the names miknu and теет, while the names pAyeum and pheong are given to the larger lower-level form. . | i In regard to the difference between these two forms, Mr. G. A. Gammie in his Report on his botanical tour of 1892 on Ше Sikkim-Tibet frontier, says—''It is “what Mr. Gamble named: A. Gammieana from specimens of the foliage only, but ‘haying since examined flowers he has discovered it to be A. racemosa, Munro, а * plant which, although so abundant round Darjeeling as to be almost exclusively “used as fodder for ponies, has never been known to flower there. Тһе Phalut * plant, which differs so much in size and appearance, having reddish stems with “ап average height of 3 feet, may of course owe its diminution to the more “rigorous climate of higher levels preventing its attaining to a normal growth.” . PrarE No. 8.—Arundinaria racemosa, Munro. 1, leaf-vranch; 2, flowering branch ; 3, culm—of natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced about one-third ; 5, spikelet; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicules; 9, lodicules with anthers, style and stigmas ; 10, anther; 11, ovary, style and stigmas; 12, caryopsis; 13, transverse venation of leaf; 14, leaf-sheath of low level form; 15, leaf-sheath of high level form—enlarged (Nos. 1, 3, 4, 14 from my own specimens, the rest from those of Calcutta Garden collectors.) 9, AnmuxpINARIA GRIFFITHIANA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 20. An erect, gregarious, thorny shrub. Culms 10 to 20 ft, high, 1 to 1°5 in. in diameter, olive-green; nodes prominent, bearing a circle of conical stout short spines ; internodes 7 to 9 in. long, striate, furrowed, covered. around the base of the node with a ring of tawny hairs. Culm-sheaths papery, striate, longer than the internodes, 6 to 9 in. long, 4 to 5 in, broad at base where they bear a belt of thick tawny soft hairs; gradually and somewhat convexly attenuate upwards to a breadth of about "3 in., the apex furnished with rounded auricles, back covered thinly with scattered, stiff, bulbous-based hairs, edges ciliate; «imperfect. blade 72 to 1:10. long, triangular, acute, hairy ; ligule short, hairy, slightly ciliate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, thin, 4 to 5 in. long, "4 to ‘5 in. broad, narrowed at the base into a *2 in. short petiole; tip ending in a long, setaceous, somewhat scabrous. point; smooth above, pale beneath, margins smooth; main vein pale, shining, conspicuous beneath, secondary veins 4 to 5 pairs, intermediate 4 to 5, transverse veinlets conspicuous, raised, straight; Jaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, ciliate -оп the edges, ending in a narrow ring with a few stiff curved bristles; ligule moderately broad, hairy without. Inflorescence. a terminal panicle, surrounded with sheathing Em INDIAN BAMBUSE.E; GAMBLE. 11 bracts, hairy at the base and ciliateon the edges, the spikelets іп verticillate clusters on thin, wavy, scabrous, hairy pedicels; rachis hairy, flattened оп one side. Spikelets 1 to 1:5 in. long, narrow, with 2 empty glumes and 4 to 6 flowers ; rachilla long, 2 to °З in., flattened, hairy, ciliate at the clavate top; етріу glumes 2, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, 5- to 7-nerved, scabrous, hairy оп the back ; flowering glume 9 in. long, lanceolate, long mucronate, scabrous, hairy above, 7-пегуед; palea nearly as long, bimucronate, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels. Lodicules 3, obovate, faintly nerved, long ciliate, one rather shorter and narrower. Stamens apparently not exserted; anthers emarginate, the connective not produced, but the cells crowned with a few very fine white hairs. Ovary linear-oblong, glabrous, with a very short style and 2 long plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known, Khasia and Jaintia Hills of Assam: collected by Griffith at Moflong in 1835; by Hooker in 1850; by C. B. Clarke at Sohra, 4,500 ft. in 1872; and by G. Mann on the Mangot river near Jowai, Jaintia Hills, at 3,500 ft. in 1889 and at Nungklaw, Khasia Hills, at 3,000 ft. in 1890. This species is distinguished from А. callosa, the other thorny species, by its quite. different inflorescence, smaller leaves and peculiar culm-sheath. The woolly nodes of the culms and branchlets and the hairs on the apices of the anthers are, however, the best general characters. As stated by Munro, it seems to have only once been collected in flower, namely, by the Assam Deputation under Wallich and Griffith for the examination of the tea plant. The Khasia name is Ahnap (С. Mann); but Mann’s Khasia specimen bears the name U-spar, which is also that of A, callosa. The culms are used for tying the thatch of native houses. | Ртлте No. 9.—Arundinaria Grifitiiana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, culm-sheath —of natural size; 4, spikelet; 5 & 6, empty glumes; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicules; 10, anther; 11, ovary and stigmas; 12, leaf-sheath; 13, trans- verse venation of leaf—enlarged. (No. 3 from Mann’s specimens; rest from Griffith’s, kindly lent by the. Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.) 10. ARUNDINARIA CALLOSA, Munro іп Trans. Lian, Soc. xxvi. 30. A shrubby thorny bamboo. Culms 12 to 20 ft. high, % to 1 in. in diameter, grey- ish-green, smooth, striate when young; nodes raised in a ring which is subtended by. the base of the fallen sheath fringed with soft brown hairs, and which is studded with short thick conical spines, the said spines breaking through the sheath when the latter is detached; internodes 6 to 10 in. long, nearly solid at base, the walls higher | up rather thin, (15 in. in thickness), Culm-sheaths as long as or longer than the internodes, loose, thin, striate, smooth, transversely veined, ciliate on the edges, gradually attenuate upwards from а softly hairy base to a 2 in. truncate tip; imperfect blade 5 to 1 in. long, subulate, hairy without and within, decurrent on the sheath in long-fringed short auricles; ligule *l. in., fimbriate. Leaves 8 to 9 in. long, * to 13 in. broad, oblong lanceolate, thin; somewhat unequally attenuate at base into a 1 to E in. long petiole. which 18 swollen at its base; ending above in a scabrous, acuminate point; finely glandular-scabrous above, especially . on the marginal veins, райе and pubescent beneath; scabrous-serrate on the edges; main vein prominent, shining, hairy on the upper. surface; secondary: veins 5 to 8 pairs conspicuous; intermediate 5 to 6; transverse Ann. Вот. Bor. Garp Carcurra, VoL. VII. 13 . ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. veinlets many, prominent, regular, raised beneath with many pellucid glands; Жај-зћеа striate, densely tawny-pubescent, at length glabrous, ciliate on the edges, ending in a shortly ciliate callus, and furnished with a few long stiff hairy curved bristles; ligule short, hairy, often fimbriate. Inflorescence a branched panicle ending in a leafy branchlet, the nodes of the panicle subtended by sheathing papery bracts; rachis striate, flattened on one side and bearing a.vertical line of close pubescence, the end joints hairy, slender, clavate. Spikelets 2 {о 8 in. long, subtended by straw-coloured glabrous narrow bracts; rachille very prominent, about :2 in. long, curved, flattened, glabrous; flowers 6 to 12; empty glumes 2, short, glabrous, ovate-acute, 1- to 3-nerved; flowering glume ovate, acute, mucronate, ciliate at apex, 3- to 7-nerved; pales acute, 2-keeled, thickly pubescent, keels ciliate. odicules 3, ovate, faintly nerved,. fimbriate, one smaller. Stamens slightly exserted, anthers short, blunt. Ovary ovate, glabrous; style short, speedily dividing into 2 shortly plumose stigmas, Caryopsis not known. Eastern Himalaya and Khasia Hills in Assam, up to 6,500 feet; collected in 1850 by Hooker at Moflong and Myrung, 6,000 feet; by.C. B. Clarke, in flower, in Shillong -ood (No. 37431), in March 1885; by С. Mann at Shillong peak in 1873 and at Myrung іп 1890; and by J. L. Lister in 1875 ш Ше Duphla Hills at Shergarh 6,800 feet and Singook 4,500 feet. | This species is easily distinguished from all others, except А. Grifithiana, by its spinous nodes, and ош that species by the different inflorescence, longer and broader leaves, and less hairy and .thinner sheaths. It grows in open clumps in evergreen forests, and is. used for tying on the thatch of native houses. Hooker gives Ше Khasia name Uskong, while G, Mann gives those of U-spar, spar. For the flowers, which were unknown when Munro wrote, we are indebted to С. B. Clarke. Listers specimens show excellently the characters of the culms and culm-sheaths. Prarg No. 10.— Атипатата caliosa, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, part of culm—natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced 1; 5, leaf-sheath; 6, spikelet; 7, empty glumes; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, lodicules; 11, flower, with glume and palea removed; 12, anther; 13, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse venation of leat—enlurged. (Nos. 3 and 4 from С. Mann's; the rest from C. B. Clarke's specimens.) SECTION П. 11. ARUNDINARIA FALCATA, Nees in Linnea ix. 478 (1834). А gregarious shrub with annual culms from a central rootstock. Culms 6 to 10 ft. high, *3 to *6 in. in diameter, smooth, cylindric, green at first, and sometimes white pruinose; nodes much swollen, glabrous or hirsute; internodes 6 to 12 inches long, smooth, walls thin; branchlets from the nodes fasciculate, very numerous, slender, geniculate at the joints; flowering and leaf-bearing branches on different culms, Culm-sheaths papery, straw-coloured, striate, as long as or longer than the internodes, often 12 in. long and 3 in. broad at the base, glabrous above, ` minutely scab- rous, hairy beneath in the upper half; ciliate on the edges; gradually and con- cavely attenuate upwards in the upper two-thirds to a narrow, truncate, ciliate, "1 to '2 in. broad tip; imperfect blade "5 to 2 in. long, “1 in. broad, subulate, recurved; ligule elongate, often 5 in. long, dentate. Leaves usually З to 4 in. long and :2 to '3 in. broad; exceptionally (on young shoots) up to 12 in. long and 1 in, in INDIAN BAMBUSEJE ; GAMBLE. 13 breadth, linear; attenuate at the base into a short, less than "1 in. long, petiole; tapering above into a long setaceous twisted point; scabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath when young, afterwards glabrous or with scattered soft long hairs near the midrib, scabrous on the edges; main vein prominent, secondary veins 2 to 7 pairs, pale; inter- _ mediate 5 to 7; transverse veinlets none, but many pellucid glands, some of which give the appearance of transverse veinlets when dry; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, ending in a minutely. hairy ring below the petiole, and produced upwards on either side to meet the ligule; Пуше long, membranous, dentate ог lacerate. Inflorescence on leafless separate culms, consisting of paniculate faleate racemes fascicled at the nodes, and subtended by short linear or lanceolate membranous bracts. Spikelets *ó to ‘7 in. long, bearing 2 empty glumes, then 1 to 2 fertile flowers, then a terminal rudimentary flower or free rachilla; rachillee cuneate, hairy at the top; empty glumes 2, pale, the lower ‘3 in. long 3- to 5-nerved, the upper 4 in. long 7- to 9-nerved, acute, ciliate at tip; flowering glume *5 in. long, sub-acute, mucronate, scabrous, 7- to 9-nerved, ciliate at tip; palea as long as or rather longer than flowering glume, bifid, 2-keeled, 2-nerved on either side of keels, keel ciliate at tip, margins of both flowering glume and palea often black, Lodicules ovate or obovate, one rather narrower, hyaline, somewhat swollen at base, 3-veined, fimbriate on the margins. Stamens at first hardly exserted, later protruding; anthers bifid at the tip, the filaments sometimes flattened. Ovary glabrous, linear- oblong, attenuate into a short st, which is speedily divided into 2 plumose stigmas. — Caryopsis linear, *5 in. long, furrowed on one side, surmounted by the base of the bifid style. Ruprecht Bamb. 25, tab. ii. 8; Steudel Syn. 335; Munro in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxvi. 26; Brandis For, Flora 562, Ind. Forester xii, 206. А. INTERRUPTA, Trin. іп Mem. Acad. Pelersb. Ser. vi. iii. ii. (1835) 620. А. urus, Cleghorn in Јошт, Agr. Soc. of India xii. 388 (1865) (7) Vara. typica, spikelets distant, іп falcate filiform racemes. „ B. glomerata, spikelets collected in groups of 3 to 4 together, in close racemes or panicles, North-Western Himalaya, from the Ravi to Nepal, ascending from 4,000 feet to 19,000 feet, but rarely found over 7,000 feet, gathered by numerous collectors. This is the well-known low level ringal of the North-Western Himalaya, always found in the undergrowth of forests of white oak (Quercus incana), firs and mixed trees in more or less shady places, usually on northern slopes or in ravines, It has been frequently found in flower, and though, as happened in 1879, years of general seeding are of occasional occurrence, a few clumps may be found in flower in almost any year. Brandis (Ind. Forester xii. 206) gives Chakrata 6,000 ft. in 1881; Manglad Valley 6,000 ft., 1881; Jaunsar 1878; Kulu 1876; and A. F. Broun (Ind. Forester хіі. 414) gives Jaunsar 1886. Brandis says that “two kinds аге « generally distinguished, one growing at lower elevations (up to 7,000 ft.) thinner, * with solid or nearly solid culms and narrow leaves; the other growing between 8,000 “and 12,000 ft. with shorter, thicker and hollow culms and :broader leaves, the * foliage more feathery;" but in his paper in the “ Transactions of the Royal Society of « New South Wales reprinted in Jnd. Forester xii. 204," he seems to explain that the higher level one is A. spathiflora, Trin. for he has never seen A, falcata above 7,000 f. Не gives many vernacular names, the chief of which are Дуа! and Ringal. 14 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. The culms ‘are exported in considerable quantities to the plains, along with those of other species, to make hooka-tubes, fishing rods, &c., and in the hills they are used for basket work. This species is cultivated in Europe. It is recognized at once from А. spathiflora by the absence of transverse veinlets, and from its neighbour „А. khasiana by the rather larger spikelets, loose inflorescence and generally narrower leaves. Nees describes the stigmas as 3, Ruprecht says ‘2 108, while Munro admits only 2. I can only find 2, but otherwise the identification seems good. I think it is doubtful whether the A. иййз of Dr. H. Cleghorn’s “Notes on the vegetation of the Sutlej Valley? in the Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, vol. xiii, p. 388, is this species. There is no description, and though Munro and Brandis have quoted it in their list of synonyms, the ‘hill bamboo, at ‘9,000 feet, used for wicker work and for lining the roofs of houses? is just as likely to have been А. spathiflora. Prate No. 11.—Arundinaria falcata, Nees. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flowering branch; 3, rhizome and culm; 5, leaf from end of strong young shoot—naíural size; 4, culm- sheath—reduced 1; 6 & 7, spikelets; 8 & 9, empty glumes; 10, flowering glume; 11, palea; 12, rudimentary flower on terminal rachilla; 13, lodicule; 14, anther; 15, ovary and stigmas; 16, caryopsis; 17, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (Nos. 4, 5 from my own collecting; rest from a specimen in the Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, bearing Munro's identification. ) | Рглтв No. 12.—Улв. glomerata. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flowering culm— natural size (from specimens collected by C. Bagshawe, Deputy Conservator of Forests, in 1879). 12. ARUNDINARIA KHASIANA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 98. A thick, bushy shrub. Culms 8 to 12 ft. long, 5 in. in diameter, smooth, dark green or almost black; nodes prominent; internodes 6 to 8 in. long; branchlets very many from the nodes, geniculate, dark-coloured, leaf- and flower-bearing culms separate. Cuim-sheaths papery, straw-coloured, 6 to 9 in. long. by 15 to 2 in. broad at base, striate, smooth, upper part with transverse veinlets, upper half tapering gradually and concavely upwards to a narrow tip; imperfect blade narrower than apex of sheath, subulate, recurved, 1 in. long; ligule 2 to 3 in. long, subulate, dentate or laceraté. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in. long by about '8 in. broad; attenuate at Ше base into а short petiole; acuminate with а twisted setaceous point; smooth: on both sides, or sometimes slightly pubescent beneath;. scabrous on both edges; main vein prominent, secondary veins 2 to 3 pairs, with no, or very few transverse ' veinlets, but many pellucid dots; Jeaf-sheaths thin, striate, ending in Я minutely | ciliate callus and slightly produced to meet the ligule; ligule rather long. Inflorescence · оп separate leafless culms, consisting of faleate, branching, geniculate panicles, , fascicled . at the nodes and subtended by membranous, short, ovate bracts. Spikelets ‘4 to 9 in. long, bearing 2 empty glumes, and usually 2 to 3 flowers with E terminal free rachilla or imperfect flower; rachis of spikelet clavate, white hairy above; етріу glumes 2, short, the lower 3-, the upper 5- to 7-nerved, short] mucronate and ciliate at the. tip and’ on the margins below it; пера gl 4 similar, but longer. and sti metimes minu За «Тіке + ger stiffer, sometimes minutely. scabrous-pubescent; palea longer than the. flowering glume, 2-keeled, glabrous except the ciliate tip, acute or bifid, INDIAN BAMBUSEJE; GAMBLE. 15 l-nerved on either side of the keels. Lodicules 3, ovate, obtuse, or one acute, firnbriate, 3- to 7-пегуед, nerves brown, Stamens exserted, filaments somewhat flattened, anthers blunt at the apex. Ovary glabrous, elliptic, surmounted by а thickened s at once separating into two plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Khasia Hills in Assam at about 5,000 to 6,000 ft. Collected at Shillong by Griffith (No. 1058); at Churra and other places by Hooker in 1850; Dy Masters; and by G. Mann in 1889. It is most difficult to separate this from A. falcata; but, as Munro remarks, it has a different look, and it is a plant of a stiffer and stronger general growth. After examining a large number of specimens of both species, I have come to the conclusion that the whole of the Assam material belongs to this species and that А. falcata is confined to the Western Himalaya. А. khasiana has а more dense and inbricated panicle, shorter flowers and а hairy rachis to the spikelet; the character of the hairs beneath the leaf given by Munro as belonging to .A. falcata does not entirely hold good. It is known as Мата) in the Khasia Hills according to Hooker and G. Mann. Pirate Хо.. 13.— Arundinaria khasiana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, leaf-sheath—natural size; 4, 'culm-sheath—reduced to 1; 5, part of panicle; 6, spikelet; 7 & 8, empty glumes; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea and imperfect flower; 11, lodicules ; 12, anther; 13, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse venation of leaf—en/arged. (АП from Griffith's specimens, except No. 4 which is from those of С. Mann.) 13. ARUNDINARIA INTERMEDIA, Munro im Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 28, A thin, cæspitose, gregarious shrub. Cu/ms smooth, greyish-green, 8 to 12 ft. high, *4 to "5 in, in diameter; nodes swollen, with a prominent ring and a whitish line below them; internodes 5 to 10 in. long, walls 71 to ‘2 in. thick; branches many from the nodes. Culm-sheaths glabrous, papery, strongly striate, 8 to 10 in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad at the base, tapering evenly in the upper third to a truncate tip “1 to ‘2 in. broad, ciliate below the blade and produced beyond it to meet the ligule; imperfect blade narrow, subulate, 5 to 2 in. long, recurved; ligule up to 2 in. long, blunt. Leaves bright green, very variable, from 8 in. long and 1 in. broad in young shoots to З to 4 in. long and 5 in. broad in the slender branchlets from the nodes, .linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate ; attenuate at the base into a short swollen petiole about 71 in. long; acuminate above іп а setaceous point; scabrous above and on both margins, pale and smooth or hairy near the midrib beneath; main vein prominent, shining beneath, secondary veins 3 to 7 on either side; intermediate 6 to 7; transverse veinlets few, distant, with few pellucid glands between; Jeaf-sheaths striate. glabrous or with scattered long stiff hairs above, ending in a thickened minutely ciliate callus below the petiole and produced at the side into faleate auricles bordered with curving stiff deciduous bristles; //gule elongate, obtuse or triangular. Inflorescence on leafless stems consisting of racemose panicles verticillate from the nodes and. of variable length, subtended by membranous bracts ; rachis smooth, dark, with small triangular bracts below and sometimes a tuft of hair above at the axils. Spikelets “5 to 1 im. long, yellow or purplish, with 2 empty glumes, 3 to 5 flowers and а terminal free rachilla or. imperfect flower; rachillæ between the flowers clavate, 16 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. compressed, long ciliate above; empty glumes 2, pale, ovate, membranous, the lower 3- to 5-, the upper 7- to 9-nerved, blunt or acute, ciliate at tip; flowering glume similar but shortly mucronate, nerves 7 to 9, conspicuous, often minutely scabrous on the back; palea longer than flowering glume, bi-mucronate, 2-keeled, ciliate on Ше keels, 2-nerved between, 1-пегуе4 on either side of them. Lodicules З, ovate, ot various sizes, fimbriate, thickened and 3- to 7-nerved at base. Stamens slightly exserted ; anthers blunt or very slightly pointed at the apex. Ovary linear-oblong, glabrous, ending іп a short style, divided near the base into two plumose stigmas. Caryopsis short, oblong, swollen in the middle and furrowed in front, tipped with the persistent base of the style. | | f Eastern Himalaya: lower hills of Sikkim up to 7,000 Н., chiefly on dry ridges, as on those above Sivoke: collected in flower by Hooker in 1848; by Т. Anderson in 1868; and by myself in 1879; also in leaf by Kurz at Goke, 4,000 ft.; by T. Thomson and G. A. Gammie. Cultivated in Caleutta, the Nilgiris, and elsewhere. This species 15 not easy to recognize from the flowers, but it usually has 4 or 5 fertile flowers, while A. falata and А. khasiana have rarely more. than 2. Тһе beautifully long ciliate leaf-sheath is, however, an excellent character. It із called Nigala, titi nigala (Nepalese), Parmiok (Lepcha), and the culms are strong and make fishing rods, baskets, mats, etc. It is an excellent hedging plant. Puate No. 14.—Arundinaria intermedia, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, flowering branches—of natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced to 3; 5, leaf-sheath; 6, spikelet; 7 & 8, empty glumes; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea and imperfect flower; 11, lodicule; 12, anther; 18, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (All from Hookers specimens, except No. 4 from my own.) 14. AnüNDINARIA Hooxertana, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 29. A handsome, rather tall, cxspitose bamboo. Culms 15 to 20 feet high, slender, glaucous-green with whitish scurf when young; when older with a dark bluish ring at the top of each internode, often striated green and yellow; ‘7 to 15 in. in diameter; nodes not much swollen, but prominently ringed by the persistent base of the sheath; internodes to 8 in. long, fistular, walls thin, (1 in. in thickness); branchlets chiefly from the upper nodes, short, those bearing leaves and flowers respectively on different culms. Culm-sheaths papery, striate, often 12 to 24 in. long and 3 to 6 in. broad at base, concavely attenuate upwards in the upper half to a truncate point below the imperfect blade and produced on either side beyond it to a point to meet the ligule; imperfect blade linear, “2 to :3 in. broad, 3 to 6 in. long; ligule 71 to 2 in. long, dentate or lacerate, depressed in the middle, curved upwards at the edges. Leaves linear- to oblong-lanceolate, glaucous-green when young, 6 to 12 in. long by “5 to 1:5 in. broad; attenuate at the base into a 71 to "2 in. long petiole; acuminate in a scabrous setaceons point; somewhat rough above, pale and glabrous beneath except for a few white hairs round the midrib at the base; margins scabrous; main vein prominent beneath, shining; secondary veins 4 to 8. pairs; intermediate 5 to 7, по proper trans- verse veinlets, but many pellueid glands giving the appearance of oblique transverse veinlets on the under surface when dry; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous but minutely ciliate at the edges, ending in a broad callus and thin membrane without bristles; ligule long, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE, 17 conspicuous, often of dark colour and pointed. Inflorescence of loose, falcate, racemose panicles fascicled at the nodes of a leafless culm, bracteate at base; rachis dark, sinooth, rounded, geniculate, ultimate branchlets filiform, wavy. Spikelets about :35 in. long, pedieellate, drooping, with 2 empty glumes, | fertile flower and a termina] free rachilla or imperfect flower, hard, somewhat scabrous; empty glumes 2, oblong, thin, membranous, the lower about 1 in., the upper about 2 in. long; the lower 3-nerved, hairy at tip, the upper 5-пегуед, mucronate; flowering glume large, hard, broadly ovate, involute, angled, with 3 prominent nerves, scabrous between them; palea thick, 2-keeled, glabrous, its tip somewhat prolonged, hirsute. Lodicules 3, thickened at base and coloured, obovate, acute or rounded, thin, fimbriate, 3—5-nerved. Stumens exserted, anthers sub-acute. Ovary ellipsoid glabrous, surmounted by a short style, early dividing into 2 rather short plumose stigmas, Caryopsis elliptic, *3 in. long, dark, smooth, tipped with the pointed base of the style. Eastern Himalaya in Sikkim and Bhutan: collected by Hooker at Yoksun, 4,000 to 6,800 ft. in 1848; again in flower by R. Pantling, of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, at Choongthang, 5,600 ft., іп 1885; and by С. A. Gammie in the Gheet Valley, British Bhutan, 6,000 ft., in 1892. This is a very pretty species which ought to be cultivated, and should thrive well in places in Europe which are sheltered from frost. It is known as Singhani (Nepalese) ; Prong (Lepcha). The large leaves, bluish thin-walled culms and spikelets with I flower distinguish it easily. Pirate No. 15.—Arundinaria Hookeriana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, node of culm—natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced to 4; 5, imperfect blade and ligule of culm-sheath, under surface—natural size; 6, leaf-sheath and ligule; 7, spikelet; 8 & 9; empty glumes; 10, flowering glume; 11, palea and stamens with imperfect flower; 12, lodicules and ovary with stigmas; 13, caryopsis—enlarged, (Nos. 3, 4, from my own specimens, No. 5 from Mr. С. A. Gammie’s, the rest from Mr. В. Pantling’s). SECTION III. 15, ARUNDINARIA SPATHIFLORA, Trin. in Мет. Acad. Petersb. Ser. vi. їі, ii (1835), 617. _А gregarious, cespitose, shrubby bamboo. Culms 12 to 20 feet high, “5 to “8 in. in diameter, smooth, glaucous-green with white scurf at first, afterwards turning yellow and even reddish-brown, upper joints darker coloured ; nodes prominent, but not much raised, marked by a whitish ring; internodes 6 to 15 in. long; branchlets chiefly from upper nodes, much jointed and bearing straw-coloured sheaths at the joints, Culm-sheaths loose, glabrous, coriaceous, straw-coloured, striate without, very smooth within, ciliate on the margins, the edges parallel till near the top, where they are slightly narrowed convexly into a truncately rounded mouth “5 to 7 in. broad and with a few stiff bristles; imperfect blade 2 to 4 im. long by about "3 in. broad, subulate, erect, decurrent on the sheath; ligule "1 in. broad, fimbriate. Leaves clustered in groups of 2 to 4 at the ends of short-jointed branchlets which bear loose, narrow, yellow sheaths, 3 to 5 in. long, 4 to :6 in. broad, linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base into a 1 to 2 in. long petiole; ending above in an acute hairy point; smooth on both surfaces, sometimes slightly hairy below, scabrous on both margins; main vein narrow, not prominent, secondary veins 3 to 5 pairs, intermediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets very prominent and regularly tessellate, raised beneath, sometimes oblique; leaf-sheaths 10080, 2-3 in. Ann. Вот. Вот. Garp. Catcurra, Vor. VII. 18 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC. GARDEN, CALCUTTA. long, straw-coloured, striate, ciliate on one edge, truncate at top in а narrow eiliate callus and bearing short auricles furnished with few long purple bristles ; ligule long, dark-coloured, ciliate. Zm/forescenee usually on separate leafless culms, but sometimes with flowers and leaves intermixed, branches many, fascicled, drooping, paniculately racemose ; rachis very slender, much jointed, bearing at the joints papery, straw-coloured, narrow (9 to 3 іш) sheaths 15 to 3 in. long, truncate or ending in a small leafy, subulate, imperfect blade, which enclose 2 to 3 pedicellate (or one sessile) spikelets. Spikelets loose, compressed, 1 to 22 in. long, bearing 2 empty glumes and 4 to 8 fertile (or the last imperfect) flowers; rachille long-clavate, white—hairy at tip; empty glumes 2, linear-lanceolate; one rather blunt, short, the other long, mucronate, membranous, striate, glabrous; flowering glumes ovate, long-acuminate, mucronate, "6 to 1 in. long, scabrous, striate; palea much shorter than flowering glume, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, sometimes bifid, l- to 2-nerved outside, l-nerved between the keels. Lodicules 8, ovate-faleate or ovate-acute, 3—5-nerved, fimbriate. Stamens long exserted, anthers blunt. Ovary glabrous, ovoid, elongate, surmounted by а short style which at once divides into 3 long, plumose, recurved stigmas. | Caryopsis linear-oblong, glabrous, farrowed on the back. Species Graminum iii. tab. 350; Ruprecht Ватб. 24, tab. ii. fig. 5; Steudel Syn. 334; Brandis т Ind. Forester хи. 206. А. procera, Wall. MS. in Herb. Mus. Brit., fide Munro. THAMNOCALAMUS SPATHIFLORUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 34- Brandis For. Flora 563. “ Genus novum Bambuse affine,” Wall. Cat. 5041, “ Вамвоза macro—,” Wall. MS. in Herb. Kew.. ERU ME Mountains of the North-West Himalaya from the Sutlej to Nepal, above 7,000 feet, first collected in flower by Wallich in 1821, and since then by Brandis in 1879 (2), by W. R. Fisher in Jaunsar in 1882, and by myself at Deoban, 9,000 ft., in 1892, and on Kedarkanta in Tehri-Garhwal, 9,000 ft., in 1893. | This is the common high level ringal of the North-West Himalaya, common in the undergrowth of the deodar and fir forests in moist localities, It usually flowers gregariously as it did in 1882 (see А. Е. Broun in Ind. Forester, vol. xii. p. 414, fig. 1) the seedlings from which flowering are now (1893) growing up. But isolated old. lowering clumps. may ђе occasionally .met with, such as those Г found in 1892 and 1893. It is at once distinguished from A. fulcata by its prominent transverse veinlets; from A. jaunsarensis by its short rhizomes and cespitose growth; and from А. aristata, (to which I refer all the Eastern Himalayan specimens hitherto assigned to this, and which is very nearly allied to it,) by the narrower bracts with fewer spikelets, the absence of a hairy callus to the leaf-sheath, and other minor points. The culms are used for pipe-stems, basket-work, pea-sticks and other purposes. | Prats No. 16.— Arundinaria spathiflora, Trin. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, part of young shoot with eulm-sheath —natural sizes 4, culm-sheath—reduced to 1; 5, leat-sheath—much enlarged; 6, spikelet and bract; 7 & 8, empty glumes; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea; 11, lodicules; 12, anther; 13, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse. vena- tion of leaf—enlarged. (Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, from my own specimens, rest from Wallich’s Nepal specimen.) . | | | f 16. ARUNDINARIA ARISTATA, n. sp. Gamble, i. gregarious cæspitose shrub.: Culms strong, glaucous-green and white-scurfy at first, afterwards a shining yellow, 8 to 12 ft. high by '5 to *6 in. in diameter; nodes INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 19 not much swollen, but prominent on account of the persistent cup-like base of the fallen sheath; internodes 8 to 12 in. long, walls hard, over 71 in. in thickness; branchlets very many from the nodes, either all flowering and all leaf-bearing, or bearing both flowers and leaves together, joints short, reddish in colour, nodes prominent, bearing straw-coloured loose dry sheaths, Culm-sheaths 6 to 8 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in, broad at base, gradually attenuate upwards convexly to a :3 in. broad truncate point which is slightly ciliate; base with a thick ring of soft hairs, back sparsely covered with long bristles with bulbous bases; imperfect blade 1 to 15 іп, long, “1 to "2 іп, broad, subulate, hardly decurrent; ligule short, minutely pubescent. Leaves in terminal sets of 2 to 3, оп much-jointed, loose-sheathed, purple branchlets, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base into a 2 in. long glandular petiole, ending above in a twisted setaceous point; glabrous but roughish on both surfaces, or faintly hairy beneath, scabrous on one edge; main vein narrow, shining, carried into the petiole, secondary veins 3 to 5 pairs, intermediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets very prominent and regularly tessellate; leaf-sheaths loose, striate, 2 to 3 in. long, keeled, ending each side in a thickened shaggy callus below the petiole, and produced upwards at the margin to meet the ligule, and then bearing а few (6—8) long stiff purple bristles; ligule long, acute. or truncate. Inflorescence of many paniculate racemes clustered at the nodes of the culm, the joints of the branchlets bearing a large spathaceous bract enclosing 3 to 5 spikelets with short pedicels; rachis smooth, slender, jointed; bract 15 to 2 in. long and “4 to 5 in. broad, reddish-brown or yellowish, ending in a fimbriate mouth and bearing a leaf like imperfect blade. Spikelets 1 to 2 in. long with 2 empty glumes and 4 to 8 fertile flowers, compressed; rachille clavate, curved, minutely white ciliate below the joint; empty glumes 2, pale, membranous, oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, mucronate, keeled, 5—7-nerved, glabrous; flowering glumes ovate, long acuminate, dark- coloured, scabrous-hirsute, prominently 9-nerved; pala nearly as long as flowering glumes, 2-keeled, minutely ciliate on the keels, ovate acuminate, usually bimucronate, scabrous, 2-nerved between and 2-nerved on either side of the keels. Lodicules lanceolate, acute, thickened below, 3-nerved, ciliate. Stamens exserted, anthers purple, blunt. Ovary ovate, surmounted by a short sfyle, speedily dividing into 3 feathery stigmas. Caryopsis dark brown, linear-oblong, glabrous, furrowed on the back, acute. T HAMNOCALAMUS SPATHIFLORUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soe, xxvi. 34 (partly). i | North-Eastern Himalaya in Sikkim and British Bhutan, especially on the Singalila Range above 10,000 ft.: collected in flower by Kurz in 1868; by C. B. Clarke at Yakla, 11,000 ft., in 1869; by C. G. Rogers at Tonglo, 10,000 ft.; and by G. A. Gammie at Phalut, 10,000 ft. in 1890. Leaf specimens have also been collected by H. C. Levinge, Kurz, G. King, myself and others in Sikkim, and above Chupcha in woods at 9,500 to 10,000 ft. by Griffith in Bhutan. fe This species comes very near to А. spathiflora, but after careful examination of several specimens I have come to the conclusion that it is specifically distinct, and that al the East Himalayan specimens placed by Munro under А. spathiflora belong to A. aristata. lt is а beautiful and interesting little bamboo, and differs in habit from A. spathiflora also in having broader bracts, enclosing several spikelets, shorter leaves, a hairy callus below the petiole which is longer, longer mucros to the flowering glumes, and a more acuminate palea which is nearly as long as the flowering glume, n Ad ie gives the name аз Bhébham (Bhutia), Babain (Lepcha). On the hills of Sikkim this species is easily recognized by the yellow culms and reddish branchlets. Ann. Вот. Bor. Garp. Слісотта, Vor. VII. 20 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Рглте No. 17.— Arundinaria aristata, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch; 3, young shoot showing culm-sheaths—of natural size; 4, leaf-sheath; 5; bract with spikelet; 6, spikelet spread out—much enlarged; Т, palea; 8, lodicules; 9, anther ; 10, ovary and stigmas; 11, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (No. 1 from H. C. Levinge’s specimen; rest from С. В. Clarke’s.) 17. ARUNDINARIA FarcoxERr Bth. and Hook. fil. Gen. Pl. ii, 1208. A tall shrubby bamboo. Culms fistular, probably 12 to 15 ft. high, “6 to "8 in. in diameter, smooth when young, covered with white scurf when old, frequently striped yellow and green; node raised at the joint and marked below it by the persistent base of the fallen sheath; internodes 8 to 15 in. long, walls 715 in. thick, branches many from the nodes, fistulam, joined with braeteate sheaths. Culm-sheaths striate, hairy when young, papery, straw-coloured when older, sometimes striped, 8 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, ciliate on the edges, narrowed only at the top convexly into a truncate "8 to 4 in. broad mouth; imperfect blade subulate, recurved, З to 5 in. long, "2 to "3 in. broad; ligule narrow, dark-coloured, hairy. Leaves soft, thin, dull green, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, 5 to 8 in. broad, rounded or narrowed at the base into а "1 in. long petiole; smooth on both surfaces, scabrous on the edges; main vein not prominent, secondary veins 3 to 4, inconspicuous, intermediate 5 to 7, no regular transverse veinlets, but few pellucid glands having that appearance beneath; leaf-sheaths glabrous, striate, ciliate on the edges, ending in a minutely ciliate narrow callus below the petiole; ligule rounded, hairy, elongate. Inflorescence in large leafy panicles with racemose branchlets, bearing, clustered at the nodes of a slender geniculate rachis and supported by 2 to 4 or more chaffy bracts, one or more racemes of spikelets 1 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, up to 1 in. long, truncate at tip or with a very small imperfect blade; rachis of raceme sinuously curved, flattened. Spikelets 5 to 7 in the raceme; l-flowered with a terminal free rachilla bearing a very minute imperfect flower; rachilla with a ring of. hairs below the flowering glume; ¿mpi glumes 2, membranous, oblong, acute or mucronate, 3- to 5-nerved, the midrib prominent, more than half the length of the spikelet; flowering glumes ovate-lanceolate, 5—7-nerved, shortly mucronate, ciliate at the tip; palea as long or longer, 2-keeled, keels glabrous except at the very tip, shortly bi-mucronate, 1-пегуед on either side of keel. Lodicules 3, oblong, or obovate, acute, 3—5-veined, ciliate on the edges, one rather shorter and smaller. Stamens exserted, anthers obtuse or very shortly apiculate, purple. Ovary ovate, glabrous, elongated into a thick style, which is finally divided into 3 long plumose stigmas. Caryopsis linear-oblong, furrowed on one side, shortly acute. THamNnocatamus Fatconert, Hook. fil. MNS., Munro in Trans. Linn, Sw. xxvi. 34; Brandis For. Flora 563 BAMBUSA FLORIBUNDA, Munro in Herb. Trin. Coll. Dubl. Bampusorwes,” Wall. Cat. 5040. Himalayan range from Kumaon to Bhutan: collected by Wallich in Nepal in 1821; by Strachey and Winterbottom at the Madhari Pass, Kumaon, 8,000 ft.; by Dr. Jamieson (Saharanpur Garden collection); by С. B. Clarke in Sikkim at Laghep, 9,000 ft., in 1816 (No. 27760); by T. Anderson at Senchal, Darjeeling, 7,000 ft, in 1868; by G. А. Gammie at Tendong, 7,000 ft., and by myself near Darjeeling. This species is very little known: it is clearly a Nepalese kind chiefly, and only just extends eastwards into Bhutan and westwards into Kumaon. The dates of flowering are given by Wallich’s collection of 1821 and С. B. Clarke's of 1876, INDIAN BAMBUSEE: GAMBLE. 21 T. Anderson's specimens bear the name Pummoon (Lepcha and С. A. Gammie's that of Pao ming, which presumably is the same. The small sheaths enclosing short sinuous racemes of l-flowered spikelets, with the absence of regular transverse veins to the leaves, at once characterize this species. Judging from the figure and description, this is the A. falata, Nees, of Rivières ‘Les Bambous,’ page 308. It is regularly cultivated in Europe, and, according to a letter by Dr. M. T. Masters in Nature of January 20, 1881, flowered gregariously a few years previously. РгАтЕ No. 18.—Arundinaria Falconeri, Bth. and Hook. fil. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath—reduced to 1; 4, bracts and raceme of spikelets ; 5, spikelet; 6 & 7, empty glumes; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, lodicules ; 11, anther; 12, ovary and style with stigmas; 13, caryopsis—enlarged. (No. 3 from G. А. Gammie's, rest from C. B. Clarke's specimens.) SECTION IV. 18. ARUNDINARIA Рвлтхп, Gamble. A small wiry climbing shrub. Culms thin, slender, smooth, yellowish, curving, up to 30 ft. long, 2 to 3 in. in diameter; nodes swollen in a well-marked ring; internodes short, usually 8 to 9 in. long, longer in the middle, decreasing upwards, walls thick, often quite solid, branchlets fasciculate from the nodes, the leaves becoming smaller upwards and finally very much reduced, aciculate. Culm-sheaths thin, somewhat scabrous above, 2 to 6 in. long, “4 to "8 in. broad, attenuate convexly in the upper half to a very narrow point; imperfect blade short, '1 to *2 in., needle-like; ligule short, rounded. Leaves small, thin, oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long, 3 to 7 in. broad; rounded at the base into a short `! in. long petiole; ending above in long curved setaceous points glabrous on both sides; one edge scabrous ; main vein scarcely prominent, secondary veins 2 to 3 pairs, intermediate 4 to 7, transverse veinlets попе; Jleaf-sheath striate, smooth, ending in a prominent glabrous callus below the petiole and produced upwards at the sides; ligule long, rounded, blunt. Inflorescence in terminal or axillary panicles bearing distant spikelets in the axils of sheath-like straw-coloured bracts; rachis very slender, wiry, smooth, geniculate. Spikelets 1 to 14 in. long, on slender pedicels, bearing 2 to 3 empty glumes, 3 to 6 fertile flowers and a terminal imperfect flower, distichously arranged on alternate sides of a wiry flexuouse rachis; rachille clavate, flattened; empty glumes usually 2, the lower l-keeled, ciliate on the edges, lanceolate, the upper ‘ovate, acute, 3—5-nerved, ciliate on the tip; lowering glumes triangular, falcate, acute, glabrous, 9- to ll-nerved, nerves prominent; раа falcate, as long as flowering glume, 9-keeled, minutely ciliate on the keels, and at the acute or bifid apex. Lodicules 3, two broadly ovate, 3-nerved, faintly ciliate, the third lanceolate acute, 1—3-nerved. Stamens 6, hardly exserted, anthers purple, bluntly apiculate. Ovary oblong, hairy above; style thick, bulbous at the base, papillose ; stigmas 3, plumose. Caryopsis not known. MICROCALAMUS PRAINII, Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. lix и. 907, Pl. vii. Naga and Jaintia Hills in Assam, found by Dr. D. Prain in flower at Pulinabadza, 7,870 ft, Naga Hills in 1856, on the edge of a precipice; and by G. Mann on the Jarain road, about 5% miles from Јожа, Jaintia Hills, 3,500 ft., in 1889. I also identify. with this the specimens collected by Mr. James Rollo in the Zulla Valley, Хара Hills, 5,400 ft, in 1891. | 22 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUITA. This graceful little climbing bamboo has 6 stamens, and, under the impression that the character given by Bentham and Hooker to the section Triglossee was permanent, I described it as a new genus, Microcalamus, in 1890. It appears, however, from а note by Professor D. Oliver to plate 1969 of Hookers ‘Icones Plantarum,’ that not only was the name Microcalamus already pre-occupied, but that the authorities at Kew saw nothing to prevent bamboos having the other characters of Arundinaria being described under that genus in spite of a larger number of stamens, so that I do not hesitate now to transfer my plant to Arundinaria, I cannot, however, agree with Professor Oliver in referring A. Praini? to А. kurilensis, Ruprecht; for I can trace no points of agreement except those of the 6 stamens and spikelets with about the same number of distichous flowers. G. Mann gives Ше Naga name as Sampit, and says that the plant is used for basket-work and for building huts. Mr. Rollo gives the Naga name Кора, Prar& Хо. 19.—Arundinaria Ргати, Gamble. 1, 2, 3, flowering and leaf-bearing branches from different parts of culm; 4, culm-sheath—of natural size; 5, spikelet and bract; 6, flower open; 7, flower open with glume and palea removed; 8, lodicules; 9, anther; 10, ovary and stigmas; 11, venation of leaf—en/arged. (No. 4 from Manu's, rest from Prain’s specimens.) SPECIES OF WHICH THE FLOWERS: ARE NOT KNOWN. 19. ARUNDINARIA MICROPHYLLA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 32. A gregarious, low, cæspitose shrub. Culms 2 to 4 ft, high; internodes 2 to 3 in. long, very glabrous; branches many from the nodes, semi-verticillate. ^ Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves small, narrow, linear-lanceolate or almost lanceolate, acute, “1 to “2 in broad, under 1 in. long, shortly mucronate, the margin almost membranaceous, fimbriate or glabrous; /eaf-sheath often dark-coloured, striate, hairy above, long fimbriate at the top; secondary veins 2 pairs, hardly conspicuous, transverse veinlets many, not raised; ligule scarcely visible. BAMBUSA MICROPHYLLA, Griffith Journ. i. 242, 259, &c. Bhutan: collected by Griffith at Sanah, 7,000 ft., and at other places between 6,000 and 10,000 ft. ` t is possible that C. B. Clarkes No. 38980, collected at Soyung, 5,000 ft., Khasia Hills, in 1885, described as dwarf, and said to be used for pony fodder, may be this species, but the leaves are larger. Griffith describes A. microphylla as a dwarf plant, ‘forming large patches in wet places’ and clothing the sward on the Dhong- laila Pass at 10,000 ft. No plate available—description after Munro. 20. ARUNDINARIA HIRSUTA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 30. A small shrubby bamboo with single stems from the rhizome. Culms greyish- green, 4 to 8 ft. high, 2 to 3 in. in diameter, nodes glabrous, raised; internodes up to 13 in. long, often. strigosely hirsute above, walls rather thin. Culm-sheaths thin, papery, about 6 in. long and 1 in. broad at base, striate, covered with long brown hairs, контра at top and ending in large, recurved, long-ciliate auricles; imperfect blade subulate, unate, recurved; ligule narrow, pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 5. in. long . INDIAN BAMBUSEE ; GAMBLE. 23 by '5 to ‘7 in. broad; rounded at base into a short, “1 in. long, broad petiole; tip a subulate, twisted, scabrous point; smooth above, pale and strigosely white hairy beneath; edges cartilaginous. and scabrous serrate; main vein narrow, shining, secondary veins 4 to 6 pairs, intermediate: 7, transverse veinlets very numerous, straight, regular and strong; leaf-sheaths striate, covered with long stiff bristles ending in a hairy callus and аа, reflexed auricle bearing long, stiff, almost spinescent hairy bristles; Jigule elongate, hairy, often of dark colour. Inflorescence, etc., unknown. Khasia and Naga Hills at 5,000 and up to 9,500 ft.: collected by Griffith on rocks at Myrung, 5,600 ft.; by Hooker in 1850 in woods at Syong, 5,700 ft, and Moflong, 6,000 ft.; by С. Исан at Myrung in 1890 under the Khasi пате U-s/oh, апа by C. B. Clarke at Shiliong (No. 44651) and at Jakpho, Naga Hills, 9,500 ft., (No. 51313) in 1885-86. This pretty bamboo much resembles А. Wightiana, and might almost be placed under it except for the very marked auricles and bristles of the culm- and leaf-sheaths. Mann says it is used for the walling of huts to hold the mud plaster. Munro refers to Hookers having described it as possessing spinous stems, but says he has found no trace of spines unless the very stiff leaf-cilie were referred to. | Ррате No. 20.—Arundinaria hirsuta, Munro, 1, leaf-branch—of natural size; 9, culm-sheath—reduced to $; 3, transverse venation of leaves—enlarged. (Nos. 1, 3 from C. В. Clarke’s specimen; No. 2 from С. Mann’s.) 91. ARUNDINARIA GALLATLYI, я. sp. Gamble, A small gregarious shrub. Culms thin, branches smooth, glabrous, striate, sometimes channelled; sheaths of branchlets narrow, papery, with foliaceous imperfect blades and long ligules. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pale green, 3 to 4 in. long by '6 to 8 in. broad; attenuate at the base into a short, “1 in. petiole; ending in a scabrous, setaceous point; smooth above, whitish beneath; scabrous on one edge; main vein slender, shining, secondary veins 3 pairs, intermediate 5 to 6, transverse veinlets numerous, fine, regular; jeaf-sheaths striate, ending in a narrow callus and somewhat produced at the mouth, which is furnished with a few, usually 3, long stiff bristles ; ügule rather long, triangular, pubescent. Inflorescence, etc., not known. _ Hills of S. Burma; gathered on Moolyet Hill, адаса: at 6,000 ft. by G. Gallatly in 1876 (No. 276). = Prark No. 21.—Arundinaria Gallatlyi, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch—of natural size; 9, leaf- sheath; 3, transverse venation of ge mee (from Gallatly’s specimens). 22. ARUNDINARIA JAUNSARENSIS, п. sp. Gambie. A PRU reed-like small се, with single culms arising at intervals from a long creeping rhizome, the intervals 2 to 3 feet long; scales of rhizome straw-coloured, shining, ovate-acute, imbricate, about 05 in. apart; rhizome 0-3 in. diameter, jointed, joints 5 to “б in. long. Culms bright green, glaucous when young, greenish-brown when old, smooth, 10 to 15 ft. high, 0°5 in. in diameter; nodes marked by a narrow ring; inter- nodes 9 to 11 in. long; branchlets from the nodes semi-verticillate, rather few. Culm- sheaths 6 to 10 in. long by 1:5 to 2 in. broad at base, shorter than the internodes, 24 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. straw-coloured, papery, striate, transversely veined, ciliate on the edges, somewhat rounded and gradually narrowed to a truncate apex of 2 to '3 in, which has on either side a narrow falcate auricle with a few long stiff hairy bristles; imperfect bade narrow, subulate, recurved, 1 to 3 in. long by 2 in. broad; ligule short, truncate, pubescent. Leaves thin, lanceolate acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long by ‘6 to ‘7 in. broad, unequally cuneate at the base into a short petiole, smooth above, slightly rough beneath, scabrous-serrate on the edges; main veins hardly prominent, secondary veins 4 to 5 pairs, intermediate 7 to 8, transverse vein'ets numerous, prominent, straight, oblique (about 100 per in.) with often pellucid dots between them ; /eaf-sheafAs smooth, striate, keeled, ending in faleate auricles with few (usually 5-6) stiff bristles; Пуше short, truncate, pubescent. Inflorescence, etc., unknown. Hills of Jaunsar in North-West Himalaya, near Mundali, at 7,000 to 8,000 ft., 1892. This handsome species is at once distinguished by its single culms arising from a long creeping jointed rhizome, often 3 feet long between the stolons; by its auricled sheath, green culms and leaves thinner than those of its nearest neighbour A. spathiflora. It is used for basket-work, and is apparently confined to the ono locality. PrarE No. 22.—Arundinaria jaunsarensis, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm with sheaths ; 3, culm-sheath—natural size ; 4, rhizome—much reduced ; 5, transverse venation of leaf; 6, leaf-sheaths—exlarged (from fresh specimens). 23. ARUNDINARIA RorLoawa, п. sp. Gamble. A shrubby bamboo with stoloniferous distant culms, the rhizomes at first covered with shining, acute, imbricating scales, afterwards jointed, the joints about "5 in. long. Culms about 8 ft. high, 4 in. in diameter, slightly rough, green at first, afterwards yellow, somewhat flattened on one side; nodes somewhat swollen, lower ones rooting; internodes 8 to 12 in. long, walls rather thin, less than *1 in. Culm-sheaths 4 to 6 in. long, l to 2 in. broad, at first covered with scattered appressed bristles, afterwards glabrous, shining, ciliate on the edges, narrowed convexly in the upper third into a rather broad truneate mouth, which is furnished with long, recurved, rounded, faleate auricles with long bristles ; imperfect blade 15 to 2 in. long, narrow, subulate, recurved ; ligule narrow. Leaves 6 to 8 in. long by 1 to 15 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate ; rounded at the base into a short, very broad, flat petiole; ending above in a rather short acute poiut; smooth above, sparsely hairy beneath ; the edges cartilaginous, spinulose-scabrous ; main veins hardly seen above, shining beneath, secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs, intermediate | about 7, transverse veinlets very prominent beneath, numerous, straight and regular ; leaf-sheaths striate, sparsely strigose, hairy, ending in a narrow line and a rounded, long- ciliate auricle ; ligule long, membranous, deeply cleft. Inflorescence, etc., not known. Naga Hills: found by James Rollo in the Zullah Valley at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. in 1889, and by Sri Gopal Banerjee the samo year, and sent by С. Mann. This is a remarkable species on account of the breadth of its leaves. In its rhizome and distant culms and in the character of the culm-sheaths it A. jaunsarensis, It is known by the Naga name of роб. | Prare No. 23.—Arundinaria Rolloana, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, rhizome and eulm— of natural size; 3, culm-sheath—reduced; 4, leaf-sheath—much enlarged (all from J. Rollo’s specimens). : Дама, : UO d uo A MEC resembles “2 Qi INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 21. ARUNDINARIA SUBERECTA, Munro іп Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 32. A graceful, wiry, erect shrub, growing in thick clumps. Culms 10 to 15 ft. high, '3 in. in diameter, olive green, smooth; nodes slightly swollen; internodes 6 to 10 in. long, cavity very small; branchlets in whorls from the nodes. Culm-sheaths 2 to 6 in. long, “5 in. broad at base, thin, papery, striate, glabrous, gradually attenuate upwards to a naked or fimbriate mouth ; imperfect blade subulate, leafy, 5 to 15 in. long, recurved ; ligule long, fimbriate at tip. Leaves narrow, linear, 2 to 4 in. long, "2 to 3 in. broad; narrowed at the base into an extremely short petiole; tip setaceous, edges revolute ; smooth above except the scabrous marginal veins, pale beneath; edges scabrous serrate; main vein narrow, not conspicuous, secondary veins 3 to 4 pairs, intermediate 4 to 5, transverse veinlets none or very scarce, pellucid glands many ; leaf-sheaths striate, loose, glabrous or slightly hairy when young, ending in a callus and somewhat produced, with a few very deciduous bristles; ligule rather long, pubescent. Infloresence, ебе., not known. North-East Himalaya and Khasia Hills: collected in 1850 at the Moosmai falls, Khasia Hills, 4,000 ft, by Hooker (No. 558); and at Kalapani, 4,500 ft., by- Griffith (No. 1407). I also identify as this C. B. Clarke’s No. 19120 from Shillong (which I have figured in default of a specimen of the type); G. Mann’s specimen No. 8 from the Khasia Hills, 5,000 ft., 1885, named, U-Ladai-namlang, and from the Mahtedu river, Jaintia Hills, 4,500, named Lombnang, namlang, gathered in 1889; and those sent by Mr. W. A. Kennedy in 1891 to the Caleutta Botanie Garden from Sikkim, though this latter has а more hairy leaf-sheath, and more ciliate leaf auricles. Used in building native huts. It would probably make excellent fishing rods. Рглте No. 24.— Arundinaria suberecta, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm; 3 & 4, culm- sheaths—of natural size ; 5, leaf-sheath; 6, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (Nos. 1, 5, 6 from C. B. Clarke’s specimens; Nos. 2, 3, 4 from С. Mann’s.) 25. ARUNDINARIA Kurz, n. sp. Gamble. Apparently a bushy shrub, Culms *3 to 4 in, in diameter, smooth ; nodes marked with a thick ring and bearing very numerous, long, wiry, filiform, geniculate branchlets. ToS very thin, linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 in, long, 2 to З in. broad, tapering unequally at base into а very short petiole; acute above with a short point; smooth on both surfaces except for a few long white bulbous-based hairs on the veins beneath; edges smooth; main vein thin pale, secondary veins 2 pairs, intermediate 5 to 6, transverse veinlets very few and inconspicuous ; leaf-sheaths slender, striate, ending in a small callus and slightly produced at the edges, and furnished with a few thin cilize ; ligule short, sometimes ciliate. Inflorescence, &c., not known. = Coasts of Southern Burma: collected by Kurz on his last tour іп 1878. It is not quite certain in what exact locality this was gathered, but the plant is quite unlike any other species of the eastern region, though it comes near to A. faleata of the Western Himalayas. It is remarkable for its very thin leayes and geniculate pale branchlets. | Рглте No. 25.— Arundinaria Kurzii, Gamble. 1, leaf branchlets with part of culm. Ах». Вот. Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Yor. VII. 26 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 26. ARUNDINARIA MANNII, 2. sp. Gamble. A slender, graceful, tufted, climbing, wiry bamboo. Culms solid, having no cavity, :5 in. thick, 30 ft, high, much branched; nodes thickened, bearing many geniculate branchlets ; internodes 3 ft. long, smooth. Culm-sheaths 12 to 18 in. long, convolute, apparently persistent, very thin and slender, 72 to 3 in. broad at the top, rough with sparse, stiff, brown, appressed bristles; imperfect blade inserted on the sheath with the same diameter and eontinuous with it, very long, linear, often 9 to 10 in. in length, point long, setaceous, closely appressed hairy within at the base; Пуше narrow, dentate. Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, 77 to nearly 1 in. broad, thin, papery, lanceolate; rounded or attenuate at the base into a short, “1 to "2 in. long, wrinkled petiole ; the point at first thickened and scabrous hirsute, then surmounted by a long, setaceous, hair-like apex; smooth above except the scabrous points on marginal veins, somewhat glaucous and sparsely rough hairy beneath; scabrous on one edge; midrib vein narrow, shining, secondary veins about 5 pairs, intermediate 5 to 6 hardly recognizable from the secondary, no transverse veinlets; leaf-sheaths glabrous, striate, ending on one side in a round shining callus without auricle, оп the other in a short pointed auricle with a few long stiff bristles; ligule small, hairy, ciliate. Inflorescence, &c., unknown. Jaintia Hills in Assam at about 3,000 ft, A very curious species, which has been placed in this genus on account of its resemblance generally to A. Prainii, especially in the solid culms. The very long | narrow sheaths are remarkable, and іп its leaves it resembles Cephalostachyum. It was found at Amkasur, about five miles from Jarain, in April 1889, by С. Mann, and it is called Beneng (Khasia) Mann states that it is much used, split, as a binding material in building huts. Prate No. 26.—Arundinaria Мапий, Gamble. No. 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm-sheath— of natural size; 3, leaf-sheath, both sides—enlarged. 2. Phyllostachys, Sie. and Zucc. Shrubby ceespitose bamboos. Culms smooth, flattened оп one side; nodes prominent; internodes rather short; branches fasciculate at the nodes. Culm-sheaths papery, striate, rounded above ; imperfect blade narrow, subulate. Leaves petiolate, articulate on the sheath, small or moderate-sized, transverse veinlets very numerous, tessellate; Jeaf-sheaths loose, smooth. Inflorescence consisting of spicate branchlets arranged in a leafy terminal panicle ; the spikelets supported by prominent imbricating bracts which are sheath-like and bear sometimes a leafy imperfect blade. Spikelets 2 to 3, alternate, with 1 to 4 fertile flowers and a terminal imperfect one; rachilla articulate between the flowers and produced beyond into a terminal imperfect flower; empty glumes 2 to 3, many-nerved, usually unequal, glabrous, often ending in a leafy imperfect blade; flowering glume ovate-lanceolate, many- nerved, acuminate ; palea scarcely shorter than flowering glume, narrow, 2-keeled, many- nerved, often bimucronate. JLodicules 3, usually unequal, lanceolate, acute, veined. Stamens 3, long-exserted, filaments filiform; anthers linear. Ovary stalked, rounded, glabrous; style long, rdg above into 3 long feathery stigmas. ^ Caryopsis not known. Distrib.—Eastern Asia, in China and Japan, extending westwards to the Himalaya MS ы “ Assam, and containing five or more species. Тһе most important of these, INDIAN BAMBUSE.E ; GAMBLE. 27 not here described, is probably P. туға, Munro, which is indigenous in China and Japan and is cultivated in Europe and in the Indian hills. Leaves thin, leaf-sheaths long bristly ciliate at mouth . . . 1. P. bambusoides, Leaves thick, leaf-sheaths with hardly any bristles at mouth . . 2. Р. Mannii. 1. PHYLLOSTACHYS BAMBUSOIDES, Sieb. and Zucc., Abh. Akad. der Phys. Wissensch. München їп. 745, tab. 5, fig. З (1843). A cespitose shrub. Culms graceful, yellow, smooth, 10 to 12 ft. high, about *5 to ‘7 in. in diameter or less, flattened on one side in alternate internodes; nodes prominent, glabrous; internodes short; branches semi-verticillate from the nodes. Culm-sheaths 6 to 10 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, thin, papery, striate, rounded above into a short neck _ and truncate, the margins produced to meet the ligule and furnished with a few long stiff сПие; imperfect blade narrow, subulate, recurved; ligule long, blunt, dentate. Leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in. long usually, “5 to ‘7 in. broad, rounded at the base into a 1 to 2 in. long, black, hairy petiole, ending above in a setaceous point; smooth above, glaucous beneath, and with white stiff hairs below; scabrous-serrate on one margin; main vein prominent; secondary veins 5 to 6 pairs, intermediate about 7, transverse veinlets very numerous, fingly tessellate; laf-sheaths loose, keeled, striate, glabrous, ciliate on one edge; usually furnished at the mouth with several long stiff bristles on a short auricle; ligule rather prominent, rounded. Jn/florescence a large leafy panicle of bracteate spikes of spikelets; the bracts short, obtuse, sheathing, paleaceous with a leafy imperfect blade; spikelets in each bract 3 to 5 fertile. Spikelets 1 to 12 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; empty glumes 2, lower very large, sheath-like, bluntly truncate, with a foliaceous green cordate blade, which becomes smaller or disappears in the upper flowers, upper short, ‘3 in. long, oblique, keeled, ciliate on the keels, few-nerved, those of upper flowers longer and more unequal sided, in terminal spikelets sometimes wanting; flowering glumes ovate, acuminate, "8 in. long by 3 in. broad; main nerve strong, secondary 5 to 6 pairs; palea about as long, narrow, 2-keeled, minutely scabrous, ciliate on the keels, bimucronate. Lodicules ovate-lanceolate or ob-lanceolate, sometimes emarginate or bifid, shortly ciliate, 3—7-veined, unequal. S/amens very long, exserted, drooping; anthers 74 in. long with the connective apiculate. Ovary depressed, ovoid, glabrous, stalked at the base, surmounted by a very long 1 in. to 12 in. style, finally divided into 3 long, minutely feathery stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Steudel Sym. 339; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 36; Franch. её Sab. Enum. Pl. in Jap. crese. 189. Рнупговтаснув MEGASTACHYA, Аи Syn. 339; Walp. Ann. i. 946. BAMBUSA RETICULATA, Rupr. Ват. 58. BAMBUSA BIFOLIA, Sieb, MS. (teste Munro). North-East Himalaya, Mishmi Hills: collected by Griffith at Premsong’s village— see Journ, p. 38.—Distrib China and Japan, cultivated in Europe and elsewhere, e.g. in Simla. Munro has identified Griffith’s plant with the well-known China and Japan species, but apparently no flowers have been seen. I have consequently taken my plate from a Hongkong specimen in the Caleutta Herbarium. But G. Mann has sent leaf-speci- mens of two species of Рнупговтаснув, one of which seems to agree with this, but cannot be certainly identified without flowers, and the other appears to be new (see below). Griffith described his plant as ‘a small hard bamboo which forms excellent walking sticks. Mann’s specimens were collected from cultivated plants found in the Sibsagar А хх. Roy Рот. Garp. Carcutra VoL. VII. 28 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. district, and said to be wild in the Naga Hills. The roots are stoloniferous, and the native names are Deo, bih (Assamese). ` Рглте No. 27.—Phyllostachys bambusoides, Sieb. and Zucc. 1, leaf and flower branch— of natural size; 2, outer empty glume; 3, flowering glume; 4, palea; 5, lodicules ; 6, anther; 7, ovary, style and stigmas; 8, transverse venation of leaf—enlarged. (All from a Hongkong specimen collected by C. Ford, now in the Calcutta Herbarium.) 2. Рнуш.овтаснүв MANNII, n. sp. Gamble. A cespitose shrub. Culms 15 to 20 ft. high, 1 to 12 in. in diameter; internodes 8 in. long, yellow, flattened on one side. Culm-sheaths papery, straw-coloured, 8 to 9 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, rounded at the top and truncate; imperfect blade 2 to 3 in. long, recurved, narrow, subulate, decurrent on the sheath; ligule broad, long-pectinate. Leaves thick, 4 to 5 in. long, "5 to "8 in. broad; rounded at base into а rather long °З in. petiole; shortly acuminate at tip; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces except а few white hairs ‘near Ше midrib below; spinulose-serrate on one edge; main vein prominent below, shining, secondary veins 5 pairs, intermediate 7 to 8, transverse veinlets extremely numerous and very finely tessellate ; leaf-sheaths loose, glabrous; smooth, straw-coloured, ending in а narrow ciliate callus with a few deciduous bristles ; ligule short. Inflorescence, ete., unknown. | | . Cultivated at Shillong, Khasia Hills, 5,000 ft., and said to have come from Ше Naga Hills: collected by С. Mann in 1889, and called Deo, | This is а pretty species which I cannot identify with any other I have seen, and which I consequently describe as new, but with some diffidence. I have received speci- mens from J. W. Oliver, collected from plants cultivated at Bernardmyo and called by the Shans ‘ Mai-pang-piik’ which I think belong also to this species. The culms are used for walking sticks, Prare No. 28.—Phyllostachys Manni, Gamble, 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm-sheath—doth of natural size. н Sub-tribe 2.—EUBAMBUSEA. Filaments free. | Pales not at all or slightly cleft, all keeled . . . . 8. Bambusa. Раев deeply cleft, uppermost not keeled . . . . . 4. Zhyrsostachys. Filaments connate in a thin tube. Spikelets many-flowered ; all the рые» 2-keeled . . . 5. Gigantochloa. Spikelets few-flowered ; paleæ of upper flower none ог, like the glumes, net keeled. . . . . . + . . 6. Ozytenanthera. es | 3. Bambusa, Schreber. ECC Arborescent, or shrubby, or rarely climbing bamboos, sometimes thorny, sometimes of large size; a few species gregarious. Culms from a thick rhizome, usually ceespitose, occa- sionally stoloniferous from long underground shoots. Culm-sheafhs various, the sheath usually broad and the imperfect blade broad, triangular in shape. Leaves small to moderate- sized, rarely large, linear or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, shortly petiolate; Jeaf-sheaths variously auricled, Inflorescence more usually a large leafless compound panicle bearing spikelets in heads in spicate branchlets; sometimes in leafy panicles or paniculate spikes, and oceas onally short. Spikelets with 1 or many fertile flowers usually supported by INDIAN BAMBUSEE ; GAMBLE. 29 1 to 3 empty glumes ; Jlowering glume ovate-lanceolate, usually mucronate ; palea two-keeled, the keels ciliate or not, the point usually entire. Lodicules 3, membranous, generally obtuse, ciliate. Stamens 6, filaments free, often exserted; anthers narrow, tip obtuse or apiculate or penicillate. Ovary oblong or obovate, hairy at the apex; style short or elongated; s#gmas 1 to 3, plumose or hairy. Caryopsis oblong or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, furrowed on one side; pericarp thin, adherent; embryo conspicuous. Півтвів.--Везідев the 24 Indian and Straits species herein described, there are about 6 Chinese (В. tuldoides, Munro; В. angulata, Munro; В. breviflora, Munro; В. flexuosa, Munro; В. Beecheyana, Munro, and B. Oldhami, Munro) and 1 Malay species (В. cornuta, Munro) which are well known; and there are also about 7 species from Eastern Asia and 12 from the Malay Islands which are only very imperfectly known and described. Of the 24 here described, 8 belong to the Western Peninsula, 9 to the Burmese region, and 5 to Malaya and the Islands of the Bay of Bengal, while 2 (В. vulgaris amd В. nana) are cultivated species frequently met with throughout the Indo-Malayan area, and one of them (В. vulgaris) also in America. Only one is certainly known from Australia, viz.: В. aruhemica, von Muell. from the North-East. Analysis of the species, Culms without spines to the branches. Fertile flowers several. Spikelets cylindric. Srcrion I. Spikelets in loose heads. Arborescent. Culm-sheaths, where known, with imperfect blade trian- gular from a broad base. Culm-sheaths with large auricles. Paleæ ciliate on the keels. Spikelets long. Spikelets many. Anthers obtuse . А . 1. В. Типа. » apiculate . 2. В. nutans ә penicilate , . 9. B. teres. Spikelets few. . . . . 4. B. Ridleyi. Spikelets short . . . . . . б. В. бигтапка. Pales not ciliate on the keels . . 6. B. polymorpha. Culm-sheaths with small auricles . . . . . . 7. B. pallida. Culm-sheaths with narrow imperfect blade and without о PEE «Йш. Culm-sheaths with inflated imperfect blade, leaf-tip ТАҒ о о и 9o s » с» „+... • • + D. В. Кагана. Shrubby . . . 10. B. nana. Spikelets in dense heads, ovate. .,......,.. 11. В. Baleooa. Spikelets flattened. Веспох II. Spikelets apparently 2-cleft, few-flowered. . . . . . . .12. В. vulgaris. Spikelets with distichous flowers. _ Fertile flowers 5 to 6. Anthers blunt or with 1 hair only at tip . . . . . 13. B. Bingham. Anthers acute with 3 or more hairs at tip. . . . . 14. B. Kingiana. Fertile flowers many, about 10, no lodicules. Вкстох HI. 15. В. lineata. 30 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Fertile flowers few. Fertile flowers 2 to 3. Ввеспох IV. . . . + + . e . 16. B. schizostachyoides Fertile lowers 1 only. Веспох V. Heads small distant, leaf auricles long ciliate &ox x» wx» «М. В Ән нала. Heads large, leaf auricles not long ciliate . . . . + + + .18. B. Wrayi. Culms thorny. Section VI. Culm-sheaths short, long-auricled; spikelets usually elongate, rachille evident Р . 19. В. Blumeana. Culm-sheaths org kot? MN š p еее" МЕТУМ makilla Ж" evident It лова ГГ, Species of which the flowers are net known. Culms yellow, erect; leaves glabrous, sheaths with naked auricles . . . 21. В. auriculata. Culms erect; leaves narrow, hairy near the base below and on leaf had . 22. B. cillosula., Culms scandent; leaves glabrous, leaf sheaths with long bristles . . . . . 23. B. Mastersi. Culms scandent; leaves with shaggy margins near the tip . . . . . . . 24. В. marginata. SECTION I. 1. DAMBUSA Тигра, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25 (1814). An evergreen or deciduous, cæspitose, arboreous, gregarious bamboo. Culms green or glabrous when young, grey-green when older, sometimes streaked with yellow, 20 to 70 feet high, not or little branched below, 2 to 4 in. in diameter; nodes not swollen, the lower ones fibrous-rooted; internodes 1 to 2 feet long, white-scurfy when very young, ringed with white below the nodes, the walls thin, '3 to "5 in.; branches many from nearly all nodes, those of lowest ones thin, nearly leafless, horizontal. Culm-sheaths about 6 to 9 in. long, 6 to 10 in. broad, smooth or whitish-powdered or covered with appressed brown hairs without, often white-powdered within; slightly attenuate upwards and rounded or triangularly truncate at top; imperfect blade broadly triangular, reniform or cordate, cuspidate, erect, hairy within, the base decurrent into rounded, large, long-frmged auricles, or a wavy narrow-fringed band along the upper edge -f the sheath; ligule narrow, entire. Leaves linear-oblong ог linear-lanceolate, 6 to 10 in. long by ‘7 to 15 in. broad; usually rounded at the base into a short 1 in., often hairy petiole; acuminate above in a subulate twisted point; glabrous above, except for the scabrous veins near the margin on one side, glaucescent and puberulous beneath ; scabrous on the edges; main vein rather narrow, secondary veins 6 to 10, intermediate 7 to 8, pellucid glands faint, scanty; leaf-sheath striate, glabrous, ending in a smooth callus and an oblong rounded auricle, fringed with long, thin, whitish bristles; ligule narrow, inconspicuous. Inflorescence variable, sometimes an immense radical leafless panicle, sometimes a short leafy paniculate or spicate branch; branches spicate, bearing interrupted clusters of few (1 to 5) usually fertile long spikelets, supported by shining chaffy bracts; rachis smooth, striate. Spikelets variable in length, 1 to 3 in. long, "2 in. broad, sessile, glabrous, e оса] and acute at first, afterwards divided into many flowers separated by conspicuous гаси е, bearing first 1 to 2 short bracts, then 9 to 4 usually gemmiparous empty glumes, then 4 to 6 fertile flowers, and finally 1 or 2 imperfect or male terminal flowers; empty glumes acute, many-nerved ; flowering glume many-nerved, glabrous, striate, 5 to 1 im, long, "3 in. broad, ovate acute or acuminate, mucronate, sometimes minutely ciliate on the edges; palea rather shorter, boat-shaped, INDIAN BAMBUSE® ; GAMBLE. 31 2-keeled, with long white сіе on the keels and penicillate at the tip, 5 to 7 nerves in the hollow between the keels; пай а clavate. flattened, striate, glabrous except on Ше ciliate tip and occasionally the faintly ciliate edges, articulate below the glumes, so that the spikelet readily breaks up. Lodicules 3, “15 in. long, two cuneate, oblong, obliquely truncate thickened and fleshy below, especially on one side, hyaline and about 5-nerved above, the upper part long-white fimbriate ; the third not thickened, hyaline, acute, long-fimbriate. Stamens long exserted, anthers 3 to *4 in., purple, glabrous, blunt at the tip or emarginate. Ovary obovate-oblong, white, hairy above, surmounted by a short hairy style which is early divided into 3 long plumose wavy stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, hirsute at the apex, furrowed, 3 in. long. Мол). Fl. Ind. ii. 193, Icon. ined. t. 1403; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 91; Brandis For. Flora 566; Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 559. В. Масата, Buch.-Ham. Wall. Cat. 50264; Вамвовл, Wall. Cat. 5027, 50308, 5030C. DenprocaLtamus TuLDA, Voigt Hort, Sub. Cale. 718. . Central and Eastern Bengal, Assam and Burma, also in the hills of the Northern Circars (if I am right in considering the common gregarious bamboo of the hills of the Golgonda Agency in the Vizagapatam district to be this species) and probably in those of Orissa. It is cultivated all through Eastern Bengal and Burma, and is probably the most common kind in the Lower Bengal rice country and in the Assam valleys. It is by no means easy to distinguish this bamboo in the Herbarium from some of. its neighbours when the flowers are not present; even when growing it is по always easy to recognize it from В. nutans. It varies, however, a good deal, both in the size of flower and size and shape of leaf and culm-sheath, and this probably accounts for its many native names. I have a large series of specimens from Assam through С. Mann which bear the names Mirtenga (Sylhet), Wati (Garo), Wamuna, wagi, nal-bans (Assamese), Dev-bans (Assam-Burmese), Вујић, Jati, 740, ghora (Kamrúp). Roxburgh gives the namos Tulda, jowa (Bengali); Peka (Hindi). I have specimens of my own collecting from Jalpaiguri and Ваха in the Western Duars called Kiranti and Майа, and these also I identify аз В. Tulda. C. B. Clarke has kindly given me specimens collected by himself at Jessore, Barisal and Rangpur. In Chittagong it is called Mitenga, Mritenga, and specimens were collected by J. L. Lister in 1876, and by В. Ellis in 1886. Тһе Burma specimens collected by Brandis, by Kurz in Martaban and Респ Yomas (No. 154), as well as those lately sent me from the Meza Forests in Upper Burma by J. W. Oliver, Conservator of the Eastern Circle, are named Тайна (Burmese), and differ from the Bengal and Assam specimens by having smaller flowers, the spikelets rarely longer than 15 in. and the flowering glumes 4 in., but I see no reason to separate them. Аз : enumerated by Munro, it had been previously collected by Roxburgh, Wallich, Griffith, Hamilton, Masters and others, and the Caleutta Herbarium has specimens from many collectors, As regards its years of flowering, it undoubtedly has the habit of flowering gregariously over considerable areas, but single clumps, as has been observed in the Royal Botanic Garden of Calcutta, if badly treated by over-cutting or partly uprooted, will often produce flowers without any general flowering. Kurz collected flowers in 1867-68, Clarke in 1872 and again in 1884, all in Bengal; Mann’s collectors. sent it from Assam in 1889, and J. W. Oliver from Burma in 1892. In Chittagong it was gathered in flower іп 1876 and 1886. Тһе culms are used for all general purposes, and they are strong, but cannot approach those of В. Balcooa, as Roxburgh pointed out. Roxburgh says that if seasoned in water they become more durable, otherwise they 32 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. are soon devoured by a small Bostrichus beetle. They are used for building, scaffolding, the making of mats and baskets, and when very young, they are, according to Roxburgh, pickled and eaten. Рглте No. 29.—Bambusa Тила, Roxb. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, parts of flowering panicle—of natural size; 4 & 5, culm-sheaths—reduced considerably; 6, leaf-sheath; 7, spikele& when young; 8, do. when older; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea; 11, lodicules; 12, anthers; 13, ovary, style and stigmas; 14, caryopsis—a// enlarged, (No. 5 from Kurz drawing, No. 14 from Wallich’s 5027; rest from fresh specimens collected in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.) 9. Вамвоза NUTANS, Wall. MS. in Herb. 5031. А moderate-sized graceful bamboo, with culms arising singly from a creeping rhizome much branched above, naked below. Culms green, smooth, not shining, white-ringed below the nodes, 20 to 40 ft. high, 15 to 3 in. in diameter, straight; nodes not much raised, often hairy, lower ones bearing rootlets; internodes 15 to 18 in. long, thick-walled. Culm-sheaths rather variable, 6 to 9 in. long, covered on the back with appressed scattered black hairs, the base bearing a ring of soft deciduous hairs; roundedly truncate at top; imperfect blade of lower nodes and uppermost shoots 6 to 9 in. long and very broad, that of middle nodes shorter, acute, margins recurved, clothed within with appressed black hairs, rounded at the base and again decurrent on the top of the sheath, and bearing large waved auricles, one usually erect, the other decurrent, both densely furnished with long curved bristles; Пуше 1 to "2 in. smooth, dentate. Leaves linear- lanceolate, 6 to 12 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; rounded or attenuate at the base into а '1 to ‘2 in. petiole; ending above in a twisted scabrous point; green оп both sides _ when fresh, when dried white beneath, glabrous above except the scabrid hairs on the midrib and marginal veins, glabrous or slightly hairy beneath; scabrous on the edges; main vein rather narrow, prominent, pale beneath, secondary veins 7 to 10, intermediate 8 to 9, pellucid glands frequent; Jeaf-sheaths striate, hairy when young, ending in a smooth callus and produced in a falcate auricle with а few long bristles; ligule elongated, obtuse, hairy. Inflorescence a stiff panicle bearing spicate branches with clusters of stiff erect spikelets in bracteate heads, rachis smooth. Spikelets many, sterile, or bearing gemmiparous glumes, few fertile, “7 to 1 in. long, glabrous, acute; empty glumes 2 to 3, glabrous, mucronate, gemmiparous; fertile flowers 3 to 5; flowering glumes ovate, acute, mucronate, many-nerved, minutely hairy within; prs flattened, shorter than flowering glume, ovate, 2-keeled, with the long white ciliz on the edges of the keels overlapping; rachille clavate, hairy and ы at the top, uppermost 2 to 3 flowers usually imperfect. Lodicules 3, broad, obtuse, long fimbriate, fleshy at first, many-nerved, one narrower than the other two. Stamens sometimes 7, anthers long apiculate or slightly penicillate at apex. Ovary sub-obovate, stalked, glabrous below, pubescent above; style short pubescent, stigmas 2 to 3, shortly plumose, twisted, nearly glabrous. Caryopsis oblong, obtuse, hairy on the top. Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 92; Brandis For. Flora 567. Bampusa Fauconert, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 95 (in part). BAMBUSA, Wall. Cat, 5030A. Lower Himalaya from the Jumna to Assam, Eastern Bengal. It is doubtful if this is really wild west of the Sarda, but it is very common jn villages and along roads and canals in Dehra Dún. In the Sikkim Hills it is found up to 5,000 ft. о INDIAN ВАМВГЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 33 This species is extremely difficult of separation from B. Tulda, Roxb., when flowers are not available: the leaves and culm-sheaths agree very nearly, and it is only in flower or growing that the two can be distinguished. "The best distinction is that of the culms, which in В. nutans come singly from a creeping rootstock, while in В. Tulda they are from a central tuft, but even this is not a constant character, The spikelets are much stiffer and shorter and the bristles of the leaf-sheaths are usually spreading, while those of B. Tulda are generally erect and regular. lt is known, according to Munro, as Peechie in Sylhet and as Вий, mukial in Assam; as Майо in Sikkim, I have collected, and Mr. G. A. Gammie has sent, specimens from Sikkim under the names Malloo, таМ-бапз (Lepcha), and Mr. Gammie has also sent а variety with striped culms under the Lepcha name Pao-shi-ding-ying which I take to belong to this species. I also identify as this the following specimens sent by С. Mann from Assam:—/ofia makal (Assamese) from Sibsagar, Deobans (Assamese) from Kamrup, Wa-malang (Kuki) from North Cachar, Seringjai (Khasi) from Shillong; but I am by no means sure of the identification, as any of them might be В. Тима instead, though they seem to me to ђе more like B. nutans. After searching, during three years’ residence in Dehra Dún, for Bambusa Falconert, Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 95, I have come to the conclusion that the hint given by Munro as to the flowers and by Brandis in For. Flora 568, as to the leaves, is probably the true state of the case, and that Munro's В. Falconeri simply consists of the flowers of В. nutans gathered by Falconer in September 1840 with the leaves of Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii gathered by Falconer in 1839 and by Strachey and Winterbottom in Garhwal. Dendrocalamus Нат оп! is undoubtedly the large bamboo of the Din and of the villages of the Lower Garhwal Hills, for I have often found it in flower, and В. nutans is commonly grown with it in the Dún, so that the mistake is by no means improbable, and my view is certainly borne out by an examination of the specimens in Herbaria. I propose, therefore, to omit В. Fulconeri from consideration in this work. The culms of B. nutans are strong, straight and good, and much esteemed. In the Dehra Dún the villagers cultivate it by planting offsets, and the cut culms fetch good prices. It is a graceful species worth growing for ornament, and its culms being well apart, makes it easy to work for profit. It seems to flower only at long intervals, for in the Dn at any rate there is no record since 1840, but last year (1893) I found one mutilated clump bearing flowering branches at the base, and this year (1894) I have found one whole clump in flower, so it may be about to flower generally. PLATE No, 30.—Bambusa nutans, Wall. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, parts of flower panicle—of natural size; 4 & 5, culm-sheaths from mid.stem and lower nodes—reduced to about 1; 6, leaf-sheath; 7, spikelet cluster with sterile and fertile spikelets ; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, lodicule; 11, anther; 12, ovary, style and stigmas; 13, rachilla— enlarged. (Nos. 4, 5, 6, from fresh Dehra Dún specimens, the rest from Falconer’s specimens.) ` | 3. BAMBUSA TERES, Нат. 881; іп Wall. Cat. 50268. A large, thickly сезрНове bamboo. Culms dark green, 60 ft. high, 3 in. in dia- meter, smooth; nodes formed by а ring consisting of the bases of fallen sheaths; internodes 20 in. long, чай 3 to 4 in. thick. Culm-sheaths 8 to 10 in. long, as much in breadth, nearly glabrous, hardly attenuate upwards, somewhat rounded at top; Ахх. Roy. Bor. Garp. Cancurta, Vor. УП. 94 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. imperfect blade 4 to 6 in. long, broad, triangular, cuspidate, appressed-hairy beneath, rounded at the base, and then again decurrent in broad. wavy auricles fringed with few deciduous bristles; ligule narrow, *1 in. broad, white-hairy outside. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 19 to 14 in. long, 15 to 18 in. broad, unequal at the base, and narrowly attenuate into a short "1 in. petiole; above long acuminate, with a twisted, scabrous, setaceous point; glabrous above except the scabrous points on marginal veins, shortly pubescent beneath; scabrous on the edges; main vein conspicuous, shining, secondary veins 10 to 16, intermediate 5 to 7, pellucid glands many, giving the appearance of strongly marked tranverse veinlets beneath; /eaf-sheaths glabrous or slightly hairy, ending in a broad shining callus, straight truncate at the mouth; ligule short. Inflorescence a large compound panicle with spicate branches bearing heads of sterile and fertile spikelets with chaffy bracts; rachis usually fistular, striate. Spikelets up to 2 in. long with 1 to 2 empty or gemmiparous glumes, 5 to 6 fertile flowers, and 1 to 2 terminal imperfect flowers ; rachilla obcuneate, striate, minutely ciliate at top; empty glumes ovate-acute, mucronate; flowering glume ovate-lanceolate with a broad base, acute, glabrous, sometimes with a soft sub- foliaceous point, many-nerved; palea ovate, 2-keeled, scabrous, toothed on the keels, 5-6-nerved between them, tip glabrous or penicillate. | Lodicules almost obovate, long- fimbriate, many-nerved. Anthers narrow, penicillate at the apex. Ovary ovate, acute, hairy above, with a short style and З long hairy stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 95. Eastern Bengal and Assam: collected at Gongachora in 1809 by Hamilton, and in Assam by Jenkins. Very little is known of this plant except the original sheets in the Kew Herbarium. But I believe I am right in identifying with it No. 1001 collected by С. Mann in 1391 at Charduar in the Durrang district of Assam, though the spikelets are not quite so long, and the rachis not so soft and fistular as in the type. I also think that С. Mann’s Bhaluki-makal (Assamese) collected in Sibsagar in 1889, is this species. Не says it is а soft-culmel kind easily attacked by insects, and consequently not much used for building | РглтЕ Ко. 31.—Zambusa teres, Ham. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch—of natural size; 9, culm-sheath—slightly reduced; 4, leaf-sheath; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicules; 8, anther; 9, ovary ; 10, rachilla—somewhat enlarged. (Nos. 3 and 7 from Mann's ‘ Bhaluki-makal’; rest from Hamilton’s and Jenkins’ specimens in the Royal Herbarium, Kew.) 4. BAMBUSA Кош, n. sp. Gamble. Culms and culm-sheaths not known, Leaves 19 to 14 in. long, 1:5 % 2 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; unequally narrowed at the base into a short 2 in. broad petiole; ending above in a subulate seabrous point with the margins recurved, sometimes con- tracted below the tip; slightly seabrous above, especially on marginal veins, smooth beneath; edges not seabrous; main vein narrow, shining, secondary veins 10 to 12, not conspicuous, intermediate 3 to 5; leuf-sheaths appressed, hairy, somewhat keeled, ending in a narrow callus, and truncate at the edges where they meet the ligule; ligule 2 to :3 in. long, very deeply cleft in the middle into two elongate rounded lobes, bearing long stiff ciliz. — Јодотезсетев on long spicate leafy branches bearing very distant heads of few spikelets, many sterile; rachis roughish. Spikelete 1 to 2 in. long, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 35 glabrous, lanceolate, bearing 2 to 4 empty glumes, then 3 to 5 fertile flowers, then 1 to 2 imperfect ones; empty glumes ovate, mucronate, striate; flowering glumes *8 in. long, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous without, sometimes minutely hairy within, mucronate, many- nerved; palea shorter than flowering glumes, oblong, acute, bifid at the apex, keels only very minutely ciliate near the tip, many-nerved between; rachille glabrous, club- shaped, short. Lodicules 3, two 78 in. long, somewhat one-sided, lanceolate, long fimbriate; the third ovate, acute, shorter; all many-nerved. Stamens hardly exserted, anthers long, rarrow, setose-apiculate. Ovary somewhat elongato, hairy above, the style soon dividing into three plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Singapore: collected in 1890 by H. N. Ridley (No. 1693) at Bukit Timah. The very long smooth spikelet, bifid palea, long lodicules and remarkable ligule characterise this species, which I have placed next to В. Tulda, nutans and teres on account of the character of the spikelets, though the culm-sheaths are not known. РглтЕ No. 82.—Bambusa Ridleyi, Gamble. 1, leaf and flower branch; 2, part of flower spike—of natural size; 3, leaf-sheath; 4, spikelet; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicules; 8, anther; 9, ovary and stigmas—enlarged (from specimen in Singapore Botanical Garden Herbarium). 5. BAMBUSA BURMANICA, n. sp. Gamble. A large handsome bamboo. Culms up to 50 or 60 ft. in height and 4 in. in diameter, dull green, strong, nearly solid; nodes not much swollen, marked by a white ring of hairs below them; internodes 12 іп, long or more. Cudm-sheaths of young plants green, turning yellow at the edges, covered with appressed golden hairs on the sides, glabrous on the back, rather broader than long, rounded above; imperfect blade short, broad, cuspidate, cordately rounded at base and then again widening out into large rounded fringed auricles; Пуше short, entire, Leaves of young plants 10 to 12 in, long, 15 to 2 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, white-hairy on both surfaces, but less so above; Jeaf-sheaths striate, very pubescent, furnished with a large rounded fringed auricle; when older 8 to 10 in. long by 1 to 15 in. broad, linear-lanceolate, smooth above, whitish and pubescent beneath, unequally attenuate or rounded at base. into a very short 71 in, petiole, ending above in a subulate, setaceous, twisted, scabrous point, scabrous on the edges; main vein prominent, secondary veins 7 to 8, intermediate 5 to 8, many pellucid glands; leu f-sheath nearly glabrous, reddish-brown, keeled, ciliate on the edges, truncate at top with a small deciduous auricle and deciduous cilie; ligule short, minutely dentate. Inflorescence a panicle of spicate branches, bearing heads of few spikelets in the axils of smooth, 1 in. long, truncate bracts; rachis slender, wiry, pubescent above. Spikelets up to 1 in. Jong, narrow, many-flowered; empty glumes 2, striate, minutely hairy within, mucronate; fertile flowers 5 to 6; flowering glumes ovate acute, mucronate, many-nerved ; palea ovate, elliptic, 2.keeled, white ciliate on the keels, 4 to 5 prominent veins between, edges overlapping; terminal 1 or 2 flowers imperfect; rachilla short, thick, glabrous except a ciliate ring at the top. Lodicules 3, two bluntly and oliquely truncate, thickened at base 5- to 6-nerved, the third rhomboidal, narrowed at base, thinner. Stamens with ñayra anthers ending in an apiculate point. Ovary stalked, cylindric, truncate, white- hairy on top; style very short; stigmas 3, pubescent. Caryopsis 3 in. long, smooth except the hairy top which is crowned by a persistent style, grooved on one side, Axx. Вот. Bor. Garp. Олісстта, Vor. УП. 36 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Upper Burma, in the Katha distriet, found on dry hill slopes. This handsome species flowered in 1890, and seeds were largely collected and distributed by J. W. Oliver, Conservator of Forests, from which many plants were reared at Dehra Dún and elsewhere. Не also sent flowering specimens which were rather poor and hardly sufficient for description. The name is Thaikwa or thaikwagyi (?) and it is just possible that it may prove to be identical with Bambusa villosula, Kurz. Oliver describes it as a large species, considerably larger than В, Тида (also known аз Thaikwa). Prate No. 33.—Ватбиза burmanica, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower panicle; 3, culm-sheath from young plant—of natural size; 4, leaf-sheath of young plant; 5, spikelet (young); 6, flower; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicules; 10, anther; ll, ovary, style and stigmas; 12, the same, older; 13, caryopsis—all enlarged. (Nos. 3 and 4 from specimens cultivated in Dehra Dún; rest from Olivers Burma collection). 6. BAMBUSA POLYMORPHA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi, 98. A large evergreen tufted bamboo, sometimes leaf-shedding in dry seasons. Culms in dense clumps, 50 to 80 ft. high, 3 to 6 in. in diameter, grey to greyish-green, white-scurfy when young; nodes thickened, lower ones fibrous-rooted ; internodes 15 in. to 2 ft. long; naked below, much branched above and curving outwards. Culm-sheaths thick, 6 to 7 in. long, 12 to 14 in. broad, covered on the back with densely and closely appressed white pubescence, sub-attenuate upwards and curvedly truncate at about 5 to 6 in. in breadth; imperfect blade reniform, concave, cuspidate, about 3 in. long and much broader, the lower part plaited and long ciliate, then rounded at the base and again widening into a broad band lining the top of the sheath, and produced beyond it in falcate auricles often one upwards, the other down, the whole fringed with long rough bristles; ligule narrow, entire. Leaves small, linear, thin, 3 to 7 in. long, “3 to ‘5 in. broad; somewhat unequally rounded or attenuate at the base into a very short, hardly *05 in., petiole; ending above in a short, subulate, scabrous point; at first hairy on both surfaces, especially below, afterwards nearly glabrous; somewhat scabrous above and on the margins and main vein; secondary veins 4 to 6 on either side faint, intermediate 7; leaf-sheaths keeled, compressed, striate, hairy, ending in a callus and a minute auricle furnished with а few long deciduous bristles; ligule very short. Inflorescence a much-branched panicle, with curving spikes of frequent heads bearing few spikelets surrounded by brownish, glabrous, mucronate, chaffy bracts; rachis smooth, the upper part covered with appressed whitish pubescence, ultimate segments very slender, wiry. Spikelets shining, often brownish, '4 to 5 in. long, in lower heads 5 to 6, number gradually decreasing upwards, somewhat pedicellate and enclosed in a long, curved, glabrous bract; empty glumes 1 to 3, ovate- mucronate, then 2 to 3 fertile flowers, then a terminal imperfect flower supported by a long, flattened, glabrous rachilla; lowering glumes ovate-mucronate, many-nerved ; palea somewhat longer, lanceolate, acute at top, keels not ciliate. Lodicules 3, sub-orbicular, short-fimbriate all round, 3—5-nerved, one smaller than the others. Stamens partly exserted ; anthers purple, usually blunt, but sometimes apiculate. Ovary obovate, hairy at top, style soon dividing into З shortly-white-hairy stigmas. Curyopsis ovate, ‘2 in. long, depressed, flattened on one side, rounded on the other, hairy above, ending in a short hairy muero formed by the base of the style. Kurz For, Fl. Burma ii. 553. INDIAN BAMBUSE.E ; GAMBLE. 37 Eastern Bengal and Burma. А common species in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban, often associated with teak, extending north-westwards into Sylhet. This species was originally collected in flower by Brandis in 1862, in Zamayi forests, and afterwards by Kurz at Thaukyegat in 1871. It is also said to have recently flowered in the Bassein forests. It is known locally as Kyathaungwa (Burmese) апа is considered the best kind for the walls, floor and roofs of houses in Lower Burma. It is cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden (No. 6 in the bamboo grove) and though apparently it is so common a species in Burma, it is strange that it has been so seldom collected. The flowering panicles resemble at first sight those of В. arundinacea, but its chief characteristics are the very much ciliate, wavy-auricled and appressed white hairy sheaths, the small leaves, and absence of cilie to the palea. Munro speaks of the flowers being moncecious or even diceious, but the many spikelets I have examined have all proved hermaphrodite. С. Mann's specimens from Protabgarh, Sylhet, called Betuá and Jáma betuá (Bengali) belong, I consider, to tbis species. РглтЕ No. 34.—Bambusa polymorpha, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower panicle—of natural size; З, culm-sheath—reduced to about 1; 4, do. when young—of natural size; 5, leaf-sheaths; 6 & 7, spikelets; 8, empty glume; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea; 1, lodieules; 12, anthers; 13, terminal imperfect flower; 14, ovary with stigmas ; 15, caryopsis—all enlarged. (АП from Kurz specimens.) 7. BAMBUSA PALLIDA, Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 97. A graceful bamboo growing in thick clumps, Culms 40 to 60 ft. high, 2 to 3 in. in diameter, very smooth, olive green, the young shóots covered with white powder ; nodes not very prominent; internodes 18 to 30 in. long, walls thin. Cudm-sheaths 7 to 12 in. long, about 10. in. broad, usually only little attenuate upwards, and very straightly truncate at top, only when young somewhat roundedly truncate, glabrous or covered with appressed white hairs when young; imperfect blade very long, usual. ly longer than the sheath, often 14 in. triangular-acuminate from a broad base which covers nearly the whole top of the sheath, slightly rounded at the edges and then furnished with quite small rounded auricles, the auricles and lower part of the margins furnished with bristles ; sparsely appressed black hairy without, glabrous or slightly hairy within; ligule very narrow. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 8 in. long, “5 to "8 in. broad, rounded or subcuneate at the base, with a very short, hardly :1 in. long petiole; furnished above with a subulate, twisted, scabrous point; glabrous above, except for the scabrous marginal veins, pale, often nearly white and hirsute beneath ; scabrous on the margins; main veins conspicuous, shining, secondary veins 4 to 6, rarely more, intermediate 7 to 9; lea/-sheaths glabrous, striate, ending in a prominent smooth callus, and furnished with a rounded erect auricle fringed with a few stiff long bristles, and quickly deciduous; ligule very short. Inflorescence a large branching, very pale panicle, with spicate branchlets bearing heads with many sterile and few fertile pale spikelets; rachis fistular, that of branchlets slender, wiry, glabrous. Spikelets pale, 1 to 1:3 in. long, sometimes curved, bearing usually 1 to 2 small ovate- acute empty glumes, then 1 male or gemmiparous glume, then 3 to 8 fertile flowers, then 3 to 5 imperfect ones gradually decreasing in size; rachilla short, club-shaped, 38 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GAKDEN, CALCUTTA. ciliate at top; flowering glume ovate-acute, mucronate, many-nerved, glabrous, minutely pubescent within; palea much shorter, acute, 2-keeled, shortly ciliate on the keels, 3 to 5 veins between them. Lodicules З, oblong or narrowly obovate, two rather unequally- sided, large, and the third acute, smaller, all somewhat thickened at base and veined. Stamens hardly exserted, anthers narrow, apiculate, with 1 or 2 long hairs or not. Ovary narrowly oblong, attenuate upwards into a hairy thickened s¢y/e which soon branches into 3 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not seen. В. critica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 950. DENDROCALAMUS cmrirICUS, Kurz Рог. Fl. Burma п. 559. Northern and Eastern Bengal, Assam, Upper Burma, extending down to Kamba- lataung in the Pegu Yoma. It is apparently wild in the hills up to 5,000 or 6,000 feet and cultivated in the plains beiow. This species is, as Munro remarks, like В. Tulda, and consequently sometimes difficult to distinguish from that species and В. nutans; but the very characteristic culm- sheaths, the narrow leaves, and the attenuate ovary really at once distinguish it. Flower- ing specimens were collected by Hooker and Thomson in Eastern Bengal in 1850 on cultivated plants; and, so far as I am aware, 1 has not again been found in flower till collected in the Barduar forest, Kamrüp, Assam, in 1890. by Paniram Dás for С. Mann. These specimens bear the native name Makal (Assamese). Leaf specimens were collected also by Hooker and Thomson in Cachar (native name Burwal, bukhal), and at Jowye, Khasia Hills, 9,500 feet (native name Usken, Khasia) Besides the flowering specimens referred to above, I identify as this the following with only leaves and culm- sheaths sent by G. Mann from Assam in 1890: from Sibsagar (cultivated under names Walkthai (Assamese), Watot (Каса); from Kakadanga river, Naga Hiils (wild), under names Waikthai (Assamese), Tesero (Naga); from the foot of the Mikir Hills (wild) under names Jowa (Assamese), Lofo:(Mikir); from Shillong, Khasia Hills, (cultivated) under names Us£en, seskien, skhen (Khasia) ; from Jowai, 4,000 feet, and Sundai Hill in the Jaintia Hills under names Usken, skhen, лепу (Khasia); from Charduar forest, Darrang district, under name Bijli (Assamese). I also identify as this species the bamboo collected by myself in 1880 in British Bhutan in the Reyoong and Rilli valleys at 3,000 feet under the name Psi (Lepcha); that collected by Т. Anderson in the Teesta valley, 600 to 1,500 feet, in 1868, and called Pushee ; that collected by Kurz in the Great Rangit valley under the same name; and that found at Pedong, 3,000 fect, under the name Bongshing (Bhutia) ; - as well as the one collected by С. А. Gammie at Mongpoo under the name Pashipo (Lepeha); and I find that on T. Anderson's specimens in Calcutta Herbarium, Munro has noted them as ‘very like В. рада. I also identify as this a specimen (No. 273) from the Dikrung valley, Daphla Hills, found by J. L. Lister in 1874. Finally, it has recently been received from J. W. Oliver from the moist, evergreen forests of the Bhamo district, Upper Burma, at 800 feet, under the names Gyawa (Burmese), Madankran, maipyu (Kachin); and after carefully reading Kurz description in the Forest Flora of Burma and examiuing his specimens and his drawing of the culm-sheath, I conclude that his Dendrocalamus criticus from the Kambalataung, the highest point of the Респ Yoma Range, is in all probability this species also. In Assam it is used for many рагровев-- for building, for making baskets and mats and for vessels to hold water. Prarg No. 35.—Bambusa pallida, Munro. 1, leaf-branch ; + part of flowering panicle—of natural size ; 3, culm-sheath— reduced ; 4, leaf-sheath ; 5, spikelet ; 6, fertile flower; 7, palea; 8 & 9, lodieules; 10, anther; T ovary, style. m stigmas—all enlarged. (Nos. 1, 2, 6 from Hooker's specimens; rest fiot С. Mann’s.) INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 99 .8. Вамвова AFFINIS, Munro in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxvi. 93. А. low, tufted, evergreen, shrubby bamboo. Culms 15 to 90 ft. high by 1 to 19 in. in diameter, pale green or striped green and white, striate, appressed- pubescent ; nodes slightly thickened, marked with black hairs below ; internodes 1 to 2 ft. long, hollow. Culm-sheaths 4 to 6 іп. long by as much broad, bright green when young, afterwards straw-coloured, glabrous or with small patches of brown, appressed hairs, rounded at top; imperfect blade 1 to 2 in. long, 79 to “5 in. broad, longer on young shoots, lanceolate, usually recurved, appressed-brown-hairy within, slightly rounded at base and decurrent in a very narrow entire wing on the top of the sheath; буш narrow, entire. Leaves 6 to 10 in. long, 1 to 15 in, broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or attenuate at base into a '2 in. long petiole; acuminate above in a scabrous twisted point; smooth above, except the scabrous points on marginal veins, scabrid below and pale-coloured, scabrous on the edges; main vein rather prominent, secondary veins 8 to 10, intermediate 6 to 8, pellucid glands many, giving the appearance of trans- verse veinlets beneath; Jeaf-sheaíhs striate, the back covered with stiff brown hairs, keeled, ending above in a short callus, and produced beyond it to a length of 1 to #2 in. to meet the broad ligule. Inflorescence a terminal spike or panicle, usually on leafy branchlets ; rachis glabrous, 4 to 7 in. long in the internodes, which bear 2 to 3 branchlets with few shining, about 1 in. long, coriaceous spikelets in small verticils. Spikelets 6- to 10-flowered, very glossy, pale brown; rachille short, shortly bearded at the apex, striate ; flowering glume long, acuminate, more than 20-nerved, folded at the base; palea much narrower, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 7-nerved between them, 4-nerved outside. JLodicules З, rather thick, the two larger ones often united at the base, many-nerved and somewhat folded. Ovary almost obovate, almost hairy at tho apex and tapering into a sfyle cleft into three stigmas. Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 551. Eng Forests of Martaban in Burma, east of the river Sittang. | This is usually а shrubby species, in habit not unlike В. lineata, but the spikelets, which unfortunately I have never been able to examine, are very different. Munro, quoting Brandis, who obtained it in flower in the Yónzalin valley under the namo Theeshe, describes it as scandent; but Kurz, who must have known it growing, calls it a low bushy species, and this is the character it shows in cultivation in Calcutta, where it. is common in the Botanic Garden on the edge of the muddy river bank, Kurz gives the name ‘ Thaikwa,” the same as that of B. Tuida and В. burmanica. I regret that I am unable to figure the flowers. : Prae No. 36.—Bambusa айпи, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm-sheath ; 3, leaf. sheath—of natural size. (from Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, living specimens), 9, BAMBUSA KHASIANA, Munro in. Trans, Linn. Soc. xxvi. 97. A graceful bamboo with single culms from a creeping rootstock, Culms 30 to 40 ft, high, 1 to 14 in. in diameter, fistular, rather soft, sometimes variegated with айга blotches when young, dark olive green, with a whitish ring below the node and a bluish ring above, clothed with appressed golden hairs when young, after- wards smooth; nodes not prominent; internodes 5 to 15 in., walls thin, -1 to “3 in. thick; — Culm-sheaths 5 to 6 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, striate, covered with dense tawny appressed hairs, straight, truncate at the top which is but little narrower 40 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. than the base; imperfect blade as long or longer than the sheath, middle portion thickened, narrow (1 in. at base) cuspidately acuminate, the sides widened out into large inflated membranous wings, broadly rounded on the top of the sheath; Jdigule narrow, ‘05 in. long. Leaves pale coloured, 4 to 9 in. long, 1 to 1°5 broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at base into а 2 to :3 in. petiole; ending above in a subulate, setaceous, shaggy point; glabrous on both sides; main veins prominent, secondary veins 6 to 8, inconspicuous, intermediate 5 to 7; Jleaf-sheaíhs glabrous, striate, ending in a broad callus and a minute auricle furnished with a few long very deci- duous slender bristles; gule elongate, truncate. Inflorescence a very elongated panicle, with spicate branchlets, bearing distant heads of few spikelets partly short sterile, partly long fertile; rachis smooth, rather soft, striate. Spikelets "6 to "8 in. long; at first cylindric, then flattened, glabrous, bearing 1 to 4 empty glumes or gemmiparous glumes, then 2 to 3 fertile flowers, then 1 to 2 terminal imperfect flowers, rachilla striate; empty glumes short, ovate mucronate, darker at edges, glabrous, veins promi- nent; flowering glume similar but longer and hairy within at the point, about 11- to 13-nerved ; palea as long as or longer than the flowering glume, many-nerved, short ciliate on the keels. .Lodicules ovate-orbicular, blunt, many-nerved, very shortly fimbriate. Stamens with obtuse anthers. Ovary linear-oblong, attenuate into a style with З long narrow stigmas. Caryopsis not seen. Khasia and Jaintia Hills, Assam, also Manipur. Collected in June 1850 by Hooker and Thomson at Jasper Hill, Mahadeb, (No. 496) and at Churra (No. 1097)—2,000 to 4,000 ft.; leaves and culm-sheaths by G. Mann in 1889 near Jowai and Sundai, Jaintia Hills, 1,000 to 4,000 ft. It was also collected in flower by C. B. Clarke at Jaintiapur, 1,000 ft., in 1885 (No. 42454), and at Manipur (No. 42322). Thus, the known flowering years were 1850 and 1885, In describing this species from the specimens at Kew, Munro has taken the culm- sheaths on the sheet of Hooker’s No. 496 as. belonging to it, but in reality they belong to Arundinaria Griffithiana. Mann’s specimens, which bear the names Serim, бугай (Khasia), Титай (Naga), Wa-chiusa (Cachari) Bewar (Mikir), Chaltur (Kuki), consist of leaves which agree in every respect with those of Hooker’s specimens; and I have therefore no reason to doubt that they, with their extraordinary culm-sheaths, belong here. Hooker's specimens bore the native names Tumar, tomar, but those sent by Mann as “ Bambusa khasiana-Tumoh (Khasia)" are another species altogether. The remarkable sheaths, shaggy tips to the leaves, and long distantly-flowered fistular panicles characterize this bamboo, which is said by Mann to be used in ч huts and for basket-work in general. | Prare Ко. 3T.—Bambusa khasiana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle; 3, summit of young shoot showing culm-sheaths—of natural size; 4, leaf- sheaths ; 5, apex of leaf; 6, spikelet; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicule; 10, anthers; 11, ovary and stigmas—enlarged. (Nos. 2, 4, 5 from Hookers specimens, Nos. 1, 2 from G. Mann’s, rest from C. B. Clarke’s.) 10. Bampusa nana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25 (1814). | A thickly growing, evergreen, cæspitose shrub. Culms glabrous, smooth, 6 to 10 ft. high, 5 to 1 in. in diameter, green when young, afterwamls y ellow, hard, much ^ INDIAN BAMBUSEX; GAMBLE. 41 branched from the base; nodes rather prominently thickened ; internodes usually 8 to 15 in. long. Culm-sheaths green at first, then yellow, stiff, glabrous, striate, 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, slightly attenuate upwards and rounded at the top; imperfect blade 2 to 3 in. long, linear, acuminate, decurrent at the base on either side along the rounded part of the sheath, somewhat black, appressed-hairy or glabrous above, hairy beneath, deciduously ciliate on the edges; ligule narrow, entire. Leaves distichous, 2 to 4 in. long, 5 in. broad, linear-lanceolate ; narrowed in a rounded or slightly tapering base into a very short petiole; above ending in a subulate twisted point; smooth above, whitish or glabrous and minutely pubescent beneath; main vein faint, pale beneath, secondary veins 3 to 6, intermediate 7 to 8, по transverse veinlets, but very faint pellucid glands; /eaf-sheaths smooth, striate, ending in a prominent callus and auricled at the mouth, the auricle fringed with a few long stiff bristles; ligule short. Jn- Jlorescence a, rather short, diffuse, leafy panicle with few spikelets solitary or clustered. Spikelets “5 to 15 in. long, 2 in. broad, very glabrous, straw-coloured, bearing 5 or more flowers, separated by glabrous, flattened, “1 to "2 in. long rachille, the terminal flower only imperfect; empty glumes попе, or very rarely one; flowering glumes *6 to 7 in., glabrous, many-nerved, ovate-acute ; palea shorter than flowering glume, 2-keeled, minutely ciliate only at the tip, many-nerved. Гофкиез 3, unequal, “1 to ‘2 in. long, entire, linear, somewhat concave or thickened below, usually 2-nerved. Stamens exserted, pendulous ; anthers blunt or slightly apiculate, yellow. Ovary obovate, rough, pubescent above; style very short, almost immediately dividing into 3 long feathery stigmas. Cary- opsis elliptic, furrowed, roughly hairy above, and ending in a short beak, Пот, Fi. Ind. ii. 190; Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5036; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 89; Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 551: Ind. Forester i. 339; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 719. BAMBUSA GLAUCA, Loddig. Cat. et Lindl. in Penny Сус. (1835); Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. 1355 ; BAMBUSA CÆSIA, Sieb. $ Zucc., according to Munro, DAMBUSA GLAUCESCENS, Sieb. Cat., fide Munro. BAMBUSA STERILIS, Kurz in Mig. Апп. Mus. Во. Lugd. Bat. ii. 985. BAMBUSA VIRIDI-GLAUCESCENs, Carr, in Ве». Horlic. (1869) 292. Івснгкоснтол FLORIBUNDA, Визе іп Mig, Pl. Jungh. 390; Mig. РІ. Ind. Bat. ii. 492. ARUNDINARIA GLAUCESCENS, P. de Beaw. Agros. 144; Rim. and Sch. Syst. Veg. ii. 846; Nees Agros. Bras. 526 ; Kunth Enum. 426; Rupr. Bamb. 23, tab. 1, fig. 3; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1841) 19; Steudel Syn. 334; Zoll. Cat. 56; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 413; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 22. LUDOLFIA GLAUCESCENS, Willd. Mag. Gesellsch. Nat. Freunde Berlin (1808 J 390 ; Sprneg. Syst. Veg. i. 328; Link Hort. Berol. 1. 102, ii. 308. PANICUM ARBORESCENS, Lam. Enc. Meth. iv. 749. PANICUM ARBORESCENS, Linn. according to Nees., but Munro points out that Вот. and Sch. say P. ARBORESCENS and GLAUCESCENS, Lam. and of gardens, not of Linn, TRIGLOSSUM ARUNDINACEUM, Fisch, and Кот. and Sch. Syst. Veg. 846. A native of China and Japan, cultivated in India, Malaya, and Ceylon in various places, such as the Royal Botanic Gardens at Calcutta and Peradeniya, in Chittagong, Madras, Rangoon, Singapore and elsewhere. The Chinese bamboo. . I have been in.doubt whether to describe this species, but as it is admitted by Roxburgh and Kurz, I think it best to include it, and to figure it, as also the similarly introduced and more common Bambusa vulgaris. lt makes excellent stiff, closely-grow- ing hedges, and is hardy. Kurz gives the Burmese name as Pa-lau-pinan-wa, and the Malay names as Bamboo tjcenah aloos, bamboo hower tjeenah. Specimens sent by L. Wray Јане (Хо. 1560) from Gunong Brumbu, Pahang, 7,000 feet, give the Malay паше as Bulu perindu: it is not said whether they were from cultivated plants or not. Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. 42 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. PrarE No. 38.—Bambusa nana, Roxb, 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-panicle; 3 & 4, culm-sheaths—of natural size; 5 & 6, spikelet ; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicules; 10, anther; 11, ovary and stigmas; 12, caryopsis—enlarged. (No.4 from Kurz picture in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, the rest from my own or Kurz specimens.) 11. ЗВамвова Вагсоол, Rorb. Hort. Deng. 95 (1814). A tall, stout, cæspitose bamboo. Culms dull greyish-green, 50 to 70 ft. high, 3 to 6 in. in diameter, branched from the base, the lower nodes giving off leafless, hard branchlets ; nodes swollen, with a whitish ring above them, hairy below; internodes 8 to 18 in. long, walls thick. Culm-sheaths of two descriptions; lower ones short and broad, densely appressed-hairy on the upper surface, ciliate on the edges and on the rounded top; imperfect blade short, triangular, decurrent into short, fringed auricles ; upper ones 10 to 14 in. long, 8 to 10 in. broad, almost glabrous, striate, truncate above, ciliate on the edges; imperfect blade 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad, sharp at the apex and with recurved margins, closely hairy below, striate above, rounded at the base, and then again decurrent on the sheath in а narrow band bearing a few long ciliate hairs; Пуше 79 to *3 in. broad, dentate. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 12 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; rounded or subcordate at the base into a short petiole; the apex with a twisted, scabrous, setaceous point; glabrous above, pale beneath and hairy when young, especially below; scabrous-ciliate on both edges; main vein prominent, shining beneath, secondary veins 7 to 11, intermediate 6 or 7, many pellucid glands which often give the appearance of prominent transverse veinlets on the lower surface ; /eaf-sheath striate, appressed-white-hairy, truncate above with a narrow callus, and sometimes furnished with a very few stiff waved deciduous bristles; ligule membranous, broadly triangular. Inflorescence а large compound panicle, bearing spieate branches with bracteate heads of spikelets ; rachis pubescent or scurfy, striate, swollen above, Spikelets ovoid, lanceolate, flattened, *3 to "6 in. long, 2 to :3 in. broad, with 0 to 2 empty glumes, then 4 to 6 hermaphrodite flowers, then a terminal imperfect flower on а short flattened rachilla ; empty glumes ovate-acute many-nerved; flowering glumes similar but larger and ciliate on the edges; palea as long as flowering glume, ovate-acute, 2-keeled, long ciliate on the keels, indistinctly veined. Lodicules 3, ovate or obovate, 3- to 5-nerved, fimbriate on the edges. Stamens hardly exserted, anthers glabrous, the connective ending | in a short, dark, sometimes hairy point. Ovary broadly ovoid, acuminate, hairy, with a hairy style branching into three long plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not seen. Rozb. РІ. Ind. її. 196: Icon, ined. 1402; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 100; Brandis For. Flora 967. Bampusa capensis, Ruprecht Bamb. 54, tab. xiii. fig. 54; Steudel Syn. 330. В. vASARIA, Herb, Нат. in Wali. Cat. 5025. Denprocatamus Вапсоод, Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 718. Assam, Lower Bengal and Bihar extending to Goruckpore. Cultivated at the Cape of Good Hope, and not uncommon in gardens there. | | This well-marked bamboo is recognized by the large culm-sheaths which resemble those of Dendrocalamus Hamiltoni, by tne long leafless shoots given off from the lower nodes, by the leaves with rounded bases and hairy sheaths, the flattened soft spikelets and long stigmas. It is probably the best and strongest species for building purposes, and is greatly esteemed iu Caleutta, but it is not kakama, and would hardly be chosen INDIAN BAMBUSE.E; GAMBLE. 43 to plant for ornamental purposes, It is much used for scaffolding, and is very durable if well seasoned by immersion iu water. It is called Balku bans (Bengali) and Раша (Assamese); and to this species I attribute specimens sent by G. Mann under the names Sil baría, teli вата, from Sylhet, атлай, beru from the Garo Hills, and those collected by myself in the Western Duars under the name Zoro bans. It has been but rarely collected in flower: once by Roxburgh and once by Hamilton; by Hooker in the Purnea district .in 1849; by С. Mann іп Goalpara іп 1876; in Kamráp (Pani Ram Das, collector) in 1889; and by Captain Wood, Conservator of Forests, in Goruckpore, in 1881. Ртлте Хо. 39.— Bambusa Baleooa, Roxb. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, part of flower-panicle— of natural size; З & 4, culm-sheaths—reduced ; 5, leaf-sheath ; 6, spikelet; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicule; 10, anther; 11, ovary with style and stigmas enlarged. (No. 2 from Mann’s Goalpara specimens; rest from Calcutta Botanic Garden specimens.) SECTION II. 19. BAMBUSA VULGARIS, Schrad. in Wendl. Collect. Pl. ii. 96, 1. 47. A moderate-sized bamboo with rather distant culms. Culms bright green, yellow, or striped green and yellow, polished, shining, 20 to 50 ft. high, 2 to 4 in. in diameter or more, early branching; nodes hardly raised, but having a narrow ring usually covered with brown hairs; internodes 10 to 18 in, long; walls rather thin. Culm- sheaths 6 to 10 in. long, 7 to 9 in. broad, often beautifully streaked when young with green and yellow, rounded at top and concavely truncate, striate, clothed on the upper surface with thick appressed brown hairs, edges ciliate ; imperfect blade somewhat triangular, acute, 2 to 6 in. long and up to 4 in. broad, appressed-hairy on both . surfaces, margins revolute, rounded at the base and decurrent on the sheath, finally ending on both sides in a round, faleate, conspicuous auricle which is fringed by wavy stiff bristles; ligule "2 to ‘3 in. broad, dentate, sometimes long-fimbriate. Leaves linear- lanceolate, pale green, 6 to 10 in, long, 7 to 17 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a '2 in. long petiole; endin& above in a long twisted scabrous point; glabrous on both surfaces, except occasionally somewhat hairy beneath when young; scabrous on the margin and on adjacent nerves; main vein narrow, pale, secondary veins 6 to 8, intermediate 8 to 9, frequent pellucid glands giving the appearance beneath of transverse veinlets; Jeaf-sheaths striate, laxly hairy, ending in a smooth ciliate callus and а smooth rounded auricle with very few deciduous bristles; ligule short, shortly ciliate. Inflorescence a large leafy compound panicle bearing spicate branches ih heads of spikelets in bracteate clusters of З to 10, the clusters larger at the nodes ; rachis rounded or somewhat furrowed, scurfy, end segments hairy. Spikelets .6 to -8 in. long, oblong, acute, compressed, having the appearance of being bifid down the middle; bearing 1 to 2 empty glumes, then 6 to 10 flowers, and finally an imperfect flower ; rachillz cuneate, glabrous, not apparent ; empty glumes ovate-acute, ciliate at tip, many-nerved ; flowering glumes similar but larger; palea as long as, or a little longer than, flowering glume, bluntly acute, 2-keeled, white-ciliate on the keels, faintly 3-nerved. Lodicules unequal, usually two, ovate-oblong, the third longer, acute, long white-ciliate, 3-veined, very membranous. Stamens exserted, purple; anthers narrow, blunt, hairy, apiculate. Ovary narrowly oblong, hairy, surmounted by a long, thin, hairy style divided near the top into 3 short plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Roth Nov. Axn. Вот. Вот. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 4+ ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Plant. Spec. 198 [1821] (excl. Syn. Roem. and Sch. Syst. Veg. 1837 according to Munro); Rupr. Bamb. 47, tab. xi. fig. 47; Steudel Syn. 329; Griseb. Fl. Вт. W. Ind. 528; Му. Fl. Ind. Bat. Ші. 417; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Flora 299; Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 106; Beddome Flora Sylv. cexxxii; Brandis For. Flora 568; Kurz For. Fl. Burma її, 551 (in analysis): Ind. Forester i. 339; Rivière Les bambous 191, figs. 18, 19. Вамвоза THovarsn, Kunth Not. Gen. Bambusa in Journ. de Phys. 148 (1822); Syn. Pl. Ж ит. 1. 252 :.Кер. Gram, i. 323 % 73, 74: Enum. 431: Suppl. 856; Rupr. Bamb. 48, tab. xi. fig. 48; Steudel Syn. 399 ; Desf. Cat. 92 (1829); Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. 1847; Nees m Linn. 466; Taw. Enum. РІ. Zeyl. 875; C. P. 3252. BAMBUSA SURINAMENSIS, Rupr. Ватб. 49, tab. xi. fig. 49; Steudel Syn. 329. Вамвова Srepert, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 928. Вамвова HUMILIS, Reich. MS. (teste Rupr. Ват. 50). BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA, Moon Cat. 26; Ай. Hort. Kew. Ed. ii, 316. Вамвоза, Wall. Cut. 5084. BAMBUSA STRIATA, Loddiges ; Munro т Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 121; Curtis Bot. Mag. xxx. 1874, %. 6079 (vaR. STRIATA). Nasrus Тногаввп, Spr. Syst. Veg. ii. (1825) 113. Cultivated and run wild over the warmer parts of India, Burma, Мајауа, and Ceylon. Its original country is uncertain ; but 16 is found in Java and the Moluccas generally, in Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, the Cape, St. Helena, and Algeria, the West Indian Islands, Mexico, Central and South America ; and it is cultivated in most tropieal gardens and in hothouses in Europe, as in the Royal Gardens at Kew and the Glasnevin Gardens at Dublin. The “Index Kewensis” mentions Mexico as its indigenous locality, and Kunth (Rev. Gram.) gives Madagascar and Bourbon. Obtained in flower by Thwaites (Ceylon) in 1863; by E. G. Chester (Chittagong) in 1879; by Hooker (Chittagong) in 1851; by King (Calcutta Botanic Garden) in 1890; by Ridley (Singapore Garden) in 1892; and by others without date given. Var. striata is rather smaller in size, has the culms striped with yellow and green, the branchlets yellow, and the leaves somewhat smaller and paler, otherwise it does not appear to differ from the ordinary green kind. It appears to come from China and Japan, and is probably the result of cultivation. Though not indigenous, this bamboo is so common in India that any work which proposed to assist in identifying species would be incomplete without reference to it. Dalzell and Gibson refer to it as if it were wild, though there is some doubt about the vernacular name Kulluk given by them, for all the specimens I have received under that name have proved tobe B. arundinacea. It is cultivated in the Poona and Satara districts, but not in the south, according to Talbot, In Bengal it is known as Basini or bansini, that is, ‘female bamboo’ (see Babu Protapa Chandra Ghose in Journ. Agri.-Hortl. Soc. Calcutta, Vol. VIIN.S., p. ха). It is common іп Chittagong and there known as Виа. Specimens received from Khorda, Orissa, from Babu Sree Dhur Chakravarti, bear the name JSundrogai. In Ceylon it is called Una, and used for building purposes. According to Kurz, the Malays distinguish four varieties according to the colour of the culms and branches, viz.— Var. 1. Culms and branches green— Hower hedyoo, hower gullies, ampel. __„ 2. Culms yellow or occasionally striped—Hower konneng, koonieng, „ 9. Culms yellow and green striped—Hower sehah, kooda, _ » 4. Culms green, blo/ched with black when old— Тооѓоо. INDIAN BAMBUSEJE ; GAMBLE. 45 Kurz also speaks of it as wild in Java as well as cultivated. There is a long account of it in Rivières ‘Les Bambous’ with excellent pictures of the rhizome and culm-sheath, The part of India in which this species is most common and most. commonly cultivated is probably the Concan, whence specimens have been received. I also identify with this the Bulo pan collected by L. Wray Jr. in Perak (No. 141), also the Wanet (Burmese) sent from Pegu by P. J. Carter and from Tenasserim by W. T. McHarg. The striped variety is very ornamental, and deserves а wider cultivation in gardens in India. At the Saharanpur Botanic Garden it is regularly propagated both by cuttings and by layers. "Гһеге is also another variety, a portion of the culm of which is figured by Kurz in Jnd. Forester, vol. i, in which the internodes are swollen into a flask shape. Prate Ко. 40.—Bambusa vulgaris, Schr. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flowering branch; 8, portion of young culm—of natural size; 4, culm-sheath (var. sériata)— reduced to about +; 5, young branch (var. síríata)—of natural size; 6, leaf-sheath ; 7, Spikelet ; 8, empty glume; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea; 11, lodicule; 12, anther 13, ovary with style and stigmas—en/arged (all from Calcutta Botanic Garden specimens).* | 13, Вамвова Віхонамі, n. sp. Gamble. A wiry bamboo. Culms not known. eaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, "4 to '6 in. broad; rounded at the base into a very short, scarcely "05 to '1 in. long petiole; ending above in a long, acuminate, twisted tip which is not scabrous; smooth on both sides; main vein slender, secondary veins 5 to 6 pairs, intermediate 7; leaf-sheaths smooth, striate, ending in a narrow callus and furnished with a few white stiff cilie at the somewhat produced mouth; ligule very short. Inflorescence a short terminal leafy panicle bearing loose heads of few (2—4) spikelets; rachis short, joints sometimes geniculate, clavate. Spikelets *5 to “б in. long with 1 to 2 empty glumes, 5 to 6 fertile flowers and 1 terminal imperfect one, much flattened, the flowers spreading, distichous ; rachille broad-clavate, flexuose, visible; empty glumes striate, mucronate ; flowering glume ovate-acute, smooth, mucronate, many nerved ; palea as long as flowering glume or, longer, conspicuous, blunt, long-white-fringed on the keels. Lodicules rounded, obtuse, long-ciliate on the upper margins, one edge hardened, 3- to 5-nerved. Stamens partly exserted ; anthers linear, blunt or with a single hair at the apex. Ovary elongate, narrow, hairy above, style very speedily divided into 3 short white plumose stigmas. Caryopsis linear-oblong, beaked, furrowed on one side, hairy on the beak. | Lower Burma: received through Major Bingham, Conservator of Forests іп Tenasserim, from the Nyaungdaungle forest. | Very little is known of this species, which seems not to differ very greatly from the Chinese В. flexuosa, Munro. Its name is Ngachatwa (Burmese). Ртлте No. 41.—Bambusa Binghami, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flowering branch-— of natural size; 3, spikelet ; 4, flowering glume; 5, palea; 6, lodicules; 7, anther ; 8, ovary and ‘stigmas; 9, cary opsis—endarged. ж Plates 73 and 74 of Kunth’s ‘ Revisio Graminum, ” vol. i, are also good. 46 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 14. Влмвоѕл KINGIANA, п. sp. Gamble. A large bamboo. Culms 60 to 70 ft. long, up to 4 in. in diameter. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves 10 to 12 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad, linear-lanceolate ; unequally rounded at the base into a rather thick, 2 to :9 in. long petiole; tip acuminate, scabrous ; smooth above except the scabrous marginal veins, pale and sparsely hairy beneath afterwards glabrous; scabrous on the edges; main vein thick, prominent, shining, secondary veins 10 to 14 pairs, intermediate 5 to 7, pellucid glands giving the appearance of transverse veinlets beneath ; /eaf-sheaths smooth, somewhat striate, ciliate on the edges, ending in a broad shining callus and a very small rounded naked auricle ; ligule rather broad, dentate, often long-fimbriate, one side longer than the other. Inflorescence a compound leafy panicle, bearing spicate branchlets on which are borne somewhat regularly-spaced clusters of few (1 to 6) purple-tipped spikelets ; rachis flexuose, joints flattened on one side, “5 to 1 in. long, pubescent at first, then glabrous, bracts small. Spikelets “5 in. long, 2 in. broad, purplish, flattened, with 2 empty glumes, 4 to 6 fertile flowers, and 1 terminal imperfect flower; rachilla about "1 in. long, clavate, flattened ; empty glumes ovate-acute, mucronate, ciliate at the edges ; flowering glumes similar, but larger; palea oblong, acute or acuminate, long ciliate on the keels, 2-nerved between. JLodicules З, two ovate blunt, one lanceolate, all long- fimbriate, usually 3-nerved. Stamens half exserted; anthers narrow, apiculate with a tuft of 3 or more penicillate hairs. Ovary broadly ovoid, stalked, hairy, surmounted by a short thick style, almost at once separating into З purple plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. | Upper Burma: sent by J. W. Oliver from Petsut, Katha district, under the name Thaikwabo (Burmese). This pretty species has at first the appearance of a Dendrocalamus, but seems to be а true Bambusa. Тһе penicillately tufted anthers are characteristic. I am glad to asso- ciate with it the name of Dr. G, King, under whose auspices and with whose assistance this work has been done. : Prate No. 42.—Bambusa Kingiana, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch —of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicules ; 8, anther; 9, ovary and stigmas; 10, leaf-sheath—en/arged (from J. W. Oliver's specimens). SECTION III. 15. BAMBUSA LINEATA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxvi. 118. A thickly growing, reed-like, large-leaved shrub with short culms. Culms green or green striped with yellow, “5 to 1 in. in diameter, much branching when young, sparsely covered with spreading stiff bristles; nodes marked by a prominent ring, the _ base of the fallen sheath; internodes long, 16 to 24 in., rough, especially below the node. Culm-sheath striped when young, about 6 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad, covered, when young, with appressed golden brown hairs, especially at the base, afterwards nearly glabrous, ciliate on the margins, truncate at top; imperfect blade ovate cuspidate, usually as long as the sheath, 2 in. broad or more, erect, many-nerved, rounded at the base to about *4 in. and then again spreading out in a narrow (2 to '8 in.) band along the top of the sheath, the band long-ciliate, hairy ; ligule “05 in. broad, closely dentate and long-fimbriate. Leaves very variable in size, those on young shoots often 15 in. INDIAN BAMBUSE.E ; GAMBLE. 47 long and up to 3 in. broad; those on older branches and flowering branches 10 to 12 in. long by 1 to 15 im. broad ; stiff, brittle, dull green above, pale beneath, ovate- lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ; unequally rounded at the base into a very short (1 to 2 in.) broad petiole; above ending in a long, twisted, scabrous point ; glabrous above and beneath, except for scabrous points on the marginal veins above ; scabrous-serrate on the edges ; secondary veins 8 to 12, intermediate 5 to 7, many pellucid glands which give the appearance of transverse veinlets beneath; Jea/-sheaths striate, hairy, koeled, truncate at top with no or only a very small callus, ending in long, falcate, deciduous auricles which are fringed with long stiff bristles ; ligule short, very long and stiffly fimbriate. Inflorescence a terminal spike or panicle at the ends of leafy branchlets, bearing clusters of sessile spikelets supported by a truncate bract; rachis rounded or flattened on one side, striate. Spikelets ovate-acute, 74 to *5 in. long, about '2 in. broad, much compressed, and often spirally twisted, bearing usually 1 to 2 empty glumes, then about 10 fertile flowers, then a terminal imperfect flower; rachille short, glabrous ; empty glume ovate, long-mucronate, 5- to 7-veined ; flowering glume similar but longer, and white-ciliate on the margins; palea a little shorter than the flowering glumes, narrow, 2-keeled, minutely ciliate on the keels, sometimes bifid at the apex. Lodicules apparently none. Stamens exserted; anthers narrow, tho connective apiculate with a - penicillate point; filaments often apparently monadelphous but separable. Ovary oblong, whitish, pubescent, gradually passing into an elongated style which is finally divided into three purple plumose s/igmas. Caryopsis not known. Bampusa RUMPHIANA, Kurz іл Journ. Аз. Кос. Beng. xxxix. (1870), 86; Ind. Forester i. 341. Leesa LINEATA, Rumph. Herb. Amb. vi. tab. 1, p. 5. Лева RUMPHIANA, Kurz іп Cat. Hort. Bogor, (1866), 20. Вамвоза Amanussana, В. ATRA, В. раста, В. Prava, ТА, (according to Munro and Kurz.) Throughout the Malay Archipelago and the Moluccas, extending northwards to the Andaman Islands, where it was gathered at Rutland Island by Dr. Prain in December 1890. Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg, Java; at Peradeniya, Ceylon, and at Calcutta. It is found in marshy coast forests. This is a very remarkable species, which Kurz thought would prove to belong to a new genus when the caryopsis is found. It is characterized by its shrubby habit; con- stant flowering; many-flowered, long-mucronate, Bromus-like spikelets; brittle leaves and peculiar culm-sheaths. Kurz in Jnd. Forester i. 341, enumerates 5 varieties bearing the Malay names of Leleba dychat, pootee, ietam, tootool, soorat. I think that the name of B. lineata must take precedence of Kurz’ name of В. Rumphiana, much as it may be regretted; for Rumphius called it Zelba lineata, and Munro published it as Bambusa lineata in the same year (1866) in which Kurz gave it the name of Zelba Rumphiana. I have examined many flowers and failed to find the lodicules, but in a picture by Kurz in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, there are given what I take to be intended for small acute glabrous lodicules, though they may be the bases of the filaments which have themselves disappeared. Тһе fruit also is not known and should be searched for; for though constantly found in flower in the Botanic Gardens at Caleutta and Peradeniya, it has not yet been known to produce seed. Prate No. 43.—Bambusa lineata, Munro. 1, leaf and flower branch; 2, leaf-sheath ; 3 & 4, culm-sheaths, outside young and inside older—of natural size; 5, spikelet ; 6, spikelet, from a Ceylon specimen; 7, empty glume; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 48 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 10, anther; 11, ovary, style and stigmas. (Fig 4. from a picture by W. D. Alwis kindly lent by Dr. Н. Trimen of the Peradeniya Botanic Gardens; the rest, except 6, from fresh Calcutta specimens.) SECTION IV. 16. BAMBUSA SCHIZOSTACHYOIDES, Kurz MS. An evergreen, arboreous, tufted bamboo. Culms 20 to 30 ft. high, З to 4 in. in diam- eter, green, glossy; nodes not thickened; internodes 1:5 to 2 ft. long, walls very thin; branches 1 to 4 from each node, leaf-bearing below, flower-bearing above. Oulm-sheaths unknown. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4 to 7 in. long, “5 to 1:8 in. broad, rounded or attenuaie below into а short 1 in. petiole; above ending in a subulate, twisted, scabrous point; scabrous above along marginal veins and hairy near the base, otherwise smooth; pale and glabrous beneath; scabrous on one or both edges; main vein shining, conspicuous, secondary 5 to 6, intermediate 5; leaf-sheaths striate, hispid at first, then glabrous, ending abruptly without callus, and furnished with 6 to 10 long, white, twisted, stiff bristles on a long faleate auricle, ciliate at the edges; ligule long. . Inflorescence а spicate terminal panicle, bearing bracteate heads of few spikelets; bracts narrow, smooth, truncate or acuminate; rachis truncate, pubescent, joints about 1 in. long. Spzkelets smooth, cylindric, “5 to “б in. long, bearing 1 to 2 empty glumes, then 2 to З fertile flowers, then a terminal imperfect one, rachille short, glabrous; empty glumes ovate, mucronate, many-nerved; flowering glumes similar but longer, “4 in. long, rough above; palea narrow, acuminate, membranous, “5 in. long, 3-nerved on the back, ciliate оп the keels, Lodicules 0 to 3, often wanting, when present lanceolate, rather blunt, 3- to 5-nerved, shortly ciliate, one much largér than the others. Stamens scarcely exserted; anthers purple, 2 to "3 in. long, cells unequal, roughly apiculate. Ovary stalked, hairy, narrowly elliptic, flattened and somewhat triquetrous, gradually narrowed upwards into a long style, dividing into З minutely hairy stigmas. Cuaryopsis obliquely oblong, nearly '3 in. long, smooth, ending in a long stiff beak. (СЕРНАТОЗТАСНУОМ SCHIZOSTACHYOIDES, Kura For. ЕР. Burma, 565. Metocanna? Kura, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 134. Tropical forests of South Andaman; found by Kurz at Macpherson’s Straits. The genus to which this species belongs had been somewhat in doubt; but the ques- tion was set at rest in the ‘Genera Plantarum,’ in which Bentham and Hooker fil. finally decided it to be а Bambusa. It is one of the few bamboos known to grow in the Andaman Islands, and is remarkable for its narrow, acuminate, membranous palea, and long apiculate anthers. | | Pirate No. 44.— Ватђиза schizostachyoides, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flower-bearing branch—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering giume; 6, palea; T, lodicules; 8, anther; 9, ovary and stigmas; 10, leaf-sheath—enlarged. (АП from Kurz specimens.) | SECTION V, 17. BAMBUSA GRIFFITHIANA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 99. А sübsceandent, soft bamboo. Culms slender, hollow. Cu/m-sheaths not known. Leaves large, l to L5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, lanceolate, acuminate; unequally narrowed at the base into a short 2 in. thick petiole; ending in a subulate, twisted, scabrous point; INDIAN ВАМВГЗЕЖ GAMBLE. 4) smooth above, except оп the scabrous marginal veins, glaucous beneath; scabrous on the edges; main vein thick, prominent, secondary veins 13 to 17, intermediate 5, pellucid glands frequent, giving the appearance of strong transverse veinlets on the under surface; leaf-sheath striate, glabrous, keeled , ending in a narrow shining callus, and furnished at the mouth with large crescent-shaped гейехе auricles up to ‘7 in long and strongly fringed with long bristles; ligule elongate, obtuse or triangular, ciliate, often deeply cleft. Inflorescence a terminal panicle with spicate branches bearing distant heads of spikelets; rachis soft, hollow, the distance between the heads varying from 1 to 4 in. Spikelets cylindrical, *ó to “б іп. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, with two empty glumes, one fertile flower and one rudimentary flower on a terminal produced rachila, the rudimentary flower three times as long аз the clavate, glabrous тасһ а; empty glumes ovate-acute, many-nerved, glabrous; flowering glumes similar but larger and mucronate, convolute; palea as long, membranaceous, 2-keeled, the keels glabrous, acute, many-nerved, bearing in the deep concavity between the keels the rachilla of the rudimentary flower. Lodicules З, hyaline, long-fimbriate, two ovate obtuse, the third smaller acute. Stamens exserted, anthers obtuse, bifid at the apex. Ovary ovoid, smooth, gradually attenuated into a style which is almost at once divided into 3 long plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. DENDROCALAMUS GRIFFITHIANUS, Kurz For, Fl. Burma ii. 562. Bambusa sp., Griffith Journ., p. 90. Upper Burma, banks of the Mogaung river, collected by Griffith in September 1837. This species is characterized by the one-flowered spikelets (like the Perak В. Wray, Stapf), by the palea having glabrous keels, by the very soft hollow rachis, and by the long-fringed leaf auricles. It has only been once found, but it may be hoped, now that the Mogaung valley is becoming better known, that it may soon be rediscovered. Specimens received from Burma, from the Kyaukshat Forest, Tenasserim, in 1891, by name Wamyeng (Burmese), have somewhat similar leaves, but they are more rounded and much longer petioled; then, the rachis is solid, and although the flowers are only in the early bud stage, there is enough to show that they are quite different and have ciliated pales. It is not clear why Kurz transferred this species to Dendrocalamus. Griffith, in his Journal, p. 90, refers to 16 as a “ Bambusa, vaginis collo barbatis.” Ртлте No. 45.—Bambusa Grifithiana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2 © 3, part of flowering branch—of natural size; 4 & 5, spikelet; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, terminal imperfect flower; 9, lodicules; 10, anther; 11, ovary, and stigmas—en/arged (all from Griffith’s specimens). x ” 18. Вамвоза Wray, Stapf іп Kew Bulletin, 1893, 14. А graceful, semi-scandent bamboo. Culm 40 to 60 ft. high, about 1 in. in diameter, very thin, the top curving round almost to the ground; internodes yellow, glabrous, shining, fistular, the third or fourth from the ground very long, sometimes as long as 7 ft. Culm-sheaths not described. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth, 8 to 10 in. long by about 1 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a narrow, “1 in. long petiole, above very narrowly acuminate, glabrous on both sides; main vein prominent, secondary veins 7 to 8, intermediate 5 to 7; leaf-sheaths pale, striate, glabrous, ending in a shining callus and auricled with а few stiff ciliæ; Прие truncate, short, furnished with long (often 4 to "5 in.) stiff hairs. Inflorescence a large branching panicle bearing leaves, and with the clusters of spikelets collected at the nodes or in short spicate branches; rachis smooth Анн. Вот. Вот. Gaz». Carcurra, Vor. VII. 50 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Spikelets in short spikes subtended by an oblong truncate bract, followed by a small, ciliate, keeled bractlet; then come two imperfect spikelets in the axils of lanceolate, glabrous glumes, the scale at the base of each spikelet 2-keeled, ciliate; then the fertile spikelet; empty glume solitary, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous except the сШа on the edges, many-veined, convolute; jlowermg glume ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, many- veined; palea equal or rather shorter, 2-keeled, rough or faintly ciliate on the keels, bearing between the keels the terminal, 2 in. long, rachilla which is surmounted by a narrow imperfect flower as long as itself. Lodicules narrowly elliptic, “15 in. long, minutely ciliate. Stamens exserted; anthers glabrous, blunt. Ovary ovate, glabrous, gradually attenuated into a very short style which very early divides into 3 long, thin, plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, ending in a short cylindric реак, Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, Plate 2253. Malay. Peninsula, in Perak, found by L, Wray, Jun., on the Gunong Inas mountain, at 4,500 to 5,500 feet altitude, near the sources of the Selama and Plus rivers. The chief characters of this species are the inflorescence (which is more like that of Melocanna or Teinostachyum than Bambusa) and the single fertile flower with rather long lodicules. Dr. Stapf considers it to be closely allied to В. Griffithiana, Munro, and to the genus Nastus. Ав he correctly remarks, in appearance it resembles Melocanna virgata, Munro, but the structure of the spikelet is different. It is clearly a remarkable species, and may, when the fruit is obtained, be found to belong to another genus than Bambusa or possibly to a new one. It has probably the narrowest culm for its length of almost any bamboo known except perhaps Arundinaria Prainü. It is called Buloh versumpitan in Malay. In a letter to the Director of the Royal Garden, Kew, quoted in the Kew Bulletin, Mr. Wray writes:—“ The plant grows at from 4,500 ft. to nearly 6,000 ft. * elevation, generally on the ridges of the hills, The canes are about 1 in. in diameter “near the ground and taper away 1014 in. These long thin ends drop down till “ they touch the ground, The canes are from 40 to 60 ft. long. They are furnished * with whorls of leaves at the upper joints, and, as can be imagined, the bamboo is * about the most elegant of its kind...... The joints are over 7 ft. in length. Тһе * longest joint of а cane is generally the third or fourth from the ground. Тһе “ Semangs use the large-sized canes for the outer case of their blowpipes and the small “ ones for the inner tube ...... This appears to grow only in two places in Perak.” PrarE №. 46.—Bambusa Wrayi, Stapf. 1, flower and leaf-branch—of natural size; 2, spikelet; 3, fertile flower with rudimentary terminal flower; 4, bract; 5 & 6, imperfect flower with 2-keeled lower glume; 7 & 8, glumes of imperfect flower; 9, flowering glume; 10, palea of fertile flower; 11, lodicule; 12, ovary and stigmas—enlarged (all from Mr. Wray's specimens). SECTION VI. 19. Вамвова BLuwEANA, Schultes f. Syst. Veg. vii. 2, 1343 (1830). A tall thorny bamboo. Culms 30 to 60 ft. high or more, about 3 to 4 in. in diameter, hard, smooth, glossy ; nodes not prominent; branches many, pale, yellowish, abundantly armed with short recurved spines in threes, the middle one longest; cavity small. Culm-sheaths thick, coriaceous, 5 to 6 in, long or more, 3 to 4 in. broad, striate, covered, especially below, with long stiff tawny bristles; slightly attenuate upwards to a broad convex mouth; violet brown and yellow-striped when young; imperfect blade nearly| as INDIAN ВАМВГЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 51 long as the sheath, triangular, cuspidate, convolute, striate, thickly covered with tawny bristles on both sides, slightly rounded at base and decurrent on the sheath in a narrow band ending in a rounded auricle, the band and auricle lined with a row of stiff long bristles bent in the middle; ligue very narrow, dentate, long fimbriate, Leaves 5-6 together at the ends of the branchlets, thin, linear-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, '8 to *5 in. broad; abruptly rounded at the base into a very short, glabrous petiole; ending above in a twisted scabrous point; glabrous above, glabrous and glaucous beneath; scabrous on the edges; main veins prominent beneath, secondary veins 5 to 7, intermediate 7 to 9; leaf-sheaths striate, covered with appressed hairs, keeled, ending in а small, recurved, ciliate callus, and furnished at the mouth with a few, slender, deciduous bristles ; ligule short, truncate, fimbriate. Inflorescence a large branching terminal panicle, bearing spicate branchlets with heads containing many imperfect and few fertile spikelets; rachis smooth, slender. Spikelets 1 to 15 in. long, compressed, narrow, slender, bearing 2-3 empty glumes, 6 to 8 fertile and 1 to 2 terminal imperfect flowers; empty glumes ovate-acute, 3- to 7-nerved, glabrous; flowering glume ovate, acuminate, 7-8-nerved; palea as long as, or longer than, flowering glume, broad, concave, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, blunt. Lodicules 3, obovate, long-ciliate, many-nerved, and thickened at the base. Stamens little exserted; anthers blunt, obtuse. Ovary ovate, rounded, glabrous, ending in a short style, surmounted by З plumose stigmas, afterwards stalked. Caryopsis obovate, shining above, tipped with the bases of the 3 stigmas. Kunth Елит. 431; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi 101; Kurz т Ind. Forester i. 340. В. вРТМОВА, Bl. in litt, ad. Nees von Esenb. in Bot. Zeit. 1825, p. 580. ІвснгкоснгоА spinosa, Вйзе т Ми. Pl. Jungh, 389. ScuizostacuyuM Durie, Rupr, Damb. 46. Pahang; collected by H. R. Ridley. Also in Java, Sumatra, Borneo and elsewhere in the Moluccas. This species is easily distinguished from B. arundinacea by the long spikelets, different culm-sheaths and fimbriate ligules. The culm-sheaths have the same coriaceous texture and dull colour as those of B. arundinacea, but the long-fringed auricles and ligules and bristly back distinguish them. Munro doubts if it is not the same as B. agrestis, Poir., but on reading the description of the latter, I am of opinion that it differs, so that I do not quote that species as а synonym. Blume and Kurz give the Malay names of bamboo durie and лошег fjutjuk. The Pahang locality brings it within the region to which this work relates. — Prae No. 47.—Bambusa Blumeana, Sch. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, flowering branches— of natural size; 4, culm-sheath—reduced ; 5 & 6, spikelets; 7, flower; 8, flowering glume ; 9, palea; 10, lodicule; 11, anther; 12 & 13, ovary, style andstigmas—a// enlarged (from Kurz’ Java specimens). 20. BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 245 (1799). A tall, graceful, thorny bamboo with curving branches from a thick central root- stock. Culms bright green, shining, variable in length, but in large specimens reaching 80 to 100 ft. high and 6 to 7 in. in diameter, branched from the base, the lower joints giving out long horizontal shoots armed at the nodes with 2 to 3 recurved spines and with few leaves; nodes prominent, lower ones rooting; internodes variable in length, up to 18 in, long, often faintly angular, and in smaller culms flattened on one side, walls thick, 1 to 2 in., cavity small Culm-sheaths coriaceous, orange-yellow when young, often striped Ann. Roy. Вот. Gag. Сагсстта, Vor. VII. 2 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. ол with green and even red, variable in shape and size, but running up to 12 to 15 in. in length and 9 to 12 in. in breadth, striate, somewhat rounded at the top and plaited on the edges, thickly ciliate with golden hairs when young, otherwise glabrous; imperfect blade triangular, up to 4 in. long, sharply pointed, concave with involute margins, greenish- yellow when young, glabrous without, densely clothed within with a thick purple or brown or black felt of bristly hairs, the margins decurrent on the sheath, wavy, plaited, long and thickly ciliated, but hardly auricled; ligule narrow, entire, or fringed with whitish hairs. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, very variable in size, up to 7 to 8 m. long and 1 in. broad, rounded at the base into a short, often swollen, *1 in. petiole; ending above | in a sharp stiff point; glabrous above except for long hairs near the base, glabrous ог puberulous beneath; scabrous on one or both margins, and ciliate towards the base; main vein narrow, pale, secondary .veins 4 to 6, intermediate 7 to 9, transverse veinlets none, but regular pellucid glands at intervals; Jeafsheath striate, glabrous or slightly pubescent, ending in a thick, often ciliate, callus and a short auricle furnished with a few stiff, curved, white, deciduous bristles, edges ciliate; ligule short. Inflorescence an enormous panicle, often formed by а whole eulm, branchlets spicate with loose clusters of about 5 pale spikelets; rachis variable, usually stiff, shining, smooth, sometimes dull, striate, occasionally angular and soft, almost fistular. Spikelets lanceolate, aeute, *5 to 1 in. long, '2 in. broad, sessile, glabrous except for the prominent ciliate edges of the palea, consist- ing of 2, 1 or no empty glumes, then 3 to 7 flowers, the lower ones hermaphrodite, the upper male only, finally one to three imperfect flowers ; empty and flowering glumes ovate- lanceolate, acute or mucronate, many-nerved, glabrous, *2 to "3 in. long; palea slightly longer, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, sub-acute. Lodicules three, small, hyaline, ovate, fimbriate on the edges, one usually longer and more acute, 1- to 3-nerved. Stamens exserted, drooping, filaments slender; anthers yellow, obtuse, sometimes with an apiculate bristle. Ovary elli ptic- oblong, glabrous except at the tip; siyle short, glabrous, soon dividing into 3 long plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, “2 to °З in. long, smooth, grooved on one side, ending in a short beak formed by the base of the style, always surrounded by the persistent glume and palea, embryo conspicuous. Roxb. богот. Pl. і. 56, t. 79; Ногі. Beng. 95 (1814); Fl. Tad. ii. 191; Poir. Enc. үш. 701; Spreng. Syst. Veg. її. 119; Link Hort, Berol. i. 249; Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. П. 1840; Kunth Enum. 431; Graham Bombay Cat. 939 (1839); Рай. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 299; Ruprecht Bamb. 51, tab. xiii. fig. 50; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 103; Brandis For. Flora 564; Beddome Flora Sylv. cexxxi. t. сеххі.; Kurz For. Pl. Burma ц. 554; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 315; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 7 19; Hb. Heyne Wall. Cat. 50234. ВАМВОВА SPINOSA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25; Е. Ind. ii. 198; Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii. (1822) 480, Wall. Сай, 5024; Nees in Linn, ix. ( 1834) 475; Spreng. Syst. Veg. п. 112; Rupr. Bamb. 52 tab. xii. fig. 52, tab. xii. fz. 52; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi 104; Beddome Flora Sylv. cexxxi; Brandis For. Рога 566; Steudel Syn, 329 ; Benth. in Fl. Hongk, 434; Voigt Hort, Sub. Cale. 719. Вамвова ORIENTALIS, Nees in Linn. ix. (1834) 475; Rupr. Bamb. 52, tab. xiii. fig. 91; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 105; Beddome Flora Sylv. cexxxi. BawBusA Arunpo, Hè. Klein ex Nees in Linnea ix. 471; Rupr, Bamb. 53 iab. xui. Лу. 53; Wight ex Steud. Nom. ей. IL i. 183. BAMBUSA Neestana, Arn. ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 103. BAMBUSA PUNGENS, Blanco И. Filip. ed. I. 270. Вамвов ARUNDINACEA, Retz Obs. v. 94 (1789); Pers. Syn. i. 393. Авохро Вамвов, Linn. Sp. Pl. 81; Пу, Rheede Hort. Mal. i. 95, tab. xvi. | Throughout India, Burma and Ceylon, except in the Himalaya and Sub-Himalayan region and the valleys of the Ganges and Indus. It is scarce in the Central Provinces, .INDIAN BAMBUSEÆ; GAMBLE. 53 but occurs not uncommonly in Guzerat. It is very common in both its small and large varieties in Orissa, the Cirears and Carnatic. It is common in the Concan and on the Western Ghat Range. In the Deccan it occurs in valleys in the hills as it does throughout South India, ascending in the hill ranges, as in the Nilgiris, to 3,000 ft. and higher occasionally. In Ceylon it occurs in the warmer parts of the island on the margins of rivers and streams (Thwaites). In Lower Assam it is found, but infrequently, in Gauhati and Nowgong, also in Sylhet. It is rather scarce in Eastern Bengal and Chittagong, but becomes more common in Burma, all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim, It is very largely cultivated everywhere, as in Dehra Dún and in places at the foot of the Punjab Himalaya. It is probably found in its largest size and finest condition in the hills of the Circars, especially about the Godavari, on the hill ranges of the eastern and southern scarps of the Mysore plateau, and in the Nilgirs. The finest clumps I have seen are those in the Rumpa country, north of the river Godavari. Those of Gumsur are also very good. It has been very often collected, especially at the rare seasons of its flowering. It has been introduced into the West Indies. It will be seen that I have included in this species all the three described by Nees and Roxburgh and acknowledged by Ruprecht, Munro and Beddome, viz, В. arundinacea, В. spinosa, and В. orientalis ; also the В. Arundo admitted by Ruprecht. _ I have examined a great series of specimens and can find по real specific difference between them. Munro gives the following as characters for separating the three:— (1) P. arundinacea (including В. Arundo).—Rachis very glabrous, shining, hard; spikelets, few, long, 6- to 12-flowered; rachilla hirsute, visible; leaves smooth; leaf-sheaths hairy. (2) В. spinosa.—Rachis striate, not shining, hard; spikelets many, shorter, 4- to 6-flowered; тасы а hardly visible; leaves glabrous above, hairy beneath; leaf-sheaths hairy, then sub-glabrous. (8) В. orientalis.—Rachis glaucous green, angled, almost soft; spikelet membran- ous, 5- to 8-flowered ; leaf-sheaths hairy with white cili; petiole hairy. From these, it appears that В. arundinacea and B. spinosa differ very little indeed except in the rachis of the panicle and the number of flowers, but the former character is not, I think, constant, and the latter is probably the result of differences in climate aud soil; while В. orientalis seems more nearly a separate species, and indeed the rachis is remarkable in the specimens | have seen, and justifies its admission as a variety. . Var. orientalis—rachis of the panicle green, angled, almost soft; spikelets mem- branous; leaf sheaths hairy, white ciliate; leaf petiole hairy. But except these, the characters are by no means constant, and I feel that without better information I am right in thinking that we have in India proper only one thorny Bambusa, and that that widely-spread species merely shows, as does the equally universal Dendrocalamus strictus, an amount of variation such as is fully accounted for by the variations of climate and soil. Both Brandis and Kurz considered that there was only one species, and I fully agree. Were I to attempt to separate it into varieties, I should make a different division te that adopted by Munro. All the three have practi- cally the same culm-sheath—a character which I believe Kurz, whose knowledge of, and iuterest in, bamboos was so great, considerel to settle the matter. 94 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. But if there be some difficulty in recognizing the three varieties which were considered by Munro to be species, it is easy to recognize two very distinct varieties in habit, viz. (1) the tall handsome large-culmed variety of the valleys of the Cirears and the hills of South India, and so often cultivated elsewhere; and (2) the almost dwarf, thick-branched, very thorny small-culmed variety which grows gre- gariously on the low hills and laterite downs of Orissa and Ganjam and extends into Lower Bengal and across to Burma. This latter is gregarious in densely thorny clumps of some 20 feet in height, and is probably the one which Roxburgh meant as В. spinosa. But I doubt if it can be described as a variety by any more definite characters. The thorns on the branches and side shoots; the characteristic culm-sheath with felted hairs inside the imperfect blade, and the narrow pointed leaves characterize this species, which is probably the best known and the most cultivated of all the Indian bamboos. Roxburgh gives as vernacular names: Bans, behor bans (Bengali) Mulkas, vedru (Telugu), Mungil (Tamil); Dalzell and Gibson give the Bombay name as Mundgay ; Brandis gives Magar bans, nál bans (Punjab), Кайапо (Central India); Kurz gives Kyakatwa, (Burmese); Thwaites Kuttoo-oona-gass (Cingalese!; Van Rheede Пу (Malabar). It is also known as Wahkanteh (Garo), Wanah (Magh), Кай wadár (Gondi), (see the ‘Manual of Indian Timbers.’) G. Mann has sent me specimens from Sylhet bearing the names Ketúa, kátáúsi (Bengali), and from Nowgong called Kotoha (Assamese). I have also received specimens from the Bombay Presidency bearing names as follows: from А. D. Wilkins from Ahmednagar, Kalak; from В. C. Wroughton from Poona, Kalki; from С. P. Millett and L. S. Osmaston from Thana, Padhai, khara, manwel, дода, kashti. Babu Sree Dhur Chakravarti has sent both the large and the small variety from Khurda, Orissa, under the obvious name of Kanta bans (thorny bamboo), probably the commonest name for it in India. As regards the flowering of this species, Brandis says: “ Isolated flowering clumps “are found occasionally, but as a rule all clumps in one flowering district come into "flower simultaneously, а few clumps flowering in the previous and some in the “succeeding year.” According to Beddome, this species flowered in 1804, 1836, and 1868 on the Western Coast, and Bourdillon (Indian Forester, xiii. 409) says it flowered again in 1882; it flowered gregariously (planted trees only) in Dehra Dún in 1881 (see Indian Forester, vol. vi, 336), and previously in 1836 according to Sir W. Sleeman, quoted by Munro, I myself saw it in flower in the Nallamalai Hills of Kurnool in 1889. In Orissa it flowered in 1812; in Canara in 1864; in the Balaghat district, Central Provinces, in 1865, and in Narsingpur in 1885 (С. J. Nicholls in Pioneer, April 1893); in Malda in 1874; in Oudh in 1880 (Captain Wood in Judian Forester, vii. 59). This year, 1894, it is in flower in Cuddapah (В. McIntosh). Roughly, it may be said to flower about every 30 years, and then to die down, reproducing itself abundantly from seed, and affording a magnificent crop of grain. As the seeds, which somewhat resemble wheat seeds, are edible, they have in some years proved of great value to supplement the food-supply. As regards uses, this bamboo is very largely employed; but it is by no means one of the best kinds, as the culms are rather crooked and often knotty, and the densely interlacing thorny branchlets make it difficult io extract them from the clump. It makes a close, almost impenetrable hedge, and is said to have been largely planted around cities both in North and South India, and specially in Mysore, as a protection against attack. Against such a hedge, nothing INDIAN BAMBUSEZ; GAMBLE. 59 but explosives would be of much effect. Cleghorn, quoting Buchanan's Journal iii. 961, says in respect to this: “In Hyder Alis time, the town of Bednore, in North-West “ Mysore, was defended by a deep trench filled with clumps of this bamboo," and remarks that in 1856 wheu he visited the place, he found some clumps still remaining (Forests and Gardens of South India, p. 207). It is often badly attacked by a small Hemipterous insect recently described as Oregma bambuse, which exudes drops of sticky liquid and blackens the surfaces of the leases. Ррате No. 48.—Bambusa arundinacea, Willd. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle—of natural size; 3, top of young shoot; 4, culm-sheath of lower internode— reduced ; 9, leaf-sheath; 6, thorns; 7, spikelet; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, lodi- cules; 11, anther; 12, ovary, style and stigmas; 13 & 14, caryopsis; 15, the same enveloped in glume and palea; 16, part of rachis of var. orientalis—enlarged. (Nos. 3, 4 from Kurz’ drawings; No. 16 from Wight’s specimen; No. 5 from a fresh Diin specimen; the rest from my own Circar collections.) SPECIES OF WHICH THE FLOWERS ARE NOT KNOWN. 21. BAMBUSA AURICULATA, Kurz іп Journ. As. Soc. Deng. xxxix. (1870), 86. An evergreen, arboreous, tufted bamboo. Culms 39 to 50 ft. high, 2 to 25 in. in diameter, glossy green, yellow when old, seurfy when young, branches curving downwards; nodes hardly thickened ; internodes 18 to 30 in. long, the lower ones shorter, walls thick. Cudm-sheaths 10 to 12 іп. long, 9 to 10 in. broad at base, attenuate upwards, and сопуехју truncate at 4 in. in breadth, thickly black-ciliate on the margins, the back covered with appressed black or tawny bristles, except for a vacant patch down the middle; imperfect blade 6 to 9 іл. long, triangular acute from а base about 4 in. broad, which is slightly rounded, and then decurrent on the sheath to form а rounded naked auriele which is green when fresh; striate on both sides, some- what hairy within, densely appressed-hairy without in two longitudinal streaks which leave the middle line free; ligule "2 in. broad, sharply dentate. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 8 to 16 in. long, 1 to 2-5 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a short "1 to :3 in. long petiole; ending above іп a long twisted scabrous point ; smooth above,- except the scabrous points on marginal veins; minutely puberulous beneath when young, afterwards glabrous or roughish, often glaucous; one or both edges scabrous; main veins yellow, shining, prominent, secondary veins 8 to 12, intermediate 6 to 7, pellucid glands between, which give the appearance of transverse veinlets when dry; leaf-sheaths smooth, faintly striate, polished, hairy at first, somewhat keeled, ending in a smooth callus, and a small thick rounded glossy naked auricle which is often dark in colour. Inflorescence, &c., unknown. ^ GiGANTOCHLOA AURICULATA, Kurz For. Рога Burma i. 557. Assam, Chittagong and Burma. Collected by Tara Kisor Gupta for С. Mann in Sylhet, by Brandis and Kurz and others in Burma. This species is included by Munro under Bambusa vulgaris, but it is, as correctly pointed out by Kurz, quite distinct, and this is clearly seen by an inspection of the handsome clumps of both species in the Royal Botanic Garden of Calcutta. The round naked auricles of the culm-sheaths and leaves and the peculiar arrangement of the bristles in patches on the sides of the culms-sheaths and of their imperfect blades, 96 ANNALS OF ТНЕ HOYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. leaving a central line clear, make it easily recognizable. Kurz gives the names Wa-net and Talagu-wa (Burmese) Mann gives Кайа (Bengali, while other specimens from Burma bear the name Wanway, Kurz places it in the genus Gigantochioa in his Forest Flora; but in the absence of flowers I prefer to retain it under Bambusa, to which it seems to me more properly to belong. It may be hoped that flowers will soon be procurable which will settle its position, It is a handsome species and Из culms ought to be useful. | | Гілте No. 49.— Bambusa auriculata, Kurz. 1 & 2, leaf-branehes—of natural sue; 9, culm-sheath—reduced to about + (from Calcutta Botanic Garden specimens). 29. BAMBUSA VILLOSULA, Kurz For. Fl. Burma n. 558. An almost simple-stemmed, rarely tufted bamboo, the culms usually arising singly from the stock. Culms about 3 in. in diameter; internodes 12 to 15 in. long; nodes hardly raised. Culm-sheaths truncate, ciliate on the margins, glabrous outside; imperfect blade absent. Leaves linear, somewhat cuspidate; 5 to 8 in. long, "5 to 7% in, broad; narrowed or rounded at the base іпёо а very short petiole; ending above in a cuspidate, long, twisted, setaceous, scabrous point; scabrous on marginal veins above, otherwise glabrous; glaucescent beneath, hairy near the petiole; edges scabrous; main veins conspicuous, shining, secondary veins 6 to 12, not conspicuous, intermediate 5, pellucid glands which appear in dried specimens as transverse veins; Jleaf-sheaths striate, minutely villous, then glabrescent, whitish-ciliate on the margins, somewhat keeled, ending above in prominent shining calluses, and bearing on one side a large rounded long-fringed auricle; Ugule short. Inflorescence, &c., not known, Limestone Hills of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim: collected by Brandis in 1862 in the Yónzalim Valley (No. 384). | This is the Tabendeimwa (Burmese) Wami (Karen) of Kurz; but very little is known about it. It is said to be useful for basket work. 23. DAMBUSA Mastersi, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvi. 119. A climbing bamboo. Culms small, reed-like. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 13 in. long, usually 1°5 in. broad; attenuated at the yellowish base into a glandular (? wrinkled) 2 in. petiole which is often hairy; rostrate-acuminate at. the hairy tip, glabrous on both sides except on the midrib towards the base and the scabrous points on marginal veins, glaucescent beneath; scabrous on the edges; main vein yellowish, shining, secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, intermediate 5, transverse voinlets formed by pellucid glands oblique; Jeaf-sheaths striate, ciliate on the edges, hairy on the sides with appressed stiff hairs ending in a narrow callus and short auricles bearing several stiff long folded bristles; ligule very short. Assam: collected by Masters at Dibrugarh, No. 1123. The Assamese name is Benti bans. Very little is known of this species. 24. BAMBUSA MARGINATA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 114, i A | tall seandent bamboo. Culms- fistular, g'abrous, dark-coloured; . branches sub- sohtary or fasciculate, deflexed ; branchlets bracteate, geniculate, and twisted at Ше INDIAN ВАМВСЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. | 57 top, few-leaved ; internodes of lower part hirsute above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 7 in. long, 1 to 12 in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces; rounded at the base into а 'l to "8 in. petiole; acuminate above in а setaceous point, the margins near the top shaggy with long, thick, silky hairs; main vein yellowish below, secondary veins 4 to 7 pairs, intermediate 7, transverse veinlets few, oblique, formed by pellucid glands; Jeaf-sheaths striate, keeled, glabrous, ending in a ciliate callus; lgule short, truncate, dentate, hairy outside. Tenasserim: collected by Brandis on the top of the Daunat Range at 5,000 ft. (No. 371). This may prove to be а Dinochloa when better known. It is called Wamé (Karen) and climbs among the branches of,the oak and chestnut trees. The fringe on the upper margins of the leaves is very remarkable and characteristic. Species of BAMBUsA now referred to other genera. andamanica, Kurz . . + = Oxytenanthera nigrociliata, Munro. attenuata, Thwaites Teinostachyum attenuatum, Munro. baccifera, Roxb. . Melocanna bambusoides, Trin. bifolia, Sieb. Phyllostachys bambusoides, Sieb. and Zuce. || H | В. В. В. В. А В. bitung, Hassk. . . . . = Охуіепапіћега nigrociliata, Munro. B. bitung, Roem. and Sch. . . = Dendrocalamus flagellifer, Munro. B. Brandisii, Munro А А . = Dendrocalamus Brandisii, Kurz. В. calostachya, Kurz pr . = Dendrorealamus calostachyus, Kurz. B. capitata, Wall. and Griff. . = Cephalostachyum capitatum, Munro. B. Falconeri, Munro à à . = Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, Nees and Arn. (in part). B. Fax, Poiret . BRUT А . = Melocanna humilis, Roepert. В. НасеШ ега, Griffith — . . + = Dendrocalamus flagellifer, Munro. B. gigantea, Wall. . А | . = Dendrocalamus giganteus, Munro. B. gracilis, Wall. . . ‚ . = Oxytenanthera nigrociliata, Munro. В. Helferi, Munro . А А . = Teinostachyum Helferi, Gamble. B. longispatha, Kurz 2102.00. = Dendrocalamus longispathus, Kurz. В. maero—, Wall. . x я . = Arundinaria spathiflora, Trin. B. M'Olellandi, Munro + . . = Dinochloa M’Clellandii, Gamble. B. maxima, Buch.-Ham. . · < = Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, Nees and Arn. B. mierophylla, Griff, у я ‚ = Arundinaria microphylla, Munro. “В. monogyna, Griff. . . o. = Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, Nees and Arn. B. nigroeiliata, Büse . -. = Oxytenanthera nigrociliata, Munro. B. pseudarundinacea, Steud. . |. = Gigantochloa verticillata, Munro. B. pubescens, Lodd.. ; У . = Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees. В. regia, Thoms. . . . . = Thyrsostachys siamensis, Gamble. B. reticulata, Rupr. i 4 . = Phyllostachys bambusoides, Sieb. and Zuce. _ В. Ritcheyi, Munro. . . `. = Oxytenanthera monostigma, Bedd. B. scandens, ЖШС 5 : . = Dinoehloa Tjankorreh, Визе. B. seriptoria, Dennst. я à . = Ochlandra Ећееди, Thw. В. siamensis, Kurz . : А . = Thyrsostachys siamensis, Gamble. ОВ. stricta, Вох. . · + . = Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees. B. Tanea, Buch.-Ham. . р i d Ditto ditto. ‚ В. verticillata, Willd. А ; . = Gigantochloa verticillata, Munro. B. verticillata, Rottler . | . = Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees. B. Wighti, Munro. . . . = Ochlandra Brandisii, Gamble. Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor. УП, 58 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 4. Thyrsostachys, genus nov., Gamble. Arborescent bamboos of graceful habit and moderate size. Culms Straight, erect, branching above, often covered with the long persistent sheaths. Culm-sheaths elongate, thin; imperfect blade long, narrow. Leaves usually small to moderate-sized. Inflorescence a large compound panicle, the spikelets sessile or stalked in the axils of prominent bracts. Spikelets pale-coloured, loose, with 2 to З flowers, uppermost seed-bearing, and with a terminal rudimentary flower on a produced rachilla ; empty glumes 1 or 2, much striate ; flowering glumes .similar; palea of lower flowers deeply 2-cleft, with narrow tail-like divisions, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, that of upper fertile flower not keeled or cleft, elongate; rachilla hairy. Lodicules very thin, 0 to 2 or 3, long acuminate, Stamens 6, long exserted, anthers mucronate. Ovary turbinate, depressed, stalked, surmounted by a long style, bearing 2 to 3 broad feathery stigmas. Caryopsis cylindrical, smooth, glabrous, shining at the top, grooved on one side, long-beaked, embryo prominent, pericarp crustaceous, adherent to the seed. Flowers large, culm-sheaths straight-truncate at top, leaves КЕМЕР ТЫС, 2 ee ee v Gee L: T. оре. Flowers small, culm-sheaths triangularly-truncate at top and with pointed auricles, leaves small. . . . . . . . 9. T. siamensis. 1. Тнувзовтаснув OLIVERI, n. sp. Gamble. . А large csspitose bamboo with straight culms from a thick rootstock. Culms 50 to 80 ft. high, 2 to 25 in. im diameter, bright green with whitish silky down when young, dull green or yellowish when old; nodes very little thickened ; internodes 16 to 24 in. long, walls rather thin. Culm-sheaths somewhat thin, imbricating at the base, above three-fourths of the length of the internodes, green when young, then turning orange and finally brown, persistent, clothed on the back with thick white stiff pubescence, somewhat rounded at top, but then cut off to a breadth of 1 to 19 in. ciliate at the edges, not auricled, though slightly produced ; imperfect blade long, recurved, subulate, acuminate, hairy above, 8 to 9 iu. long by ‘7 in. broad; ligule "1 in. broad, serrate. Leaves light green, linear-lanceolate, acuminate; 7 to 8 in. long, "5 to '7 in. broad, rounded at the base into a short (1 to '2 in.) petiole; somewhat rough on both sides, hairy beneath, scabrous on the edges, those of young plants broader, more hairy below and bearing long, bulbous-based, strigose hairs above; main veins narrow, secondary veins 6 pairs, intermediate 5 to 7, no regular transverse veinlets, but frequent irregular pellucid dots instead; /eaf-sheaths striate, hairy, keeled, ending in glabrous or hairy ciliate calluses and slightly produced at the mouth, ciliate at the edges ; ligule short, truncate, pubescent. Jnflorescence a large compound curved thyrsoid panicle bearing bracts at the nodes, with usually one long and two shorter flower-bearing spikelets and one or more sterile ones; rachis flexuose, hairy, swollen at the top; bract а straw-coloured blunt sheath, *5 to ‘7 in. or more long, sometimes with a deciduous green imperfect blade, Spikelets “6 to 1 in., longer ones with long jointed rachis, shorter ones with very short joints; rachis hairy, flexuose ; fertile flowers 2 to 3, with an upper- most rudimentary flower on a slender terminal гаса; empty glumes 2, ovate-acute, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 59 '9 in., striate, many-nerved with conspicuous transverse veinlets, sparsely hairy outside, one at the base of Ше spikelet, the other above; lowering glume similar, “7 to 1 in. long; palea of lower flowers longer than flowering glumes, narrow, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 3- {о ó-nerved and hairy between the keels, divided often one-fourth of the way down into long hairy tails separated by a sinus, that of the uppermost flower not keeled or ciliate, not, or only slightly, cleft, glabrous except the acute tip, many-nerved and transversely nerved; rachilla hairy. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, very thin. Stamens long exserted, drooping, filaments purple, anthers yellow, the connective produced in a blunt point. Ovary yellow, depressed-turbinate, stalked, surmounted by a long style, bearing 3 broad feathery stigmas. Caryopsis about 74 in. long, glabrous, cylindrical, with a somewhat broader top, spongy below, ending in a long beak formed by the persistent base of the style; pericarp crustaceous, shining above. Hills of. Upper Burma in moist forests on ridges at 2,000 ft. elevation. A large handsome bamboo of which the stems are greatly in request for building purposes and the seed of which is eaten. It flowered in 1891. Our specimens were colleeted by Mr. J. W. Oliver, Conservator of Forests, or by Messrs. Allan and Lowis under his orders. It has also been collected by Abdul Huk in the Shan Hills for the Caleutta Royal Botanic Garden. The bracteate, loose inflorescence, deeply-cleft lower pales and long entire upper ones at once distinguish this genus of two species, and this species is readily recognized from the other by its larger size in all respects. It is called Thanawa in Burmese and Mui‘ong by the Kachins. А considerable quantity of seed has been collected and distributed, and many seedlings have been raised and planted in Dehra-Dun and elsewhere. I have only found two lodieules, but I expect the third is also often present. PrarE No. 50.—Thyrsostachys Oliveri, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, part of the flowers panicle— 0f natural size; 3, culm-sheath—reduced 1; 4, small flowering branchlet of panicle; 5, spikelet; 6, empty glume; 7, flowering glume; 8 & 9, pale» of lower and upper- most flowers; 10, stamen ; 11, lodieule; 12, ovary, with style and stigmas and lodicules ; 13 & 14, caryopsis. (All from J. W. Oliver's specimens of 1891.) 9. THYRSOSTACHYS SIAMENSIS, Gambie. A very graceful, cespitose deciduous bamboo. Сийиз 25 to 40 ft. high, straight, not branching till high up, 1:5 to 3 in. in diameter, usually covered with the persistent old culm-sheaths, otherwise greyish-green ; nodes not prominent ; internodes 8 to 11 in. long, with a white ring below the nodes, Culm-sheaths 9 to 11 in. long, 4:5 to 8 in. broad, soft, thin, covered with fine white appressed риђевсепсе on the back, striate, attenuate upwards to а wavy truncate top, about 15 in. broad, produced at the margins into short triangular auricles; imperfect blade 4 to 5 in. long, narrowly triangular, the edges recurved ; ligule narrow, 1 in. broad, glabrous, finely ciliate. eaves narrow, linear, 3 to 6 in. long, "З to "5 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a very short (:05 in. long) petiole ; points short, twisted; glabrous on both sides, or slightly pubescent beneath when young; scabrous on one edge ; main vein narrow, secondary veins 3 to 5, intermediate 6 to 7; Jeaf-sheaths striate, white pubescent and ciliate, truncate, and ending in a glabrous callus; ligule very short, ciliate; branches after flowering often producing tufts of wiry branchlets, with very small leaves. Inflorescence a large, _ Any. Boy. Вот. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. УП. 60 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. graceful, pale panicle, with many thin branchlets, bearing bracteate clusters of few fertile spikelets, which are pedicellate and intermixed’ with sterile ones; the bract boat- shaped, glabrous, truncate at tip; rachis smooth, very fine, wiry, curved, clavate. Spikelet nearly white, bearmg 1 empty glume, then 3 flowers, the uppermost of which alone bears fruit, then a narrow produced rachilla, with a minute rudiment of a flower; empty glume *3 to *4 in, long, ovate-acute, covered at the base with long white pubescence, about 4-nerved on either side; flowering уште similar but longer, pubescent below only and at the tip, and about 7-8-nerved on either side; palea of lower flowers narrow, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, cleft half-way down into narrow ciliate tails, that of uppermost flower not keeled, but bimucronate, concave, striate, glabrous, gradually attenuate into a long beak, longer than the flowering glume. Jodicules none. Stamens exserted, filaments free, anthers pale yellow, narrow, connective produced into a conical purple mucro, Ovary at first oval, afterwards depressed, flattened, attenuated suddenly into a narrow glabrous style, surmounted by 1 to З plumose curved s?gmas. Caryopsis 2 in. long by 1 in. broad, cylindric, surmounted by а yellowish, glabrous, soft apex which is produced in a long beak, suleate on one side, embryo prominent on the other. BAMBUSA SIAMENSIS, Kurz MS. BAMBUSA REGIA, Thomson; Munro in Trans. - Linn. Soc. xxvi. 116. nad Burma, from Mandalay down to Tenasserim: collected by Brandis (No. 12) on the Salween river; by J. W. Oliver in Kyaukse and Meiktila districts; Siam, collected by Kurz. Cultivated in the Royal Botanie Garden, Calcutta; and, since its flowering and seeding there in 1892, elsewhere. Dr. G. King describes this as being one of the most graceful bamboos known. Brandis, quoted by Munro, says: “this is а most elegant bamboo, on account of the « regularity of the nodes," and that it is largely brought to Moulmein and used for umbrella handles. The description of В. regia, Thomson, by Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvi. 116, clearly refers to this plant, but the specimens marked by Kurz В. regia, Т. Thomson, in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Caloutta (Brandi? No. 379 from Yénzalin, 1862; and Kurz No. 152 from the Karen country), belong to Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Munro, and with the doubt whether the name Bambusa regia, T. Thomson, really was meant for this species, I prefer to adhere to the specific name siamensis. lt is easily distinguished from 7. Oliveri by its much smaller size in almost all respects. Excellent specimens of the leaves and sheaths have been received from J. W. Oliver, Conservator of Forests in Upper Burma, who calls it Tiyowa (Burm.)—the * Umbrella-handled bamboo”; and from Mr. Lane-Ryan, Extra Assistant Conservator of Forests, who gives it the same name and also that of Kyaung-wa, the latter name meaning ‘Monastery bamboo,’ It is reported to be commonly cultivated in monastery gardens in nearly all the villages of the Kyaukse and Meiktila districts, and the culms are sometimes used for making the handles of large umbrellas of State for which they are extremely well adapted, "n light and strong and straight. . Prawe No. 51.—Thyrsostachys siamensis, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, Селища Fames of natural size; З, culm-sheath—reduced ; 4, ӨЗЕК 5, empty glume; 6, flowering glume; 7 & 8, palea of lower Ве. ; 9 & 10, palea of upper flowers; 11, anther; 12 & 13, ovary, style and stigmas; 14 & 15, caryopsis—all enlarged. ( АН irom mod Botanic Garden, Calcutta, specimens.) INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 61 5. Gigantochloa, Kurz. Large arborescent or scandent bamboos. Culms usually tall, not branched at the base. Culm-sheaths generally stiff; hairy above, smooth below, auricled. Leaves rather large, long, usually attenuate at the base. Jnflorescence a large compound panicle with long spicate branches bearing heads of spikelets. Spikelets usually few, often of two kinds, fertile and sterile, oblong or linear; fertile flowers several. Empty glumes 2 to З. Flowering glumes similar to empty glumes. Рат of all flowers 2-keeled, keels ciliate. JLodicules 3 or less, often none. Stamens 6, filaments joined into a tube which at first is thick and short, and afterwards elongate, membranous. Ovary hairy, style elongate, stigmas 1 to 3, hairy. Caryopsis usually oblong or narrow, linear, generally furrowed, pericarp membranaceous. Півтків,--Тһе eight species here described are all from Burma and the Malay Peninsula, one only extending northwards to Chittagong and Assam. Besides these eight, there are two more in Java and other islands of the Indian Archipelago, viz. С. Atter, Kurz, С. apus, Kurz, and С. robusta, Kurz. The first is a splendid species and has two varieties—one with green, the other with purple brown culms (var. туга), both of which are growing in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta; the other two species are . not at all well known. Analysis of the species. Spikelets rounded, oblong. Spikelets small, under ‘4 in., glabrous . . . . + + + + + . . . 1. Q. verticillata. Spikelets large, oL RES VOS 252 vOv. Ri Bored. Spikelets narrow, acute, cyliudrical. Leaf ligules short. Edges of glumes black-ciliate. Spikelets very long, palea ciliate. . . . + • 3. G. macrostachya. Spikelets long, palea not ciliate «га 4. 6. Wrayi. Edges of glumes pale-ciliate, spikelets long . . . . + . . . 6. б. Кити. .. Edges of glumes not ciliate, glabrous . а 6. G. heterostachya. ge ткен Кор n / Spikelets flattened, large . . . . . . . . te k . . . . < < „ 8. Ө. latisiculata. . С. ligulata. 1. GieANTOCHLOA VERTICILLATA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi, 124. _ А very large -tufted bamboo. Culms 80 to 100 ft. high, 4 to 5 in. in diameter, greyish-green when old, light green striped with narrow thin stripes of yellow when young, mealy at first and bearing closely appressed stiff light brown deciduous hairs; nodes hairy, not prominent; internodes 18 in. long, walls rather thin. Culm-sheaths large, crisp, 12 in. long by as much or more in breadth, rounded gradually to a mouth 1 to 15 in. broad bearing on either side small rounded auricles fringed with a few stiff cilia, produced at the margins beyond the auricles to meet the ligule; inner surface shining, glabrous, outer densely covered with golden brown stiff hairs; imperfect blade short, ovate, acuminate, hairy within, are slightly decurrent in a narrow edge 62 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. to the top of the sheath; ligule narrow, shortly fimbriate or loy dentate. Leaves oblong- anceolate, 10 to 15 in. long, 15 to 2:3 in. broad; narrowly attenuate at base with a 2 to '3 in. petiole; ending in a subulate, setaceous, twisted, scabrous tip; glabrous above, hairy beneath when young, afterwards glabrous; scabrous on the margins; main vein narrow, pale beneath, secondary veins 8 to 12, intermediate 7 to 8; Jleaf-sheaths hairy: when young, somewhat keeled, striate, truncate at top and ending in a narrow callus and short, glabrous, rounded auricle, the margin produced to meet the ligule which is about *l in. long. Inflorescence а compound panicle of spicate branchlets bearing distant heads of few small spikelets; rachis smooth, slender, nearly solid. Spikelets ovate, sub- acute, "3 to `£ in. long with 2 to 4 fertile flowers ; empty glumes 2 to 3, broadly ovate- acute, minutely ciliate on the edges; flowering glume similar, many-veined, shortly mucro- nate, ciliate on the edges; palea shorter than flowering glume, oblong, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and between them, sometimes bimucronate, 3—5-nerved. Lodicules variable, usually 3 only in the uppermost fertile flower, 1 to 2 in the others, oblanceolate, fimbriate. Stamens exserted, tube membranous, anthers yellow, ending in a more or less hairy point. Ovary sub-orbicular, very hairy; s/yle narrow, rather short, pubescent, divid- ing into 2 to 3 white stigmas. GIGANTOCHLOA MAXIMA, Kurz in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind, xxvii (1864) 226; Jnd, Forester i. 943. BAMBUSA YERTICILLATA, Willd. Spec. РІ, п. 245 (1797). BAMBUSA PSEUDARUNDINACEA, Steudel Syn. 330. Wild, or more usually cultivated, in the Malay Peninsula, and throughout the Malay Archipelago, probably extending northwards to Tenasserim ; cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. | A species very striking from its light-coloured striped culms. The sheaths some- what resemble both those of Gigantochloa Atter and Dendrocalamus giganteus. Kurz gives the Malay names Bamboo andong, bamboo gombong, bamboo dyawa, also awie soorat (Sunda). Ridley’s specimen No. 119 collected at Twal, Singapore, and identified by Hackel, is said to be the Campong bamboo, | Рглте No. 59.—Gigantochloa verticiliata, Munro. No. 1, leaf branch; 2, flower branch—of natural size; 8—top of culm-sheath,—much reduced; 4—part of young shoot, reduced; 5 & 6, spikelet; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, staminal tube and anthers; 10 lodicules and anthers; 11, ovary, style and stigmas; 12, leaf-sheath—enlarged, (Nos. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, Кап Kurz specimens; No. 1 from specimens collected in Royal Botanic Garden, Caleuttu; rest from Kurz drawings in the Herbarium of that Institution.) 2. GiIGANTOCHLOA ScoRTECHINH, 2. 8р. Gamble, A tall gregarious bamboo. Culms 40 to 80 feet high, 4 to 6 in. in diameter. Culm-sheaths not known, Leaves 12 to 16 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad, linear- lanceolate, often unequal sided; narrowly attenuate at the base into a “2 to "8 in. petiole, acuminate, the tip with a twisted scabrous point; smooth above, softly hairy pube- scent beneath; scabrous on the edges; main vein rather narrow, secondary veins 8 to 10, intermediate 7 to 8, transverse veinlets conspicuous, formed by pellucid glands joined obliquely to the veins on either side; Jeaf-sheaths densely pubescent, ending above in a pubescent callus and a small rounded auricle fringed with a few stiff short bristles, ciliate on the edges; ligule short, hairy. Inflorescence a large compound panicle of curved време branchlets bearing verticils of distichous heads, each head bearing 2 to 5 large fertile INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 63 mixed with few small sterile spikelets; rachis pubescent, sinuate, sometimes flattened on one side, 1 to 2 in, between the heads. Spikelets of three kinds, large ones bearing fertile flowers, medium-sized bearing merely glumes without pale or with only rudimentary pale, and small sterile ones; fertile spikelets 7 to ‘9 in. long, 3 to 4 in, broad, flattened, ovate-acute, densely silvery grey pubescent, bearing 2 to 3 empty glumes, then 3 to 5 fertile flowers, then one imperfect terminal flower; empty glumes ovate, mucronate, densely pubescent; flowering glume similar but longer, that of uppermost fertile flower convolute ; palea shorter than flowering glume, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 6-nerved between them, bifid at apex, uppermost one less ciliate. odicules none. Stamens exserted, tube thick at first, afterwards elongate, membranous but persistent, anthers light yellow, narrow, long apiculate. Ovary rounded, hairy above, style long, glabrous, ending in a bifid white hairy stigma. Сағуорѕіѕ glabrous, ellipsoid, ending in an obtuse, hairy truncate top and surmounted by the short persistent base of the style. Malay Peninsula, collected by the late Rev. Father Scortechini, also by H. Kunstler, Dr. King’s collector, at Ulu Kerling and Ulu Selangore in 1886 (No. 8572), also by L. Wray, Junior, in Upper Perak (No. 3433) in 1889. This must be a fine species. It is said to be gregarious, forming whole forests on flats and on the sides of hills at 400 to 600 ft. elevation. Wray gives the Malay name as ‘ Bulu Rayah) I am very glad to be able to dedicate his beautiful discovery to the late Father Scortechini, whose admirable work and boundless energy have done so much to make known the flora of the Malay Peninsula. Рілте No. 53.—Gigantochloa Scortechinit, Gamble. Хо. 1, leaf branch; No. 2, part of flower panicle,—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, palea and staminal tube with stigmas; 6, the same elongated; 7, terminal imperfect flower; 8, ovary, style and stigmas; 9, caryopsis (unripe); 10, leaf sheath—en/urged. (From Father Scortechini's specimens.) 3. GiIGANTOCHLOA MACROSTACHYA, Kurz For. Fl. Burma її. 557, А large evergreen bamboo. Culms 30 to 50 ft. long, dark green when old, glaucous when young, especially below the nodes, sometimes striped, 2:5 to 4 in. in diameter, fistulose, the walls being 2 to 3 in. thick; nodes scarcely thickened, hairy; internodes 16 to 30 in long, lower ones shorter. Culm-sheaths rather short, 5 to 8 in. long, up to 14 in. broad, not much narrowed upwards to the truncate top, densely covered with appressed blackish deciduous hairs, subciliate at the edges; imperfect blade as long as or shorter than the sheath, reniform, acute, appressed-hairy beneath, less so above, rounded at the base, and then again produced into a broad (5 to 1 in.) wavy, long-fringed band ending in rounded auricles, sometimes somewhat decurrent; ligule narrow, entire or faintly toothed. Leaves thin, lanceolate, 6 to 15 in. long by 5 to 2 in. broad, attenuate or rounded at the base into a short, 1 in. long, often wrinkled petiole; produced above into а setaceous scabrous point; glabrous above except the scabrous points on the marginal nerves, whitish and minutely and softly puberulous beneath; scabrous on the margins; main vein rather narrow, secondary veins 5 to 13, intermediate 7; Jleaf-sheath hairy at first, afterwards nearly glabrous, somewhat keeled, ending in a rounded callus and having on one or both sides a small glabrous rounded auricle which is fringed with few very deciduous long се; in young specimens the auricle is much longer and more 64 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. ciliate; ligule short. Inflorescence a huge leafy panicle, the leaves early deciduous, bearing spicate branchlets with heads of spikelets, many together, both very long fertile and short sterile ones; rachis striate, heads 15 to 78 in. apart, up to 3 in. in diameter. Spikelets 1 to 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, linear, sharply subulate, acuminate, usually straight, marked by the conspicuous black fringes to the glumes; fertile flowers 2 to 3; terminal flower in- complete or reduced to a subulate produced rachilla; empty glumes 2 to 3, ovate, mucronate, ‘3 to *6 in. long, black-fringed on the edge, and with few appressed black stiff hairs on the many-nerved back; flowering glume similar but longer and longer mucronate, linear- lanceolate, convolute; palea very narrow, narrowest at the base, “7 to 1 in. long, 2-keeled, white-ciliate on the keels, minutely bifid at the apex, 3-to 5-nerved оп the back. Lodicules none. Stamens exserted, the tube at first short, thick, afterwards pro- duced and thin, membranous; anthers purple, "4 to "6 in. long, each ending in a fine setaceous hairy point. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, rounded above and surmounted by a long fine curved hairy style with undivided stigma. Caryopsis narrow, linear, rounded above and minutely pubescent, tipped with the persistent style. Assam, Chittagong and Burma, chiefly in tropical forests, often cultivated. Col- lected by Brandis in the Sittang Hills in 1862 (flowers), and in the Karen Hills in 1880; by Kurz in Pegu and Martaban and at Boronga Island in Arracan in 1869, 1871; by J. W. Oliver in the Kachin Hills, 1893; by W. Schlich, and by myself (1879) in Chittagong; and by G. Mann in the Garo Hills of Assam in 1889. This handsome bamboo is difficult to distinguish from several other species unless it is found in flower. Its leaves resemble those of Bambusa Tuldu; its sheaths those of В. nutans and В. teres; and even the spikelets are like those of Oxytenanthera nigrociliata in their black fringes and narrow shape, though they differ by being much longer and in having the terminal palea keeled. It is known in the Garo Hills by the name ekserah; in Chittagong as Madi or Madaywa; in Burma under the names of Wanet, wapyugyi, tabendeinwa (Burmese); Wabray (Karen). It is cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden and is a handsome kind. Prate No. 54.—Giyantochloa macrostachya, Kurz. Хо. 1, leaf branch; 2 4 3, flower- ing branches—of natural size; 4 & 5, culm-sheaths—reduced to 4 or more; 6 & T, spikelet; 8 & 9, empty glumes; 10, flowering glume; 11 & 12, palea, the former showing also the imperfect terminal flower; 13, staminal tube, anthers and style; 14, apex of anthers; 15, earyopsis (young)—enlarged. (No. 4 from Kurz specimen, No. 5 from his drawing in the Caleutta Botanie Garden Herbarium, the rest from Brandis specimens). 4. GIGANTOCHLOA War, n, sp. Gamble, Culms about 3 in. in diameter, branchlets smooth, clothed with glaucous scurf, Leaves 12 to 15 in. long, 2 to 25 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate, acuminate, some- what roundly attenuate at the base into a 2 to :3 in. broad petiole; ending above in а subulate, scabrous, setaceous point; smooth above, except the scabrous points on the marginal veins, pale and softly strigosely hairy beneath, scabrous on the edges; main yein broad, yellow, secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, intermediate 7, faint trans- verse veinlets formed by pellucid glands; ; leaf-sheaths smooth, keeled, ending in a narrow callus below the petiole and furnished at the mouth with a short auricle which is, as well as the top of the sheath, fringed with long stiff white bris:les; ligule INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 65 short, minutely pubescent. Znflorescence a large compound panicle of време branches bearing heads of spikelets; heads with few fertile flowers, several sterile flowers and many short bracts; rachis slender, somewhat grooved, minutely pubescent, joints somewhat curved from 2 in, down to 5 in. in length, Spikelets conical, somewhat flattened, "7 to 8 in. long, 2 in. broad, acute, bearing 2 to 3 empty glumes and 3 to 4 fertile flowers; empty glumes oval, mucronate, striate, fringed with stiff blackish-brown hairs ; Slowering glumes similar but loñger, and longer mucronate; palea narrow, oblanceolate, bifid at apex, 2-keeled, keels not or only very faintly ciliate, 5- to 7-nerved. Lodicules none. Stamens exserted, tube thick at first, afterwards long membranous; anthers very long, narrow, ending in a long hairy setaceous point. Ovary narrowly ovate, hairy, surmounted by a long, very slender, pubescent siyle and a broadly plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. А Malaya: collected at Bakit Gantang, Perak, by L. Wray, Jr, іп Мау 1888. This species, which ought to be a fine one, but of which по information is available except that it grows in the plains and has culms 3 in. in diameter, is known as Bulu Plang. The long ciliæ of the leaf-sheath and the almost complete absence of cili; to the palea are its chief characteristics. Рілте No. 55.— Gigantochloa Wrayi, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-panicle —of natural size; 8, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, palea; 6, staminal tube and stigma; 7, anther point; 8, ovary, style and stigma—en/arged. (АП from Wray’s specimen.) 9. GIGANTOCHLOA Kurz, п. sp. Gamble. Habit and culms mot known. Culm-sheaths glabrous, cylindrical, about 6 in. long by 3 in. broad, truncate at top; imperfect blade longer than sheath, recurved, lanceo- late, acuminate, decurrent in a narrow, black, glabrous band lining the top of the sheath and ending in a small, round, naked auricle; ligule narrow. Leaves linear- lanceolate, 8 to 13 in. long, 9 to 15 in. broad, attenuate at the base into a '2 in. long petiole; glabrous above, except the scattered scabrous points on marginal nerves, whitish and with scattered hairs beneath, scabrous on the edges; main vein narrow, secondary veins 9 to 11, intermediate 7 to 8; Jeaf-sheaths appressed-hairy when young, then smooth, truncate above and furnished with small rounded auricles; ligule short, Inflorescence a leafy panicle of spicate branchlets bearing distant heads of 2 to 3 spikelets in the ахі] of a smooth narrow bract; rachis slender, striate. Spikelets *4 to -5 in. long, acute, conspicuously fringed on the edges of the glumes; empty glumes 2 to 3, ovate, mucronate, thickly brown-ciliate on the sides and edges, many-nerved; fertile flowers 2 to 3; flowering glumes similar to empty glumes but longer, narrower, and with a longer mucro; palea linear, blunt, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 3- to 5-veined; terminal flower incomplete. Zodicules not found. Stamens with tube short, thick; anthers about 72 in. long, blunt, apiculate; ovary elongate, stalked, minutely hairy, ending in a long simple style, with a plumose stigma. Caryopsis (young) oblong, truncate inted below, glabrous. ii аш айл Burma and the Malay Peninsula: collected in Tenasserim by Kurz on his last voyage іп January-February 1878 under the name of Коай; also in Perak in 1892 by H. N. Ridley (Хо. 3114) under the name Buly akar (Malay) and by L. Wray, Jr, at Thaipang, Perak, under the name Ваш mata kusa or ‘deer's eye bamboo. Ayn. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. УП. 66 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. РудтЕ No. 56.—Gigantochioa Kurzii, Gamble. 1 and 2, flower- and leaf-bearing 52. natural size; 3, culm-sheath—reduced; 4, spikelet; 5 and 6 empty glumes; 7, palea; 8, staminal tube, anthers and style; 9 and 10, ovary and style; 11, do. ж with stamens—enlarged. (Nos. 10 and 11 Кош Wray’s; the rest from lios specimens.) | 6. GIGANTOCHLOA HETEROSTACHYA, Munro in Tran$. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 125. A graceful, apparently somewhat scandent, bamboo. Culms 30 ft. long, thin-walled. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 11 in. long, "5 to 1 in. broad, rounded at the base into a short petiole about 71 in. long, produced above into a long, seabrous, twisted, setaceous point; smooth above, except the scabrous points on ko marginal veins, smooth below except for a few hairs ọn the midrib, scabrous on the margins; main vein narrow, shining, secondary veins 6 to 8, intermediate 5 to 7; leaf-sheaths striate, ending at the mouth in a shining callus and a rounded glabrous auricle, and produced beyond it to meet the ligule; ligule long, dentate, glabrous, some- times long ciliate. Inflorescence a large leafy panicle with spicate branches bearing distant few- rarely many-flowered heads in the axils of chaffy glabrous bracts ; heads with fertile flowers often with only one spikelet, those with sterile flowers bearing 4 to 5; rachis smooth, striate, uppermost joints slightly pubescent, distance between heads from “5 up to 4 in. or more. Spikelets of two kinds: sterile “5 to ‘7 in., consisting of glumes sheathed one within the other; fertile 1 to 1°3 in. long, "2 in. broad, giabrous, oblong, compressed, with usually 1 to 3 empty glumes or with one incomplete flower, 4 to.5 fertile flowers and 2 to 3 terminal incomplete flowers, all on the joints of a persistent rachilla ; empty glumes ovate, acute or mucronate, many-nerved, glabrous ; flowering glumes similar, but those of upper flowers convolute, longer mucronate ; palea shorter than flowering glume, that of lowest (usually imperfect) flower very short, obtuse, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 4- to 8-nerved. . Lodicules 2 to 3, oblong or ovate, blunt or somewhat acute, long-fimbriate. Stamens exserted, tube short and thick at first; anthers about 74 in. long, apiculate, the point penicillate: Ovary ellipsoid, very hairy, with a hairy s/yle somewhat flattened and often curved, and bearing one to three plumose purple stigmas. Kurz in Indian Forester 1. 345. | Malay Peninsula, collected by Griffith (No. 6731) near Ayer Punas, about houses. Тһе few fertile spikelets, which are glabrous and many-flowered, seem to distinguish this species. Kurz thinks it must be а Teinostachyum, but the spikelets. I have examined are distinctly those of а Gigantochloa, with monadelphous stamens, keeled рајеге and lodicules, Munro says there are three lodicules, but I have only found two, so too I һауе only found undivided stigmas. With this also I identify Ridley's No. 1717, Вија tilan, with much larger and many-flowered heads. The plate was done from Griffiths specimen, and does not show the head quite so large or with 80 many spikelets as it should perhaps do. 6. lafispiculaía with much-flattened large spikelets in heads of 2 to 3 only comes very near this. . Pram No. 57.—Gigantochloa heterostachya, Munro. 1, leaf- and flower-bearing branch —of natural size; 2, leaf-sheath; 3, spikelets; 4 & 5, empty glumes; 6. & 7, flowering glume and palea of lowest flower; 8 & 9, flowering glume, palea and anthers of uppermost fertile flower; 10, palea; 11, lodicules ;; 12, staminal tube and ‘atnhers ; 13, anther tip; 14, jointed rachilla with terminal imperfect flowers—enar ‘ged INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 67 (all from Griffith’s specimen, No. 3 four times enlarged); 15, ovary with stigmas (from - Ridley's specimen). 7. GIGANTOCHLOA LIGULATA, л. sp. Gamble. Culms and culm-sheaths not known. Leaves 12 to 16 іп. long, 2 to З in. broad, oblong- lanceolate, unequal at the base and unequally attenuate into and decurrent into a '2 to '3 in. long, flat petiole, wrinkled at base; acuminate above in a scabrous point with reflexed edges; smooth above, except the scabrous points on the marginal veins, pale beneath and smooth, except the scabrous tip; scabrous on one margin; main vein broad, yellow .beneath, secondary veins 12 to 14 pairs, intermediate 6 to 7, pellucid glands many, giving the appearance of transverse veinlets beneath, these being very conspicuous when young; /eaf-sheuths smooth, shining, brown, striate, ending in a cushion- like, shining, rounded, often ciliate callus and produced at the mouth to meet the ligule; ligule up to 1 in. long, glabrous, bifid in two long, acuminate, membranous lobes. Inflorescence a long terminal panicle of spicate branchlets bearing distant heads on leafy branches; heads. with 5 to 8 fertile spikelets, in the axils of long, yellow, stramineous bracts; bracts glabrous, "5 to 15 in. long, ending in a truncate mouth which is furnished with round, dark, naked auricles and long-fimbriate ligules; rachis fistular, glaucous, smooth in the lower half, minutely pubescent with white hairs in the upper, lower joints 3 in. long, gradually decreasing to about *5 in. at the summit. Spikelets “б to "8 in. long, conical, acuminate, with 2 to 4 empty glumes, 3 to 4 fertile flowers and 1 terminal imperfect flower; empty glumes ovate, acute, mucronate, many-veined, long brown ciliate on the margins; flowering glume similar but longer and more mucronate ; palea shorter than flowering glume, 2-keeled, long ciliate on the keels, blunt or bi-mucronate, 5-nerved on the back. Jodicules none. Stamens exserted, tube thickened аб first, afterwards membranous; anthers long, narrow, apiculate, hairy at tip. Ovary depressed, ovate, shining, hairy, long-stalked, ending in a slender style and short plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. Malaya : collected at Kuala Wok in Perak by L. Wray, Jr, (No 845) and by H. N. Ridley at Kwala Pahan in Pahang in 1891 (No. 5597). This must be a splendid bamboo, judging from the specimens of the leaves and inflorescence. It is called. Bulu telor, and in many respects resembles 6. Kurzii, but differs notably in the much larger leaves and longer spikelets, the long ligules, and the hairy rachis. PrarE Хо, 58.—Gigantochloa T Gamble. 1, part of leaf branch; 2, part of flower branch—a// of natural size; 3, spikelet ; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume ; 6, palea; 7, staminal tube and anthers; 8 & 9, ovary with style and stigma-—en/arged _ (from L. Wray’s specimens). 8. GIGANTOCHLOA LATISPICULATA, п. sp. Gamble. A large bamboo. Culms about 50 ft. high. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves pale, 12 to 14 in. long, 1 to 14 in. broad, lanceolate, attenuate at the base and decurrent into а '2 08 in. long petiole; glabrous on both sides, smooth, except the scabrous points on marginal veins; main vein shining, prominent, secondary veins 8 to 9 pairs very inconspicuous, intermediate 6 to 7; leaf-sheaths smooth, glabrous, keeled, ending іп a ANN. Roy, Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor, VII. 68 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. narrow callus and produced beyond the base of the petiole to meet the ligule; ligule broad, cleft. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of spicate branchlets, bearing distant heads with a few very large flattened spikelets; heads 1 to 3 in. apart with 1 to 4 spikelets and very small bracts, rachis smooth, striate. Spikelets 12 in. long, "3 to 4 in. broad, compressed; empty glumes 2 to 3, lower with a separate imperfect blade, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, many-veined, glabrous; flowers about 7 to 9 with 1 or 2 terminal imperfect ones; flowering glume ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, slightly ciliate on the edges and hairy within; palea shorter than flowering glume, 2-keeled, 7-nerved, ciliate on the keels, blunt. Lodicules small, obovate, 3—5-nerved, fimbriately ciliate. Stamens exserted, tube thickened at first, afterwards very fragile, membranous; anthers narrow, penicillate apiculate. Ovary narrowly ovoid, pubescent, narrowed into a slender style which is divided above into 3 plumose stigmas. Malaya: collected by Mr. Alwis, in Malacca, in 1886 for the Singapore Botanic Garden. | This has more the appearance of Bambusa than of Gigantochloa, but the monadelphous stamens are conclusive. It comes very near to С. heterostachya, but the spikelets аге larger and compressed. It is said to be used for basket-msking and to be called Вши tilán miniak. It is at once recognised by the very large flattened spikelets. PrarE No. 59.—Gigantochloa latispiculata, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch —of natural size ; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicule; 8, staminal tube and anthers; 9, anthers; 10, ovary with style and stigmas; 11, leaf sheath—en/arged. (АП from the Malacca specimen.) 6. Oxytenanthera, Munro. Arborescent or scandent bamboos, usually of medium or small size, unarmed, often gregarious. Culms from a thick rhizome, usually creeping underground and stoloniferous ; culm-sheaths various, usually rather narrow, the imperfect blade also narrow. Leaves variable, but generally small, shortly petiolate, as in Bambusa. Inflorescence a large panicle with spicate heads of few or many spikelets. Spikelets narrow, elongate, conical, bearing 1, 2 or З flowers, the uppermost usually fertile. Empty glumes 1 to 3, flowering glumes ovate, elongated, mucronate. Ра/ға of lower flowers 2-keeled, of uppermost flower con- volute, only little or not at all keeled. Lodicules none. Stamens monadelphous, exserted, tube thickened at first, afterwards membranaceous, elongate; anthers narrow, acute or apiculate. Ovary ovoid, style fine, stigmas 1 to 3, usually more or less plumose. Caryopsis elongate, terminated by a beak formed by the persistent style base, grooved, embryo conspicuous. | DisrRis.— Nine species, eight herein described and one (0. abyssinica, Munro) of Tropical Africa. Analysis of the species. Heads usually few-flowered (Burmese and Malay species). Edges of glumes ciliate. СШ of glumes black or purple . . . . . . . . 1. O. nigrociliata. p > ` White, spikelets glabrous . . . . . 2. О. albocihata. > _ pale, spikelets е many . . 3. О. sinuata. Edges of pou not ciliate ... :'. us 4. О. parvifoha, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 69 Heads many-flowered (South Indian species). Spikelets 1-flowered. Style hairy . . 5. 0. Thwaitesii. » glabrous . 6. 0. monostigma. Spikelets 2-flowered . . . 4. О. Stocksit. » З-Шочегей . . 8. 0. Bourdilloni. l. OXYTENANTHERA NIGROCILIATA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 128. An evergreen tufted bamboo. Culms 30 to 40 ft. high, 5 to 2 in. in diameter, usually dark green, sometimes marked with longitudinal yellow stripes; nodes prominent; internodes scabrous, rough above. Culm-sheaths about 6 in. long, striate, ciliate at the edges, covered on the back with appressed stiff brown hairs, slightly narrowed upwards, truncate at the top; imperfect blade ovate-lanceolate, decurrent on the sheath, and furnished on either side with a bright green, rounded, naked auricle, hairy within; ligule narrow, faintly toothed. Leaves 6 to 12 in. or more long, 1 to 2 in. broad, lanceolate; unequally rounded at the base or attenuate into а ‘2 to '3 in. petiole; ending above in a subulate twisted point; somewhat rough above, pale and smooth and at first pubescent beneath, scabrous on one margin; main vein prominent, secondary veins 9 to 12, inconspicuous, transverse veinlets none, but pellucid glands which appear beneath like transverse veinlets; Jeaf-sheaths stiff, hairy at first, afterwards smooth, ciliate at the edges, produced at the mouth and furnished with small, naked, rounded auricles ; ligule narrow. Inflorescence a large compressed, sometimes leafy, panicle of spicate verticils ; rachis pubeseent especially above, striate, 1 to 3 in. between verticils; spikelets usually few in the verticils. Spikelets narrow, cylindric, 1 in. long by `1 to :2 in. in diameter, conspicuously black- or purple-fringed at the edges of the glumes, sometimes curved; bearing empty glumes 2 to 3, fertilo flowers 2 to 3, and а terminal imperfect flower; empty glumes ovate-acute, mucronate, ciliate on the edges, many-veined; flowering glume lanceolate, acuminate, long-mucronate, ciliate on the upper margins, many-veined; palea shorter than, or as long as, the flowering glume, narrow, obtuse or acute or bimucronate, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and 9- to 3-veined between them, that of uppermost flower convex, glabrous. S/amens exserted, tube. at first thick, afterwards elongated, membranous ; anthers 73 to *4 in. long, narrow, purple, ending in a long hirsute point. Ovary narrowly ovoid, acuminate, pubescent, style slender, stigmas 1—3, plumose, short. Caryopsis linear-oblong, “6 in. long, 1 in. broad, glabrous, truncate at the top and with a short penicillate beak, grooved on the back, | . embryo conspicuous. Beddome РІ. Sylv. ccxxxiii. BAMBUSA wIGROCILIATA, Ризе in Pl. Jungh. i. 389; Miquel Flora Iud. Bat., vol. ІП, 416; Walpers Ann. iv. 1045. BAMBUSA Birowo, Hassk. РІ. Jav. Бағ. 42. ВамвовА GRACILIS, Wall. Cat. 5033. GricANTOCHLOA NIGROCILIATA, Kurz Ind. Forester i. 345. G. anpamanica, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii, 556. Orissa, Chittagong, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, extending to Sumatra and Java. Said also to occur іп Coorg and Canara, but this requires further investigation: the specimens were collected by Hohenacker and by по one else. Collected by Helferin Tenasserim; also by Falconer in 1849; also by С. King on Pagoda Hill, Moulmein, іп 1879; by Kurz in S. Andaman, and by А. Г. Home in the Andamans in 1875; by myself in Kasalong valley, Chittagong (not in flower), in 1880. 70 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. The black-fringed spikelets and naked auricles of Ше culm-sheaths distinguish this species. Kurz says it is called Bamboo lengka in Malay, and that it is gregarious in the Andamans. То this species also I attribute the specimens sent by С. Mann from the Garo Hills, Assam, in 1889, under the name Washut (Garo), though the culm- sheaths and their imperfect blades are longer; also the specimen sent. from Khorda, Orissa, by Babu Sree Dhur Chakravarti under the name Bolangi bans. Mann says that Washut is used in hut building and for basket work. PrarE No. 60.—Ozytenanthera migrociliata, Munro. 1, leaf- and flower-branch— of natural size; 2, culm-sheath—somewhat reduced; 3, spikelet; 4, lower empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, staminal tube and anthers (young); 8, the same (older); 9, terminal imperfect flower; 10, ovary and style and stigmas; 11 caryopsis—enlarged ; (Nos. 1 and 11 from King's Moulmein specimens; No. 2 from Kurz drawing in the Herbarium of the Calcutta Botanic Garden; the rest from Helfers specimens.) 2. OXYTENANTHERA ALBOCILIATA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 199. An evergreen or occasionally deciduous, densely tufted bamboo. Culms elongate, carved, 20 to 30 ft. long, 5 to 1 in. in diameter, greyish-green, hispid above; nodes raised in a ring formed by the base of the sheath; internodes 6 to 15 in. long, walls moderately thick, ' to 3 in. Culm-sheaths 4 to 8 in. long by about 6 in. broad, at first covered with dense tawny appressed hairs, afterwards smooth, somewhat truncated, folded and coriaceous at the base; ending at the truncated mouth in a narrow, slightly auricled, naked band; imperfect blade as long, and often somewhat longer than, the sheath, lanceolate, acuminate, broad and rounded at the base and decurrent; ligule very long, 5 to 1 in. truncate, toothed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 6 to 8 in. long, “7 to 1 in. broad; rounded at the base into а short :1 in. petiole; at the tip produced in а setaceous point; glabrous above, except for scabrous points near tho margins, glaucescent beneath, scabrous on one or both margins; secondary veins 6 to 8, intermediate usually 4 to 5; no regular transverse veinlets, but frequent pellucid glands having that appearance on the lower surface; leaf-sheaths . smooth, striate, ending in a smooth callus and truncate edge; ligule rather long, faintly ciliate. . Inflorescence a large spreading panicle of spicate branchlets; spikelets in verticils of about 10 % 20, supported by yellow chaffy white ciliate bracts; rachis smooth, slender, 1 to З in. long between the verticils; spikelets slender, "6 to "8 in. long, often eurved, “1 in. broad, those bearing fertile flowers mixed with few sterile ones; empty glumes l to 2, ovate-acute, white-ciliate; then: one male flower, followed by 1 or 2 hermaphrodite flowers; flowering glumes elliptic, acute or faintly emarginate, many-nerved, white-ciliate on the low, convolute; palea shorter, often much shorter, ovate obtuse, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, that of last flower not keeled, convolute, ciliate only at the tip. Stamens long, exserted; filaments at first connected in a short thick tube, afterwards in a long, very membranous one; anthers long, greenish-yellow, long hirsute, apiculate, Overy narrowly ovoid, much acuminate, pubescent, ending in a long style divided above into 2 white stigmas, Caryopsis elongate, oblong, m acuminate, GIGANTOCHLOA ALBOCILIATA, Kurz For, Fl. Burma ii, 555. INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 71 Throughout Burma, chiefly in mixed forests. Collected by Faleoner in Moulmein, Brandis in Houndraw valley and Toungnyo in 1880; Dr. Mason in Toungoo Hills in 1857; Kurz in Thaungyin and Pegu Yomas in 1871; J. W. Oliver at Pyinmana ш 1891; P. J. Carter in Pegu; W. T. McHarg in Tenasserim in 1899. This is the well-known Wapyugale (little white bamboo), also Радой of Tenas- serim, and it is easily recognized by its narrow, white-ciliate, curved spikelets, by the absence of a terminal imperfect flower, and by the long ligules of the culm sheath. From the dates given by collectors it appears to have flowered in 1857, 1871, 1880, 1891-92." It is a species of very little value, and is even troublesome in the teak plantations. | PrarE No. 61.—Oxytenanthera albociliata, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle,—of natural. size; 3 & 4, culm-sheath—reduced to half; 5, spikelet; 6, empty glume; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, palea of last flower; 10, staminal tube and anthers of lower male flower; 11, anthers; 12, ovary and stigmas—enlarged. (No. 3 from Kurz figure in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta ; the rest from his Thaungyin specimens.) 3. OXYTENANTHERA SINUATA, ñ. sp. Gambie. Culms and culm-sheaths not known. Leaves 10 to 12 in. long, 192 to 15 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; rounded almost cordately at the base into а "5 in. long, broad, thick, hairy petiole; ending above in a scabrous, twisted, setaceous point; somewhat scabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, scabrous on the edges; main vein hardly prominent, secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, intermediate 7 to 8; leaf-sheaths glabrous or slightly pubescent, faintly striate, keeled, ending in a narrow ciliate callus and bearing a few long deciduous bristles ; ligule rather short, thickly pubescent. Znflores- еспсе а panicle with spicate branches bearing round heads of sterile and fertile spike- lets; rachis sinuate, softly pubescent, joints “5 to 15 in. long; heads up to "5 in. in diameter; spikelets narrow, conical, "3 to "4 in. long, acuminate, minutely hairy, bearing 2 to 3 empty glumes and then 2 to 3 fertile flowers; empty glumes ovate, mucronate, ciliate on the edges, many-nerved ; lowering glumes similar but longer, and longer mucronate, the uppermost convolute ; palea of lower flowers blunt or bifid, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 2- to 3-veined between, that of upper flowers long-acuminate, glabrous, not keeled. Stamens exserted, tube at first thick, enclosing the ovary, afterwards elongate, membranous; anthers narrow, connective produced into а hairy acumen. Ovary ‘broadly ovate, hairy, surmounted by a long hairy style and plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. | Malaya: collected at Serumban in Sunjei Ujong in 1885 (Herb. Singapore). А very little known kind, said to be used for making baskets and to be called Poké, bulu miniak. I also consider Ridley’s specimens from Gunong Panti and Hulu Kahary, Johore, to belong to this, though they have only one fertile flower and a glab- rous spikelet. | Рглте No. 62.—Oxytenanthera sinuata, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flower branchlet-— of natural size; 3, spikelet ; 4, empty glume ; 5, flowering glume of uppermost flower ; 6, palea of lower flowers; 7, palea of upper flowers; 8, staminal tube; 9, anther; 10, ovary with style and stigmas—enlarged. | | 414 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 4, OXYTENANTHERA PARVIFOLIA, Brandis М5. Apparently a large-sized bamboo. Culms up to З in. in diameter. Culm-sheaths 8 to 9 in. long, 8 to 10 in. broad, covered on the back with appressed brown hairs, rounded at the top and truncate, striate; imperfect blade 2 to 3 in. long by about 1 in, broad, ovate-acuminate, rounded at base and decurrent оп the top of the sheath in a narrow, naked, slightly auricled band ; ligule rather broad, dentate. Leaves linear-lanceo- late, 3 to 5 in. long, about “5 in. broad; rounded at base in а short 71 in. petiole ; the apex with a short subulate twisted point; smooth above, except on the marginal veins which are scabrous, pale and slightly pubescent beneath, scabrous on one or both margins ; leaf-sheaths hairy at first, afterwards ending in a prominent callus and furnished with a few deciduous bristles at top; ligule long, acute, faintly dentate, pubescent. Inflorescence a large panicle of spicate branchlets bearing verticils of spikelets 4 to 10 to the verticil, supported by small polished bracts; rachis thin, wiry, 1 to 2 in. long between verticils. Spikelets narrow, 6 to ‘8 in. long by 1 to ‘2 in. broad, glabrous; many fertile mixed with few sterile; empty glumes 2 to 3, ovate, mucronate, glabrous, striate near the tip; after them usually 2 hermaphrodite flowers, then one imperfect; flowering glumes similar but longer; palea as long as flowering glume, 2-keeled, shortly ciliate on keels, shortly emarginate, 83—5-nerved on back; that of final flower not keeled, concave, glabrous. Stamens exserted; anthers rather short, obtuse. Ovary hairy, ovoid- acuminate; style long, slender, with 1-2 shortly plumose stigmas. Yónzalin Valley in Burma, collected by D. Brandis in Mareh 1880. This species is distinguished from O. migrociliaia and О. albociliata by its having the edges of the glumes not ciliate and by its small leaves. It is known, according to Brandis, as Tseikdoo-mindoo (Burmese); Wamo (Karen). Рглте No. 63.—Oxytenanthera parvifolia, Brandis. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle —of natural size; З, culm-sheath—somewhat reduced; 4, spikelet ; 5, empty glume ; 6, flowering glume; 7, lower flower palea ; 8, uppermost flower palea; 9, ovary and style—enlarged. (All from Brandis’ specimens.) 5. OXYTENANTHERA 'ГН\УАТТЕЗИ, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 129. А straggling or subscandent, garious, reed-like bamboo. Culms 10 to 12 ft. long, or longer, about 1 in. in diameter, smooth, usually ending in a curved whip with vertieils of small branchlets and very small leaves; bandi. from the base, the branchlets verticillate and sheathed; leaf- and анар branches on the same culm; nodes prominently jointed; internodes 12 to 18 in. long, rough, hirsute when young walls thin, 1 to :2 in. thick. Culm-sheaths about 6 in. long, 3 to 4 іп. broad, those of thicker shoots covered on the back with appressed, light brown hairs; those of younger and thinner shoots nearly glabrous, yellow, shining, the base ending in a coriaceous, separable ring, truncate at the mouth, ciliate on the margins, especially at the top; imperfect blade ovate, acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long by 1 in. broad, rounded at the base and then again decurrent along the top of the sheath, and ending in large, rounded, faleate auricles which are tipped with stiff curved bristles; ligule of larger older sheaths very long and long-fimbriate, that of younger and smaller ones INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 73 narrow, erose, Leaves very variable in size, those of old culms often 8 to 12 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; lanceolate acuminate, rounded ог. unequally attenuate at the base into a '1 to 2 in. petiole; above ending in a sharp, twisted, setaceous point; glabrous above, and with scattered hairs below, especially when young, margins scabrous; main veins narrow, yellow, shining below, not prominent above, secondary veins about 8 to 10 with 7 intermediates; no transverse veinlets, but few pellucid glands; Jea/-sheaths striate, often very hirsute, keeled, ending in a rounded callus, those of larger loaves produced at the mouth to meet the ligule, those of smaller leaves ending in falcate auricles with а few long, stiff, deciduous bristles; ligule variable, sometimes long, sometimes very narrow, Inflorescence a huge, often leafy, panicle, with spicate branchlets bearing heads of more or less closely-packed spikelets, supported by small ovate bracts; the heads near the main rachis very large, 15 to 2 in. in diameter, those at the ends of the branchlets small few-flowered, average heads about 1 in.; rachis smooth, striate. Spikelets often in pairs, "8 to 4 in. long, acute, pale, usually 1-flowered; empty glumes 2 to 3, ovate, mucronate, many-veined, sometimes ciliate on the edges; flowering glume ovate-acute, sharply and strongly mucronate, ciliate on the edges and somewhat pubescent near the top; palea concave, glabrous except the ciliate point, convolute, blunt. Stamens exserted, tube at first short and thick, afterwards elongated and very thin; anthers narrow, long- apiculate, the tip hairy. Ovary ovate-acuminate, produced into a hairy style which is divided at the top into З short plumose stigmas, Caryopsis elliptic-oblong, 2 to °3 in, long, glabrous, except the long mucronate apex formed by the base of the style which is hairy, embryo conspicuous. Beddome РІ. Sylv. сохххїї, tab, сссххи. DENDROCALAMUS MONADELPHUS, Thwaites Enum. Plant. Zeyl. 376. South India and Ceylon at from 3,500 to 6,000 feet elevation. It occurs in abundance in places оп the Nilgiris, such as in ravines below Coonoor, Kotagiri, Melkunda, Sispara, in the Ochterlony Valley, «е. It is also found in the Anamalai and the Palghat Hills and the hills of Travancore. It was also collected by Beddome in Kurnool. I have also specimens from Wynaad collected by Mr. Rhodes Morgan, and specimens from Travancore from J. Е. Bourdillon, Trimen’s Ceylon specimens came from Rangula Hill, 4,000 feet, It is at once recognized by its whip-like climbing branches and long-ciliate sheaths. I have examined an immense number of spikelets, but cannot find one which has more than one flower, although Beddome says 1 to 3 are fertile, Beddome says that in the Anamalais it is called Watte, and that the leaves are used for thatching; I never heard of its being used for any purpose on the Nilgiris, It is very frequently in flower, and I am not sure that it dies down after flowering. Wight’s specimens were collected in Nilgiris in 1847 and 1851; C. B. Clarke's at Coonoor in 1870; G, King's іп Ochterlony+ Valley in 1878; Beddome's in the Anamalais in 1865 and 1871; my own in various places in 1883 and 1889. In flower it much resembles Dendrocalamus strictus, and it is said by Munro to be this plant which is represented as that species in Plate 70 of Roxburgh's Coromandel plants; but it must, however, be noted that the Plate does not show monadelphous stamens, In my opinion it merely represents a poor specimen of Dendrocalamus strictus. Puare Хо. 64.—Ozytenanthera Thwaitesit, Munro, 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath ; 4, culm-sheath of young shoot—somewhat reduced г, spikelet; 6 & 7, empty glumes; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, staminal tube (young) Ахх. Вот. Bor. Garp. Catcurra, Vor. VII. 74 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. and stamens, style and stigmas; 11, staminal tube (older) opened ont; 12, anther; 13, ovary, style and stigmas; 14, caryopsis; 15, leaf-sheath of large leaves. (No. 11 from Beddome's figure; the rest from my own specimens.) 6. OxyTENANTHERA MONOSTIGMA, Beddome Flora Sylv. ссхххш. A medium-sized strong bamboo. Culms nearly solid, 10 to 15 ft. or more high, about 1 in. in diameter, densely covered with soft, pale yellow, velvety tomentum; nodes not very prominent; internodes long. Culm-sheaths thin, papery at the edges, striate, sparsely covered with white appressed stiff hairs, 6 to 9 in. long, about 3 in. at the base, and gradually attenuate upwards to the apex which is rounded on either side and has a deep sinus, to the bottom of which the imperfect blade is affixed; imperfect blade about 3 in. long, linear- lanceolate, striate; ligule long, often deeply fimbriate. Leaves variable in size according as they grow on leaf-branches. or mixed with the flower spikes, pale green, 6 to 8 in. long, 1:5 in. broad, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base unequally into a :2 to °3 in. flat petiole; ending above in a setaceous twisted point; glabrous above, except for the . scabrous points on veins near the margin and on the midrib, sparsely hairy and pale beneath, scabrous on one side of the margin; main vein yellow shining beneath, inconspicuous above, secondary veins 7 to 12, intermediate 5 to 7; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, or with scattered appressed hairs produced at the mouth to meet the ligule; Пуше long, often "3 in., acute or rounded. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle of spicate branchlets bearing dense globular heads of spikelets, heads often very large, especially at the main nodes of the central rachis, where they often reach 2 to 2:5 in. in diameter; rachis rounded, smoóth, striate. Spikelets "8 to 1 in. long, glabrous, less than 1 in. broad, long-spinose- apiculate, very numerous, fertile and sterile about equal in numbers; only one flower; empty glumes 2 to 3, lower small, ovate-mucronate, upper ovate-lanceolate, mucronate; flowering glume long, narrow, linear-lanceolate, long-mucronate, convolute; palea shorter than flowering glume, concave, not keeled, blunt. Stamens exserted, tube short and thick at first, after- wards long-cylindric ; anthers long, about '2 to "3 in., narrow, long bristly-apiculate, the bristle somewhat hairy at the apex. Ovary ovate-acuminate, rounded, glabrous, ending in a long glabrous sfyle, terminating in a feathery, or, in older flowers, a curved, thickened stigma. Caryopsis narrow, linear-oblong, grooved, ending in а conical mucro formed by the persistent base of the style, embryo conspicuous, Beddome Icones Plant. Ind. Or., tab, сехххіу. 56. Bamsusa RITCHEYI, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 113. ScHIZOSTACHYUM HINDOSTANICUM, Kurz in Proc. Аз. Soc. Beng. xlii. 232. Western Ghats and hills of South-West India from Mahabaleshwar to the Anamalai Hills. Collected by Ritchie at Kala Nuddi in 1852, No. 820; Brandis on Sattara Ghats, 1870; R. S. Fagan at Mahabaleshwar, 1892; W. A. Talbot in North Kanara, Nos. 857, 905, in 1884, also in 1889; В. С. Wroughton in Poona district and A. D. Wilkins in - Ahmednagar, 1892; Beddome in Anamalai Hills; Brandis in Coorg. I feel sure I am right in identifying Bambusa Ritcheyi, Munro, with Oxytenanthera monostigma, Beddome; and to this Munro himself (see MS. note in Kew Herbarium) agreed. The species is very well marked by the velvety culms, narrow culm-sheaths, long narrow pointed spikelets with only one flower, and glabrous ovary and style. The leaves are very variable, but Brandis specimens and Munro's descriptions agree well with those sent by Bombay officers, and the narrower, smaller leaves belong mostly to flowering branchlets. . INDIAN BAMBUSEE ; GAMBLE. 19 Ritchie gave the vernacular name as Choomaree; Brandis’ specimens bear the names Chiwa, chiwan, chawa; Wroughton's and Wilkins’ specimens those of Huda, wdhe, manga, tandali. Ritchie says it is used for basket-work; Wroughton that it is one of the commonest bamboos largely cut and used for all purposes, but not really very good. I am not sure that the stigma is always undivided, for I have found some that separated on maceration, and I am rather in doubt whether Munro's specifie name should not have precedence. I cannot trace this species with certainty in Dalzell and Gibson's Bombay Flora, but it may be what is meant by the Chiwaree bamboo identified by him as Bambusa Arundo, Klein, Nees in Linnea, ix. 471, though Ше description does not agree. : PrarE No. 65.—Ozytenanthera monostigma, Beddome. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle; 3, portion of culm with sheath; 4, culm-sheath—of natural size; 9, spikelet; 6, empty glume; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, staminal tube and anthers; 10, anther; 11, ovary, style and feathery stigma; 12, caryopsis—enlarged, (No. 3 from fresh Bombay specimens; rest from Brandis’ Sattara specimens.) 7. OxrrENANTHERA Stocks, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 130. A slender bamboo. Culms grey-green, glabrous or covered with close soft pubes- сепсе, solid or with а small cavity, with few branches from the nodes, which are marked by а ring and soft pubescence; internodes 6 to 12 in. long. Culm-shea!hs 6 to 9 in. long, 3 to 7 in. wide at base, tapering gradually upwards and воте- what concavely truncate at top; densely appressed brown hairy on the back, ciliate on the margins; imperfect blade subulate acuminate, rounded at the base, and again expanded into a rounded, waved, long-fringed auricle on the top of the sheath; ligule long, 73 іп., deeply fimbriate, conspicuous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 {о 8 іп. long, :4 to ‘7 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a very short *1 in. petiole; at top ending in a setaceous point; glabrous above, except near the edges where the veins are scabrous, glabrous or hairy below, scabrous on the margins ; main vein narrow, pale, shining beneath, secondary veins 5 to 6 with 6 or 7 intermediate, not prominent ; leaf-sheath striate, glabrous or at first pubescent, mouth somewhat produced; ligule rather long, dentate. Inflorescence а large panicle of spicate heads, with many closely-packed spinous spikelets, the heads supported by rounded chaffy bracts ; rachis smooth, striate, the distance between verticils 1 to 2 in.; heads 1 in. in diameter. Spikelets 4 105 in. long, narrow, glabrous, mucronate, many fertile mixed with a few sterile. Empty glumes 2, ovate-mucronate, 5- to 7-nerved; then two hermaphrodite flowers; flowering glumes ovate, sub-acute with a strong mucro on the back; palea of lower flower as long as flowering glume, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 5-nerved between, blunt, that of upper flower concave, convolute, blunt. Stamens long exserted, tube rather persistent; anthers short, acute. Ovary ovoid, hairy, with sine "a style and undivided purple plumose ) is not seen. Beddome FI. Sylv. ссхххш. E m by Stocks; by W. A. Talbot at Carwar in 1889, and at Coompta Өзек i : usually cultivated. а = 18 id very well known, but it ‘is recognized by the acute and not apiculate anthers and 2-flowered spikelets. I have, as did Brandis, examined | many spikelets without finding the 2- to 3-fid stigma. — All I have seen are undivided. T а gives the Капага name as Konda man, but says the commonest name is Mace (Més 2). I think that ап Ozytenanthera collected by myself in the S. E. Wynaad, Nilgiris, with Ах». Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. УП. 46 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. narrow leaves, long petioles, and a narrow papery culm-sheath much resembling that of Dendrocalamus strictus, which this does to some extent, may probably prove to be this species; but there is not enough evidence as yet. Рілте No. 66.—Ozytenanthera осв, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2 & 3, flowering branches—of natural size; 4, culm-sheath—slightly reduced; 5, spikelet; 6, empty glume; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea of lower flowers; 9, palea of upper flowers; 10, anther; 11, ovary and stigmas—endarged. (All from specimens received from Mr. W. A. Talbot.) / 8. OxYTENANTHERA Воопвоплом, n. sp. Gamble, А moderate-sized bamboo forming open clumps with rather a straggling habit. Culms with long internodes. Culm-sheaths coriaceous in texture, 6 to 12 in. long, often 6 in. broad, glabrous -except for a few stiff black hairs below, striate, only slightly narrowed at the truncate top; imperfect blade 2 to З in. long, triangular, very sharply mucronate, striate, glabrous except for a few stiff black hairs within, decurrent at the base into rounded, reeurved, entire wings which line the whole of the upper edge of the sheath; ligule 2 in. long, glabrous, faintly serrate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, thin, 6 to 9 in. long by 1 to 19 in. broad; unequally attenuate at the base into а 79 in. long petiole ; ending above in а twisted scabrous point; smooth above, except near the margins and midrib where there are scabrous рарШе, smooth below, edges scabrous; main vein narrow shining below, secondary veins not prominent, 7 to 8, with usually 7 intermediate; leaf-sheath striate, soft, ending in а pair of shining calluses with a depression between, one often rounded, short, the other long, almost acute, slightly produced at the mouth to meet the ligule; ligule long, serrate. Inflorescence a large panicle of spicate branchlets bearing globular heads of many spikelets, the heads about 1°5 in. apart and 15 to 2 in. in diameter; rachis soft, striate, fistular. Spikelets °7 to 78 in. long by '1 to 2 in. broad, 8-flowered, mucronate, glabrous except on the edges of the palea; empty glumes 2, 2 to “4 in. long, ovate, mucronate, many-nerved ; flowering glume "6 to "7 in. long, mucronate, that of lowest flower longer that the next; palea 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, obtuse, 3-nerved between keels, that of uppermost flower only .grooved on the back above and there ciliate, acute; terminal rachilla ciliate, with а short setaceous imperfect flower. Stamens exserted, tube thick when young, anther apiculate. Ovary ovoid-acute, hairy, surmounted by a hairy style dividing into 3 small sub-plumose stigmas. Caryopsis linear-oblong, “4 in. long, crowned by the hairy persis- tent enlarged base of the style, grooved on one side, embryo conspicuous. Western Ghats of Travancore: “grows only on steep precipitous pase ind wet rocks at. elevations of 3,000 to 4,000 ft."—J. F. Bourdillon., | _ This interesting species is at once recognizable from: the rest by its soft texture, leathery sheath, the curious calluses оп the leaf sheath, and the long 3-flowered spike- let. Тһе flowers seem to be all hermaphrodite, Ше. uppermost only. producing seed; but the available Specimens are rather old, and many spikelets have had. to be examined to find the stamens. It was first collected in flower by J. Е. Bourdillon in 1889, and I obtained. specimens through the kindness of Mr. M. A. Lawson, the Director. of the Botaujeal Department in. South India. Afterwards, Mr. Bourdillon kindly pro- eured ше the leaves and culm-sheaths, and I have great pleasure in associating his name with his discoyery. Judging by the culm-sheaths, the culms must reach 2 in. ве е SO MEE NEU. NE) Глад 39 $ de я. p а weed INDIAN BAMBUSEE; GAMBLE. c in diameter at least. The long flowering P of the lowest flower gives Ше spike- let the арреатепсе of being double. Prate No. 67.— Ozytenanthera Bourdilloui, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, рагі of fesses panicle ;—of natural size 3, culm-sheath— somewhat vili: 4, XU UE 9 & 6, empty glumes ; 7, flowering в ‚ palea of lower flower; 9, palea of uppermost flower; 10, staminal tube and stamens; 11, terminal rachilla; 12, ovary, style and stigmas; 13 & 14, caryopsis—enlarged. | ка Sub-tribe 3. — DENDROCALAMER. Spikelets 2- to many-flowered, usually in heads on the branches of a panicle; ovary hairy above; caryopsis small with а crustaceous pericarp . . . 7. Dendrocalamus. _ Spikelets 2-flowered, in heads on the branches of а panicle; ovary glabrous above; caryopsis large with а thick fleshy pericarp. . . ° ‚ ‚ 8. Melocalamus. Spikelets. 1-flowered. Caryopsis small, dud globose, with crustaceous pericarp . . + + . 9. Pseudostachyum, Caryopsis elongate, -beaked. Pericarp erustaoeouS | o v e v'e < sal e e. mo» о S 10. Teinostachyum. . Pericarp thick, separable . . . » . . . ss + . © © © © « 11. Cophalstachysm, 7. Dendrocalamus, Nees. Arborescent bamboos, always unarmed, sometimes of very large size. Culms usually erect from a densely ramified rootstock. Culm-sheaths deciduous, often very large, variably auricled, usually elongate ; imperfect blade narrowly triangular. Leaves shortly petiolate, variable in size, sometimes very broad, with no transverse veinlets, but frequently with pellucid glands instead. ^ J»flerescence a large compound panicle, the spikelets . usually in round congested heads in long spikes. Spikelets ovate, acute or obtuse, flowers few, rarely more than six, usually hermaphrodite. Empty glumes 2 to 3, many- nerved, ovate, acute or mucronate. Flowering glume similar to empty glume. Palee ovate, acute or truncate or emarginate or cleft, those of lower flowers 2-keeled, ciliate, those of uppermost flower usually rounded on the back and not ciliate. Lodicules ` none or very scarce. Stamens, 6, filaments free; anthers mucronate or with tufted hairs. Ovary ovoid, or sub-globular, often depressed, hairy above; style long, usually hairy, base persistent ; stigma usually simple. Caryopsis small, the seed surrounded by a crustaceous or hardened pericarp, the position of the embryo not usually visible on. the surface. DisrgIB.— Sixteen: species are, so far, known, consisting of the fifteen here described and one (2. latiflorus, Munro) found in China and the island of Formosa. Of the Indian species, one (D. strictus) is the most widespread and common of all Indian bamboos; the rest are confined to the North-East Himalaya, the Indo-Burmese and the Burma- Malay regions. D. giganteus is the largest of the Indian bamboos. | Analysis of the species. Bpikelets i in spinous, ‘congested, spicate heads, leaves usually narrow—SEcrion L ‘Spikelets usually hirsute, caryopsis rounded. Anther-tips acute, spikelets moderately hirsnte . . . . . T . . `1. D. аі. Anther-tips blunt, spikelets very silky-hairy 154255. 00.7, Me РР. serieeus, ‚ Spikelets usually glabrous, caryopsis elongate . . . . . . . . + » 8. D. membranaceus, : 18. ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Spikelets in large, soft, congested heads, leaves usually broad—Sercrion II. . Spikelets acute, culm-sheaths very hairy. | Heads large, 15 in. broad, dark-eoloured ; leaf- and culm-sheaths conspicuously fringed . 4. D. sikkimensis. Heads not more than 1 in. Қз alin “batata ах pm sheaths little fringed . poe e ae ж, A ДА Не. Spikelets blunt, culm-sheaths er ог = 80. Culm- and leaf-sheaths not fringed . . . . . . . + . . . . 6. D. Hamiltoni. Culm- and leaf-sheaths long-fringed . . . 60» « & » 7, О, patanta Spikelets few, in small heads, many sterile—Sxcrion HL Spikelets long, ovate-acute. Culm-sheaths broad, nearly glabrous, ligule long, = ыйа . . . 8. D. giganteus. Culm-sheaths hirsute, ligule short, palea acute . . ... 9. D. calostachyus. Spikelets short, blunt; culm-sheaths elongate, thin . . . . . . . . 10. D. longispathus. Spikelets short, ovate. · · Heads moderately ispa Mad Е € 08 4 Wa wow wow в. d Вы Heads small, few-flowered. Leaves without fringed auricles . . . . . . .. . + . . . 12. D. flagellifer. Leaves with long-fringed auricles . . . . . + . . . . . 13. D. longifimbriatus. Leaves unknown. Spikelets small, in soft, rather large, heads . . . . . . + + + . . 14. D. Рамзи. Spikelets large, white, and in soft, loose heads . . . ТЕ x.» A. D. Сопот SECTION I. 1. DenprocaLamus STRICTUS, Nees in Linnea ix. 476. A deciduous, densely-tufted bamboo, with strong culms which are solid, or with only a small cavity. Culms variable in size according to climate, 20 to 50 ft. high, 1 to 3 in. in diameter, glaucous-green when young, dull green or yellowish when old; nodes somewhat swollen and in open situations bearing leafy, often deflexed, branches even from the base, lower nodes often rooting; internodes short, 12 to 18 in. long; upper branches curved, drooping; walls thick. Culm-sheaths variable, lower ones shorter, 3 to 12 in. long, covered on the back with golden brown stiff hairs, sometimes glabrous in dry localities, striate, rounded at the top, ciliate at the edges, very slightly auricled ; imperfect blade triangular, subulate, hairy on both sides, especially within; ligule narrow. Leaves linear-lanceolate, varying from 1 to 2 in. long in dry localities, up to 10 in. in moist ones, and :2 to 1:2 in. broad; rounded suddenly at the base into а short petiole; gradually narrowed upwards into a sharply acuminate, twisted point; rough and often hairy above, softly hairy beneath, scabrous on the edges; main vein prominent, secondary veins 3 to 6 pairs, intermediate 6 to 8, no transverse veins, but frequent pellucid dots between the veinlets ; /eaf-sheaíhs striate, hairy, ending in a prominent callus and short auricle with а few wavy, deciduous сШіге ; ligule narrow, serrate. Inflorescence a large branching panicle of large, dense, globular heads, 15 to 2 in. apart; rachis rounded, smooth. Spikelets spinescent, usually hairy, the fertile intermixed with many sterile smaller ones, "3 to 5 in. long and 1 to °2 im. broad, with 2 to 3 fertile flowers; empty glumes 2 or more, ovate, spinescent, many-nerved ; flowering glumes ovate, udine in а sharp spine surrounded by ciliate tufts of hair; palæ ovate or obovate, emarginate, lower ones 2-keeled, ciliate: on the INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 7 keels and 2-nerved between them, uppermost not keeled, often nearly glabrous, 6 to 8-пегуей. Stamens long-exserted, filaments fine; anthers yellow, shortly apiculate. Ovary turbinate, stalked, hairy above and surmounted by a long style ending in a purple feathery séyima, Caryopsis brown, shining, ovoid to sub-globose, "3 in. long, hairy above, beaked with the persistent base of the style, pericarp coriaceous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 421; Munro in Trans. Linn, бос. xxvi. 147; Beddome Fl. Sylv. сеххху. t. ссехху; Brandis Por. Flora 569, t. 70; Кит For. Fl. Burma іі. 558, Ind, Forester i. 346; Voigt Hort, Sub. Cale. 718. Вамвов srricra, Roxb. Согот. Pl. i. 58, t. 80. BAMBUSA STRICTA, 02$. Hort. Beng. 25, Fl. Ind. п. 193; Kunth in Journ. de Phys. (1822) 148, Enum. 431; Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. 1339; Ruprecht Ватђ. 56, tab. xii, fig. 56; Steudel Syn. 330; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fi 299. BAMBUSA VERTICILLATA, Rottler (according to Munro). BAMBUSA PUBESCENS, Lodd. in Lindl. Penny Cycl. iii. 857 (1835). ВамвовА TANGA, Buch.-Ham. in Wall, Cat. 50384. Dry hills throughout India and Burma. It is found to the north in the Punjab Salt Range, and extends down along the base of the Himalaya and in the Siwalik Range to Nepal, but does not occur in Sikkim orin the Assam Valley. It is conimon throughout the hills of the Eastern and Western Gháts and of Central and South India, ascending to 3,000 ft., and is found in the Eng and drier upper mixed forests throughout Burma, but is absent from Ceylon. Southwards, it is said to extend to Singapore and Java (Büse and Munro) In the valleys of Burma and South India it reaches a large size with hollow culms, longer leaves and culm sheaths; but in the dry Пессап hills and in the Siwaliks it is small and has nearly solid culms, small leaves and sheaths, It has been found in an interesting, nearly glabrous-flowered, variety, in the Great Cocos Islands by Dr. D. Prain (Voyage of the * Investigator"). This is the most common and most widely spread and most universally used of the Indian bamboos, and is commonly known as the ‘male bamboo.’ Its culms are employed by the natives for all purposes of building and furniture, for mats, baskets, sticks and other purposes. It furnishes, when solid culms are procurable, the best material for lance shafts, In Burma, when large culms are obtainable, they are much in request for masts for native boats. It flowers gregariously over large areas, as it did in the Central Provinces in 1865; in Garhwal in 1879; in Oudh in 1880; in Kurnool in 1887; in the Golgonda Hills in 1890, and in North Arcot in 1891; but it may be found flowering sporadically, a few clumps at a time, almost every year, in any locality, and such clumps then usually die off. These flowerings, however, do not produce as much good seed as when the gregarious flowering takes place. The flowers appear in the cold season between November and April, the seed ripening in June. The leaves fall in February or March, and the young new ones appear in April. The young culms are rather late, usually beginning to appear in July some time after the rains begin. It is locally known in North India as Bans and Bans kaban; it is Karail (Bengali), Salia bans (Uriya), the Telugu Sadanapa Vedru or kauka; the Burmese Myinwa. Dalzell and Gibson give the Bombay names ‘ Bans’ and ‘ Oodha,’ but a series of specimens received from Bombay from Messrs. Wroughton, Millett, Osmaston, Fisher, Betham, show Oodha to be Bambusa Ritcheyi (Ozytenanthera monostigma), and that this species is called Més (Роопа), Manwel, bándhi (Thana), Ката wán (Panch Mahals). In size of culm and in the size and characters of the culm- sheaths, leaves and spikelet heads it is most variable. On dry hill slopes in the Siwaliks, on the rocky hills of Central India (e.g, Mount Abu) and the Deccan, it 80 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. is small, with narrow, very hard, nearly solid culms, small often hairy culm-sheaths, and short leaves; while in Burma, in Bengal, and in moister localities in South India, the culms are much larger, the culm-sheaths longer and stouter, and the leaves longer. It is very easily grown either from seed ог from root offsets, and the culms take 5 years to form clumps in favourable localities. On its growth and cultivation, Colonel Doveton's excellent paper in ‘Indian Forester) vol. ix, p. 529, may be consulted. The following account of its uses in the Central Provinces (and indeed the remarks apply really to all places in India when it is the principal species) is worth quoting from that paper:—‘ This bamboo is used for rafters and battens, spear and lance-shafts, * walking sticks, whip handles, stakes to support sugarcane, for the manufacture of * small mats used like slates in roofing, mats for floors, covers of carts, sieves, hand *punkahs, umbrellas, light chairs and sofas, vessels for holding grease and oil, bows, “arrows and cordage, and for the manufacture of many other minor articles. It is “also used for the buoyage of heavy timbers in rafting, and when converted into “charcoal, is in request for the finer smith's work. Dry stems are also used for *torches, and the production of fire by friction. The leaves are much sought after “as food for buffaloes and are fairly good fodder for horses. The seed is used іп *times of famine as food grain, and while wheat sold at 12 seers for the rupee, * bamboo seed sold at from 40 to 50 seers. It will probably come into use for the * consolidation and support of embankments.” Puate No. 68.—Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees; the larger leaf- and flower-bearing variety. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-panicle,—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath— reduced to about +; 4, spikelet ; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea ; 7, anther ; 8, ovary and style; 9, 10 caryopsis ; 11 leaf-sheath—en/arged. (1 to 9 from a specimen gathered by myself in the Northern Circars, 10, 11 from Dehra Dún specimens.) Puare No. 69.—Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees; the smaller leaf- and flower-bearing variety of the Deccan and Carnatic. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, part of flower-panicle—of natural size; З, culm-sheath—reduced ; 4, spikelet—enlarged (all from my Madras specimens); A у spikelet of the variety (var. Prainiana) from Table Island, Great Cocos ; characterized by smaller spikelets, fewer flowers and nearly glabrous flowering glumes. Note.—(The excellent figure by Fitch in Brandis’ Forest Flora shows almost better than either of these two Plates the most usual form and size of the flower-heads. Тһе fig. 80 of Roxburgh's Coromandel Plants is a poor one, but represents, in my opinion, this species and not, as Munro says, Ozylenanthera Thwaitesii. The spikelet clearly shows separate and not monadelphous stamens.) 2. DENDROCALAMUS SERICEUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 148. A densely tufted bamboo with strong culms resembling those of D. strictus, Culm- sheaths. striate, long-ciliate on the edges, covered with stiff bristles with swollen bases ; imperfect blade short, triangular, acute. Leaves lanceolate, long acuminate, 5 to 15 in. long, “7 to 1 in. broad, usually rounded at the base into a longish petiole; hairy or hispid above, hairy beneath, scabrous on the edges; point long, twisted; main vein prominent beneath, shining, secondary veins 6 or 7 pairs, intermediate about 7 ; leaf- sheaths striate, somewhat keeled, strigosely hairy in lines down the sides, ending in a ciliate truncate callus; ligule narrow, fimbriate, serrate, Inflorescence a large panicle INDIAN BAMBUSEJE; GAMBLE. 8l with stout branches bearing distant globular heads 15 to 2 in. apart and supported by glabrous or sparsely hairy triangular bracts; rachis rounded, striate, hairy above. Spikelets spinescent, acute, densely silky, hairy, the fertile intermixed with many small sterile ones, 340 “4 in. long, with 2 to 3 fertile flowers ; empty glumes 2, blunt, many-nerved, densely silky on the edges and upper part outside, glabrous within; Jlowering glume ovate- acute, or ending in a long, sharp spine and bearded with silky hairs below it; раса acute or emarginate, that of lower flowers 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and hairy on the wings, glabrous and 3-nerved between the keels, that of the uppermost flower long, acute, rounded on the back, not keeled, silkily hairy at the tip, about 9-nerved. Stamens apparently little exserted; anthers yellow, bluntly apiculate and sometimes minutely penicillate. Ovary narrowly ovoid, gradually passing into а long hairy style ending in a purple plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. . Summit of Mount Parasnáth, Chota Nagpore, Bengal, at 4,000 feet, where it has been collected by Hooker, Thomson and Kurz, the two latter finding flowers in 1858 and 1871 (?) It is not known from any other locality. As remarked by Munro, this species has very few definite characters to distinguish it from D. strictus, but it has a distinct appearance owing to the spreading silky “pubescence on the spikelets. I do not find the uppermost palea to be keeled as Munro describes it, and I consider the blunt anther tips, more pointed райе, and less depressed ovary the best characters; for I have seen some Chota Nagpore specimens of D. strictus which come near it in the pubescence. PrarE No. 70.—Dendrocalamus sericeus, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle,—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5, flowering glume; 6, palea of lower flowers; 7, palea of uppermost flowers; 8, anther; 9, ovary—enlaryed. (All from Thomson’s specimens.) 3. DENDROCALAMUS MEMBRANACEUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvi. 149. A moderate-sized strong-growing bamboo forming loose clumps. Culms very straight, 60 to 70 ft. high, up to 4 in. in diameter, when young covered with white powdery deciduous scurf, green when old; nodes strongly ringed; those near the base bearing root- lets; internodes 9 to 15 in. long; upper branches thin, drooping, leafy. ^ Culm-sheaths longer than the internodes, 12 to 20 in. long, 5 to 8 in. broad, glabrous outside or with appressed dark brown stiff hairs, narrowed in the upper third into а dark brown, waved, fringed auricle to which the imperfect blade is attached ; | imperfect blade long, narrow, reflexed, with brown hairs on both sides, but especially within at the base, 13 LJ 16 in. long by about 1 in. broad, tapering to a point; ligule up to "4 in. long, hairy within and roughly serrate. Leaves on slender branchlets, thin, pale, lanceolate, 5 to 10 in. long, -5 to *8 in. broad, rounded or attenuate at the base into a short petiole finely twisted, acuminate, hispid above, hairy on the midrib beneath j retrorsely scabrous on the margins; main vein prominent, glabrous, secondary veins 4 to 7 pairs, intermediate 7 to 9 : leaf-sheaths striate, ending in а callus, cleft nearly to the base, falcate-auricled and with long purplish сШе, very white-hairy when young ; ligule obtuse, very short, hairy within, longer and ciliate in young seedling specimens. Inflorescence a large compound БЕТТІ with distant globular heads, 1 to 2 in. apart ; rachis glabrous or often white-pruinose in the upper part, heads “7 to 1 in. in diameter, spinescent. Spikelets Ахх. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 89 ANNALS ОЕ THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. slightly compressed, glossy, nearly glabrous, 4 to "5 in. long by `1 to 2 in. broad, with 2 to 3 fertile flowers; empty glumes 2, ovate, blunt or acute; flowering glumes ovate, often ciliate on the edges, mucronate, striate, glabrous; palea as long as flowering glumes, rather blunt, those of lower flowers keeled, ciliate on the keels and 3-nerved between them, that of uppermost flower rounded and nearly glabrous, few- nerved, acute. Stamens exserted, filaments long, fine; anthers yellow, shortly apiculate. Ovary ovoid, hairy above, glabrous below, ovate, produced into a long hairy style ending in a purple plumose stiyma. Caryopsis broadly ovate, rounded at base, 2 to :3 in. long, grooved on one side and somewhat flattened, ending in a sharp point formed by the persistent base of the style; embryo distinct. Kurz For. Fl. Burma i. 560. Moist forests and low ground in Eastern Burma down to Tenasserim. 16 has been colleeted in Martaban by Wallich in 1827; in the Yónzalin valley by Brandis in 1857 and 1862; in Tenasserim by Beddome in 1879; in the Yomas by Kurz in 1871; and in the Wuntho and Pinhwe forests by J. W. Oliver in 1800. In its inflorescence, this species resembles glabrous forms of D. strictus, and may easily be mistaken for 15. It is, however, at once distinguishable by the nearly glabrous spikelets, thinner leaves, less rounded at the base, culm-sheaths with waved hairy auricles and recurved apical leaf and more elongate grooved caryopsis. It is used in building, "The Burmese names vary, for Kurz calls it Wa-ya, Brandis Wa-yai, wamu, and Oliver Wapyu. Puate No. 71.—Dendrocalamus | membranaceus, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of fiower-panicle—of natural size; 8, culm;sheath—reduced; 4, spikelet; 5, palea, stamens and pistil; 6, palea of lower flower; 7, palea of upper flower; 8, ovary and style; 9, caryopsis—enlarged ; 10, leaf-sheath of seedling plant (from plant grown from Burma seed); 11, leaf-sheath of older plant (all, except 10, from Brandis and Kurz’ Burma specimens). 4. DENDROCALAMUS SIKKIMENSIS, Gamble in Hooker Ic. Plant. t. 1770, A large bamboo with cæspitose stems and few culms. Culms large, 50 to 60 and more feet high, naked below, branched above, 5 to 7 in. in diameter, dark green; nodes ringed; internodes 18 in. long rough; walls 15 in. thick. Culm-sheaths large, 12 in. long by 15 in. broad, densely covered with a dark golden brown felt of matted stiff hairs, broad at the top; imperfect blade lanceolate, variable, usually as long as the sheath, 2 to 3 in. broad, recurved, hairy on both faces and decurrent on each side into a large recurved, faleate auricle which is fringed with long (often nearly 1 in.) curved, fibrous, pale bristles; ligule about *2 in. broad, glabrous, sharply serrate. Leaves variable in size, those of ordinary branches 6 to 10 in. long by 10 to 2 in. broad, unequal sided, oblong-lanceolate,. acuminate in a twisted black tip; rounded at the base into a short, thick petiole; smooth above, strigosely hirsute and rough below, edges scabrous ; main vein prominent, secondary veins not prominent, usually about 10 pairs: those of young plants and shoots elliptic-acuminate up to 12 in. long and 3 in. broad; main vein rather prominent, secondary veins 12 pairs, intermediate 7; Jjeaf-sheaths smooth, glabrous, shining, ending in a small ciliate callus and furnished at the edges with falcate hairy auricles fringed with stiff bristles; Пуше short, hairy, often long-fringed or fimbriate. Inflorescence a large panicle with stiff nodose branches, bearing large red-brown globose heads usually 2 in. apart and 15 in. in diameter; rachis dull brown, faintly pubescent. Spikelets lanceolate, somewhat. Маш, "5 to 77 in. long; empty glumes З to 4, oval, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 85 rounded, kecled and ciliate on the keels, otherwise glabrous; fertile flowers 2 to 3; Лошеттд glume ovate, acute, glabrous, mucronate, ciliate on the edges; palea of lower flowers 2-keeled, densely shaggy on the keels and blunt, sometimes slightly bifid at the tip, many-veined; palea of uppermost flower not keeled, acute, hairy at tip, many- veined; final flower sterile, reduced to a thin, papery glume. Stamens exserted, yellow(?), acute, Ovary sub-globular, hairy, with a short, thick, hairy sfyle and club-shaped hairy stigma, Curyopsis obovate-depressed, apiculate, shining above with a few hairs, wrinkled below. Gardeners Chronicle 6th June 1890 and 3rd December 1892. Hills of the North-East Himalaya in Sikkim and Bhutan, 4,000 to 6,000 feet; and at Tura Peak, Garo Hills, at 3,500 feet. Also cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, at Peradeniya in Ceylon, in the Nilgiris and elsewhere from seed collected by R. Pantling in 1885. Also grown in the Royal Gardens, Kew; at Castlewellan, County Down and other places in Europe. Our flowering specimens are due to Mr. Pantling’s energy. This beautiful bamboo is the largest in Sikkim, where it has bigger culms than those of D. Hamiltonii, and is the one preferred by Lepchas and Bhutias for making the ‘chungas’ for carrying water and milk, and for churning butter. It is known to the Lepchas by the name of Pugriang and to the Garos as Wadah (G. Mann). The leaves are said to be poisonous to cattle in Sikkim, and specimens sent for identification in 1893 to Mr. J. F. Duthie as having caused death to horses who had eaten some from the same clump, proved to belong to this species. Mr. Mann’s splendid Tura specimens show the ligules as not fringed, but the imperfect blades bearing beautiful long-fringed auricles. The species is readily distinguished by its large flower heads, densely velvety felted stem-sheath and the long-ciliate auricles of the leaf-sheaths. Prate No. 72.— Dendrocalamus sikkimensis, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath (old); 4, apex of stem-sheath from young shoots— reduced; 5, spikelet; 6, spikelet, open; 7, palea of lower flowers; 8, palea of upper flowers ; 9, anther ; 10, ovary with style and stigma; 11 & 12, сагуорзв with section— enlarged. (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 from Plate 1770 of Hooker's Icones Plantarum; No, 3 from Mr. G, Mann’s Garo Hills specimen; rest from specimens of Mr. Pantling’s collecting.) 6. DENDRocALAMUS Hookrmr, Munro in Trans, Linn. Soc, xxvi. 151. A large bamboo with cespitose stems and long curving branches. Culms large, 50 to 60 ft. high, usually naked below, much-branched above, 4 to 6 in. in diameter, dark green, lower internodes somewhat rough hairy, walls about 1 in. . thick; internodes 18 to 20 in. long. Culm-sheaths large, very broad at base when old, narrower in younger stems or on the upper branches, about 16 in. broad at base, 8 to 12 in. long, deusely covered with black or brown hairs outside, glabrous inside, narrowed above to 2 to 3 in. where the imperfect. blade is inserted А and furnished with small rounded auricles covered with long stiff ciliæ, edges ciliate ; imperfect blade rounded at base, triangular-cuspidate above or elongate-cuspidate, 3 to 7 in. long, hairy above, glabrous below ; ligule 2 to :3 in. long, glabrous, sharply serrate. Leaves large, rounded at base into a very short petiole, somewhat unequal-sided, oblong-lanceolate, with a long twisted, hispid, acuminate tip; smooth above, rough below, and with scattered hairs near the base, scabrous on the edges ; main vein very prominent, yellow, shining, secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, conspicuous, inter- mediate usually. 7 to 8, with pellucid dots between, bars like transverse veiulets Ann. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 81 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. apparent when dry; /eaf-sheaths striate, hairy below, glabrous and brown shining above, truncate or somewhat produced at the mouth, which is sometimes furnished with a few stiff long bristles, callus large ; ligule conspicuous, truncate or produced, glabrous. Inflorescence a large compound panicle bearing at intervals of 2 to 3 in. dense globular heads of spikelets, 1 in. in diameter; internodes dull grey-green, striate, some- what hirsute. Spikelets "8 to ‘4 in. long by ‘1 in. broad, ovate, acute, minutely pubescent ; empty glumes 2, ovate, blunt; fertile flowers 2 to 3; flowering glumes ovate, acute, the uppermost mucronate, with many veins and frequent transverse veinlets ; palea of lower flowers 2-keeled, acute, ciliate on the keels, hardly veined between, that of upper flower not at all, or only slightly, keeled, ciliate at tip. Stamens little exserted ; anthers long, ending in a penicillate point. Ovary narrowly ovoid, acuminate, hairy, surmounted by a hairy style and ending in a twisted plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. Brandis For. Flora 570. -Khasia and Jaintea Hills in Assam, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, extending to the Bhamo District in Upper Burma. In the Khasia Hills it. has been collected by Hooker and Thomson, and by G. Mann. In Assam, this species is locally known as Seiat, ussey, sejsai, sjong, denga, ukotang С. Mann says it is cultivated in villages and used for building and basket-work- purposes. Specimens in flower were also collected by E. E. Fernandez near Naini Tal in Kumaun, in cultivated clumps, the seed of which was said to have come from Nepaul. This was in 1881, while Hooker’s flowering specimens from the Khasia Hills were obtained in 1850. The Bhamo specimens, named Kawa ule (Kachin), were sent. by J. W. Oliver, Conservator of Forests. It was also collected by J. L. Lister in 1875 in the Dikrung Valley, Daphla Hills, at 2,000 to 3,000 feet, who says that it is the large one of the country and used for ‘ chungas’ or water-buckets. It is also cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, (No. 28). I also identify with this species the Sikkim bamboo known as Раш (Lepcha), Tili bans (Nepalese) collected by myself and Mr. G. A. Gammie, and this identification is also supported by Munro’s note on specimens of Patu collected by T. Anderson. This species is difficult to distinguish from D. Найти when in leaf, but its more hairy sheaths and shorter leaf ligules separate it from that species. These, on the other hand, resemble those of D. sikkimensis, though the leaves and flowers are quite distinct. It is chiefly recog- nizable by the very hairy sheath and narrow acute spikelets. | Prare No. 78.— Dendrocalamus Hookeri, Munro. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, part of flowering, panicle—of natural size; 3, sheath from lower part of stem; 4, sheath from upper part —reduced; 5, spikelet; 6, palea of lower flowers; 7, palea of upper flower ; 8, anther ; 9, ovary and style—enlarged. (Nos. 1 to 3 from Hooker's Khasia Hills specimens ; No. 4 from Mann’s; Nos. 5 to 9 from Fernandez's specimens.) 7. DENDROCALAMUS Намплохп, Nees and Arn, A large bamboo with cæspitose culms; sometimes growing tall and erect, but more often sending out its stems at an angle or curved downwards. Culms large, 40 to 60 and even up to 80 ft. high, usually naked below, much-branched above; 4 to 7 in. in diameter, greyish-white when young, with dense appressed pubescence, dull green when old; nodes marked with root-scars; internodes 12 to 20 in. long, walls INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 85 "5 in. thick; culm-sheaths long and stiff, variable in size, those of lower part of large stems 16 to 18 in. long, about 8 in. broad, glabrous, shining within, rough and either glabrous or with scanty patches of brown stiff appressed hairs without, truncate at top, and furnished on either side with a small glabrous triangular point; imperfect blade about 2 as broad at the base as the top of the sheath, often 12 in. long, narrow, ovate-lanceo- late, sides incurved, glabrous without, but with many thick black sharp hairs at the base within; ligule 2 in. broad, smooth, entire. Leaves variable, small on side branches, but on new shoots reaching 15 in. long and 95 in. broad, usually unequal-sided, rounded at the base into a short thick petiole, above broadly lanceolate and cuspidate, acuminate at the tip which is scabrous and twisted, smooth above, rough beneath, finely serrate at the edges; main vein narrow, raised, secondary уешв 6 to 17 pairs, fairly prominent, number on either side sometimes unequal, intermediate 5 to 7, having pellucid dots between which form cross bars resembling transverse veinlets when dry; /ea/-sheaths glabrous above, furnished below with white appressed stiff hairs, somewhat keeled below the shining callus, produced at the mouth to meet the ligule, which is broad and usually elongate and obliquely truncate or jagged. Inflorescence a huge, much-branched panicle with many whorls of branchlets, bearing half-verticellate semi-globular heads of purple flowers, supported by rounded scarious bracts; rachis-joints 1 in. or less long, thick, fistular, scabrous and white-pruinose, especially below the swoollen nodes, furrowed on one side; heads variable, from "5 in. up to 15 in. in diameter, spikelets chiefly fertile. Spikelets purple, oval, depressed, “4 in. long, glabrous; empty glumes usually two, short, rounded, nerved; flowers 2 to 4, usually all fertile; flowering glume broad, orbicular, somewhat recurved, ciliate on the edges; palea of lower flowers as long as flowering glumes, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and bifid at the acute apex, 2-nerved on the back, that of last flower not keeled, hairy at the acute apex only, many-nerved. Stamens long, exserted, pendulous; anthers purple, the connective produced into а long, black, hairy, twisted point. Ovary sub-orbicular, hairy, with a long hairy style and trifid plumose stigma, Сатуор518 broadly ovoid, rounded at the base, beaked with the indurated style, hairy or glabrous above, glabrous below, embryo visible. Munro іп Trans Linn. Soc. xxvi. 151; Brandis For. Flora 570. BAMBUSA MoNoGYwNa, Grifith Notule, p. 63, Icon. 2, BAMBUSA MAXIMA, Buch.-Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5039. | Вамвоза F'ALCONEERI, Munro in Trans. Linn. Кос. xxvi. 95 (part). г North-East Himalaya, Assam Valley, Khasia Hills, Sylhet, extending eastwards to Upper Burma, and westwards to the Sutlej, though doubtfully indigenous beyond m is the common bamboo of the Darjeeling Hills and Тега, of the Duars and the Assam Valley, and is in universal employment for building and basket and mat work, though as a building bamboo its comparative sofinoss and thin walls make it inferior to such species as Bambusa Tulda and Balcooa. It is largely grown in Dehra Dún, and is met, with here and there in the hills of Garhwal and Jaunsar, but always Abe villages and never in forest, so it can hardly be indigenous. és. ав ваув that it is ‘common along banks of streams in evergreen and moist forest’ in Katha and Bhamo, where it is locally known as ‘ Wabo-myetsangy?? (Burm.) Abdul Huk, collector, has sent it from the Ruby Mines. In the Dehra Dún and Lower North- West Himalaya it is called Chye. In Darjeeling it is known by the names of Tama (Хер.) and Рао (Lepcha); in Assam as Kokwa and Pecha (Bengali), Fonay (Mikir), and ri d (Garo). The young shoots are eaten as a vegetable. The inner layer of the 86 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANiC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. culm-sheath is used for covering Burmese cigarettes. This bamboo flowers usually sporadi- cally, so that clumps in flower may almost always be found; and consequently it has been largely and often collected: at the same time, like other species, it sometimes flowers gregariously as it is doing this year (1894) both in Sikkim and in Пеша Dún. Of its straggling habit, so noticeable in the forests of Bengal and Burma, but curiously much less so in the Dün, J. W. Oliver remarks, * When they have no trees to support them, the main stems bend over, forming impenetrable thickets, and the lateral branches ascend vertically, often forming shoots nearly as long as the main stems." This species is very easily identified by its panicles of bright purple-red flowers; and when out of flower the grey stems, long nearly glabrous stem sheaths and straggling habit cause it to be easily recognized. Тһе long hairy points to the anthers are also remarkable. Ртлте No. 74.—Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii, Nees. and Arn. 1, leaf-braneh ; 2, part of flowering panicle—of natural size; 3, stem-sheath— reduced ; 4, spikelet; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea of lower flowers; 7, palea of uppermost flower; 8, anther; 9, ovary and style with trifid stigma; 10, the same, older; 11, caryopsis; 12, leaf-sheath—u enlarged, No. 4 many times. (АП from my own Sikkim specimens.) Var. 8. edulis, Munro, is a well-marked variety distinguished by the larger, more fistular internodes to the panicle, much larger and more con- gested, often long-bracteate heads, spikelets with more numerous flowers and bigger and broader leaves. It is common in the Dar- jeeling Hills, and is distinguished from the type by the natives, who call it Yim-yot-pao (Lepcha). Тһе Lepcha Ragvet is also pro- bably this variety ; it has shorter ligules to its leaves than the type. 7. DENDROCALAMUS PATELLARIS, n. sp. Gamble. A rather soft, evergreen, czespitose bamboo. Culms 20 to 30 ft. high, 1 to 1:5 im. in diameter, dull green, striate; nodes marked by a projecting, softly hairy ring often 8 in. deep and 2 in. thick; internodes 12 to 18 in. long, whitish beneath the nodes, walls thin, fistular. Culm-sheaths long persistent, 10 to 12 іп. long, 3 in. broad at base, prominently striate, sparsely covered with appressed brown stiff hairs outside, glabrous within; attenuate in the upper third only to a truncate top, ‘7 % 1 in. broad, the top and the margin for 1 to 2 in. down furnished with a membranous, fimbriate, pale fringe which is *3 to 4 in. broad; imperfect blade lanceolate, 6 in. long, 1 in. broad, usually recurved; ligule conspicuous, fringed like the sheath. Leaves soft, variable, 8 to 16 in. long, 1 to 4 in. broad, unequally narrowed at the base into a "2 in. petiole, ending above in a twisted scabrous point; smooth above, slightly rough below, minutely scabrous on the edges; main vein thick prominent, secondary veins 8 to 10, inter- mediate 7; leaf-sheaths striate, keeled at back, truncate or produced at top into a narrow callus, fringed or ciliate at the edges; ligule very long and broad, deeply long- fimbriately fringed. Inflorescence a huge compound panicle with spicate branches bearing distant distichous heads, the heads 5 to 1 in. in diameter, supported by hard, shining bracts and containing many spikelets; rachis dull greenish-brown, rough, fistular, joints flattened on one side. Spikelets dark brown, depressed, blunt, *4 in. long by as much INDIAN BAMBUSEE ; GAMBLE. 87 broad; empty glumes 1 to 2, short, rounded, many-nerved, membranous; flowers 3 to 9, usually all fertile; flowering glumes broad, orbicular, cuspidate, ciliate on the edges and densely tomentose within, 9- to ll-nerved; palea much shorter, ovate-lanceolate, acute or bi-mucronate, ciliate on the keels and 2-nerved between, densely tomentose within; terminal flower followed by а bristle-like rachilla, with а minute rudiment of a flower. Lodicuies 0 to 2, narrow linear-lanceolate, long-ciliate, generally absent. Stamens exserted ; anthers purple, the connective produced into a short, conical, hairy point. Ovary ovate from a broad base, hairy above, produced into a hairy style bearing three short plumose stigmas. Caryopsis (immature) rounded, shining, hairy above, dull and cuneate below, pericarp easily separable. BAMBUSA PATELLARIS, Kurz MS. in Calcutta Bot. Garden Herbarium. North-East Himalaya and hills of Assam, ascending to 5,000 ft. Collected by Kurz, T. Anderson, G. A. Gammie, myself and others in the Darjeeling hills in leaf only, and by Sri Gopal Banerjee, in July 1890, in flower at Rangma Parbat, Naga Hills, for G. Mann. The chief Darjeeling locality is the Simonbong ridge below Tonglo at 4,000 ft. This remarkable species, distinguished at once by the curious ring at the nodes and the fringes of the culm-sheath, has long been known in the Darjeeling hills by the name Радой, радлой-рао (Lepcha), but in leaf only. The flowering specimens now received are said by G. Mann to be doubtful, as he identifies them with Den- drocalamus Нат опа. But I find that they do not entirely agree with those of that common and well-known species, for the flowering glumes and palex are very hairy inside, the anther tips are not nearly so long, there are lodicules occasionally present, and there is a terminal free rachilla; so that I consider I am justified in assuming that Babu Sri Gopal Banerjee did get his leaves and his flowers off the same clump, and that until further specimens come to hand, those sent by him should be considered as belonging to this species. This bamboo is well worth cultivation for its handsome appearance, and it might even be hardy in some parts of Europe. In the Naga Hills it is used for basket-work, and known by the name Footoong (Mikir). PrarE No. 75.—Dendrocalamus patellaris, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flowering branch ; 3, culm-sheath—of natural size; 4, spikelet; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicules ; 8, anther; 9, ovary and stigmas; 10, caryopsis (immature)—enlarged. (Nos. 1 and 3 from my own Sikkim specimens; the rest from G. Mann’s.) SECTION III. 8. DENDROCALAMUS GIGANTEUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 150. A gigantic bamboo, with close ceespitose culms and slender branches. Culms very large though thin-walled, 80 to 100 ft. long, usually naked below and branched above, 8 to 10 in. in diameter, grey-green, covered with white waxy scurf when young; internodes rather short, 15 to 16 in.; nodes hairy beneath and marked with root scars; walls thin. Culm-sheaths very large, about 20 in. long by 20 in. broad at base, ВИЕ y deciduous, hard, glabrous, shining within, dull yellow without and thinly covered with golden stiff hairs, rounded at the top and often much depressed; imperfect blade 5 to 15 in. long, up to 31 in. broad, usually recurved, the edges waved and often involute, 88 ANNALS OF THE RQYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. the base decurrent into glabrous, stiff, brown, wavy auricles which do not reach the edge of the sheath, narrowed upwards into a sharp point; ligule stiff, black, '3 to “6 in. broad, serrate on the edge, 2 to 5 in. long. Leaves variable in size, іп young shoots they may reach 20 in. long by 4 in. broad, oblong, suddenly acuminate, unequal-sided, glabrous above, hairy beneath when young, edges scabrous, point sharp twisted; main vein prominent, secondary veins 12 to 16 pairs, furnished with pellucid dots, bars having the appearance of transverse veinlets apparent in dry specimens; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, ending in a callus which is sometimes shining and conspi- cuous, mouth produced upwards to meet the ligule; ligule broad, fimbriate, sometimes cleft in the middle. Inflorescence a huge panicle with long slender curved branchlets, bearing lax heads of few spikelets, sometimes only flower-bearing, sometimes leafy at top; heads up to 1 in. in diameter, rachis joints “5 to 1 in. or more, slender, hairy below, white-scurfy above, often curved, furrowed оп one side. Spikelets '5 to “б in. long by "З in. broad, minutely pubescent, somewhat flattened, ovate, acute, spiny, many-flowered ; етріу glumes 1 to 2, ovate, mucronate, striate; flowers 3 to 6, all fertile except the last, which consists of an involute, elongate, mucronate glume; flowering glumes thin, papery, striate, many-nerved, mucronate, minutely hairy; palee of lower flowers blunt, of upper ones acute, bifid at the apex, those of the lower flowers 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 2- to 3-veined between them, that of the last fertile flower not usually keeled, glabrous. Stamens with long filaments; anthers “3 to 4 in. long, acuminate at the tip. Ovary ovoid, hairy, style long, hairy, ending in a feathery purple s//gma. Caryopsis oblong, about :3 in. long, obtuse, hairy above. Kurz in Ind. Forester i. 346. BAMBUSA GIGANTEA, Wall. Cat. Bot. Gard. Cale. p. 79; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 719. Malay Peninsula in Penang and northwards to Tenasserim, according to Munro, though Kurz doubts it; much cultivated in Burma and in the gardens of Calcutta, Madras, Peradeniya in Ceylón, and elsewhere; also in the Palm-house at Kew. Speci- mens were gathered by D. Brandis at Maküm in Assam in 1879 from cultivated plants. It was also collected at St. Helena by Mr. D. D. Morris. This species is probably the giant of the bamboo tribe, and is at once recognized by its size, its characteristic sheaths, and the long whip-like spikes of the panicle, with long spikelets, acuminate anthers, and bifid palea. Good pictures of а magnificent speci- men in the Royal Botanie Gardens at Peradeniya, Ceylon, with its young shoots appeared in the Gardeners Chronicle for 10th September 1892. In Burma it is known as ‘ Wabo’ (the * Wa-ya’ referred to this by Munro is, Brandis informs me, D. longispathus, Kurz) An aecount of the plantations at Myanoung on the lrawadi is given in Ind. Forester ii. 311, where it is said that the plantations have 15 to 20 clumps per acre and that good culms fetch Rs. 1-4 each, The Assam паше is Worra. It flowered in the Caleutta Botanie Garden in 1860-61 and again in 1888; in Burma in 1892, whence it was sent by W. T. McHarg from Tenasserim and by Abdul Нод from the Shan Hill; also in 1893 by H. Jackson from the Myelat in the Southern Shan States. Ррате No. 76.—Dendrocalamus giganteus, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, leaf from end branchlet or shoots; 3, part of flowering panicle—of natural size ; 4, culm-sheath—reduced ; 9, spikelet; 6, palea of lower flowers and anthers; 7, palea of upper flower; 8, anther; 9, ovary and style; 10, caryopsis—enlarged. (Nos. 1 to 4 from а drawing in the Herbarium of the late S. Kurz; rest from specimens collected in the Calcutta Royal Botanic Garden, 1888.) u INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 89 9. DENDROCALAMUS CALOSTACHYUS, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 562. A tufted bamboo. Culms with appressed silvery hairs, thickened and annulate at the nodes. Culm-sheaths covered with appressed tawny hairs, truncate at the mouth; ligule narrow, entire, or nearly so, eaves large, those of the end branches broadly lanceolate acuminate; rounded at the base into a very short petiole; 9 in. to 1 ft. long by 1 to 2:5 in. broad, those of side shoots shorter, smooth and glabrous above, softly hairy beneath, scabrous on the edges ; secondary veins 9 to 13 on either side, faint; leaf-sheaths striate, long white-ciliate at the edges, ending in a small callus below the petiole and truncate at the mouth ; ligule broad, truncate, entire or shortly serrate. Inflorescence a large panicle of long, whip-like, curved spikes; spikelets clustered in heads of 2 to 5 with a few small empty bracts at base; rachis between the heads 0:5 to 2 in. long, flattened on one side on alternate sides, glaucous, somewhat puberulous. Spikelets 4 to "6 long by '2 in. broad, faintly pubescent, ovate, acute, slightly compressed, with 4 to 6 fertile flowers; empty glumes 2 to 3, broadly ovate, acute, many-nerved and with conspicuous transverse vein- lets, ciliate on the edges; lowering glumes similar but rather longer; palea of lower flowers keeled, acute, 5-nerved between the keels and transversely veined, l-nerved on either side of keel, ciliate on the keels, that of uppermost flower ciliate on the edges, but not on the keels. Stamens exserted; anthers yellow, smoothly mucronate. Ovary ovate, rounded, sub-hemispheric, hairy, ending in a long hairy style with a simple fringed stigma. BAMBUSA caLosrACHYA, Kurz in Journal As. Soc. Beng. xli. 249 (1873). Upper Burma, Bhamo and Kachin Hills at 3,500 feet elevation and below, collected by Dr. John Anderson at Poneshee and Вћато іп 1868, and on the Yunan Expedition in 1875. . Recognized by its long flagellate spikes and clusters with few spikelets, resembling ` most the inflorescence of D. giganteus. Kurz says that there are lodicules, but I have not found them. Prate No. 77.— Dendrocalamus calostachyus, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of panicle —of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5, рез of lower and uppermost flowers; 6, anther; 7, ovary and style—enlarged. (From Dr. Anderson's specimens). 10. DENDROCALAMUS LoNGISPATHUS, Kurz Рог. Fl. Burma ii. 561. A large bamboo with cæspitose culms, reaching 60 ft. in height, leaves borne only on upper branches. Culms glaucous-green when young, greyish-green when old, covered with more or less persistent sheaths, as long, or even longer than, the internodes ; nodes little swollen, often rooting; internodes 10 to 24 in. long, 3 to 4 in, in dia- meter, walls “5 in. thick. Culm-sheaths papery, 15 to 20 іп. long, 5 to 7 in. broad, sides parallel till near the top where they are gradually approximate and embrace a depressed sinus on which the recurved imperfect blade is inserted ; sometimes with а round naked auricle on one side; densely clothed on the back with patches of stiff appressed brown hairs; imperfect blade lanceolate-acuminate, recurved, 12 to 18 in. long by 1 to 1:5 in. broad at the broadest point a little above the insertion, densely hairy on the back and near the base beneath; ligule broad, much serrate or often long-fimbriate, Leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base into a very short petiole; glabrous above, rough and glaucescent or sometimes almost white beneath, edge Ann. Вот. Вот. Garp. Catcurza, Vor. VII. 90 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. scabrous; main vein thick, prominent, yellow, shining beneath, secondary veins 8 to 10 on either side, not prominent, intermediate 6 to 7; leaf-sheaths smooth, glabrous, somewhat produced at the mouth, and sometimes bearing a rounded naked auricle on one side ; ligule narrow, usually fringed. Inflorescence a large panicle of interruptedly spicate clusters of spikelets, sometimes leafy; rachis flexuose, flattened on alternate sides, '5 to 1:5 in. between clusters, glaucous-green, sometimes rough. Spikelets in heads sometimes few-flow- ered and 2 to *3 in. broad, supported by hard polished bracts, sometimes many-flowered and 5 to ‘7 in. broad; blunt, nearly glabrous, 2 to "8 in. long; empty glumes 2 to 3, obovate, blunt, with short rachille between; flowers 2 to 9, fertile; flowering glume blunt, obovate, cucullate, ciliate on the edges, many-nerved ; palea oval, truncate, faintly keeled, 2-nerved between the keels, faintly pubescent, Stamens short; anther yellow, short, ending in a black mucronate point; filaments short. Ovary broadly ovoid, somewhat acute, hairy, ending in a rather short style and short purple stigma. Caryopsis ovoid, somewhat oblique, yellow, surmounted by a beak formed by the base of the style. BAMBUSA LoNGISPATHA, Kurz їп Journal As. Soc. Beng. xli. 949. Eastern Bengal and Burma, chiefly along streams. Sent from Sylhet by G. Mann in 1889; collected in Chittagong by J. L. Lister, 1876, by myself in 1879 and 1880, and by R. Ellis in 1885; in Arracan by W. Schlich; and in Burma by Brandis (1862); Киз (1871); P. J. Carter (1891) and others. This handsome species is at once recognized by its long fragile papery sheaths and by the large panicles of small flower heads and blunt spikelets. It comes nearest to D. Нат опа in its general characters, but is easily recognized therefrom. It flowered in Chittagong in 1876 (Lister) and 1879-80 (Gamble) and in Burma in 1871 (Kurz) and . 1891 (Carter) It is known locally by the names Khang (Bengali), Ora (Ax ) and Wa-ya and Talagu (Burmese), the name * Wa-ya’ meaning ‘stinging bamboo, for the hairs on the sheaths are especially irritating. It has been introduced into the Western Peninsula and cultivated at Calcutta, in Malabar, ete., but the culms are not very strong, and as a building material it is generally inferior to many other kinds. PrarE No. 78.—Dendrocalumus longispathus, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle—of natural size ; З, culm-sheath—reduced $; 4, spikelet; 5, flower opened out; 6, palea; 7, anther; 8, ovary and style; 9, caryopsis—en/arged, (АП from Kurz Burma specimens.) 11. DENDROoCALAMUS BRANDISH, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii, 560, А large, evergreen, tufted bamboo. Culms ashy-grey to greenish-grey, 60 to 120 ft. high, 5 to 8 in. in diameter, slightly branched below, more so above; nodes slightly swollen, lower ones with rootlets; internodes 12 to 15 in. long, walls thick. Culm-sheaths like those of D. giganíeus, thick, coriaceous, up to 2 ft. long, 12 to 14 in. broad, minute- ly white pubescent on the back, otherwise glabrous, rounded depressed at top; imperfect blade linear-lanceolate, 6 to 18 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad, recurved, appressed-hairy within, rounded at the base and again decurrent on the sheath in small plaited auricles which do not reach its edge; ligule "5 to “Т in. broad, deeply lacerate.* Leaves oblong-lanceo- late, 9 to 12 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, somewhat narrowed at the base and decurrent on à short wrinkled petiole; ending above in a subulate twisted point; glabrous above, softly hairy beneath; main vein thick, shining, secondary veins 10 to 12, intermediate INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ ; GAMBLE. 91 about 6, the pellucid glands forming apparently transverse veinlets; leaf-sheaths striate, pubescent when young, ending in a large glabrous callus, and produced at the mouth where furnished with few long deciduous cili ; ligule long, conspicuous in young branches, acuminate, fimbriate especially on one side, in older ones truncate. Inflorescence a huge, much-branched panicle, with long, spicate, flagelliform branches, bearing bracteate heads “5 to ‘7 in. in diameter, of many small spikelets, the ends of the branches bearing only lanceolate bracts; rachis densely pubescent, flattened on one side, segments 1 to 19 in. long. Spikelets -2 to "З in long, nearly as broad, ovate, depressed, minutely pubescent ; empty glumes 1 to 2, broadly ovate, mucronate, nearly glabrous; flowers 2 to 4; flowering glume similar, prominently few-nerved, ciliate on the edges, hairy near the tip; palea oblong, acute or bi-mucronate, ciliate on the keels, side wings narrow, membranous, 3-nerved. Lodicules 1 or 2, lanceolate or spathulate, 3-nerved, long-ciliate, often wanting. Stamens exserted; anthers greenish-yellow, short, broad, apiculate or _ penicillate ; filaments short, thick at first. Ovary ellipsoid, Бату; style short, ending in a thick club-shaped plumose зйута, or dividing into two plumose stigmas; stigmas purple. Caryopsis ovoid, “1 to 2 in., hairy above, tipped with the persistent style, pericarp crust . Вамвџва Branvisu, Munro in Trans. Linn, Кос. xxvi. 109. Tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yoma and of the Martaban hills up to 4,000 ft., extending northwards to the Ruby Mines district, chiefly on calcareous rocks. Collected by Brandis in 1862, by Kurz in 1871 and by J. W. Oliver in 1890 and 1894 (on the Mogók road, Ruby Mines district, 3,000 ft.) This splendid bamboo is often confused with the somewhat similar 0. giganteus and, like it, is sometimes called Wabo (Burmese). It is also known as Kyellowa, waya, wapyu (Burmese) Wakay (Karen) It is easily recognized from 1. giganteus by the much smaller spikelets, and culms which, though not so large in diameter, have thicker walls. The culm-sheaths are very similar. It so much resembles D. flagellifer that I am of opinion that the two may prove eventually to be one species. 2. Brandisii has fewer spikelets in the heads and а rather more hairy rachis, with the leaves more rounded at the base, otherwise I find no difference. Munro, who noticed the similarity, says D. flagellifer has по lodicules, but I have found them, although they certainly are not common. J. W. Oliver says it is used for building. It is said to flower sporadically and not to die off after flowering; but Oliver says that flowering clumps which he has observed showed every appearance of being about to die. Рът No. 79.—Dendrocalamus Brandisti, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-panicle—of natural size; 8, culm-sheaths—much reduced; 4 & 5, leaf-sheaths and ligules; 6, spikelet; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9 & 10, lodicules; 11, - ; 12, ovary and stigmas; 13, caryopsis—enlarged (Nos. 3 and 4 from J. W. Oliver's speci- men; rest from Kurz’ specimens.) 1l. DEÉNDROCALAMUS FLAGELLIFER, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 150. A tall us Wen Culms tall; internodes of young stems farinose. Leaves large, oblong-acuminate, 10 to 14 in. long, 1°5 to 2:3 in. broad, glabrous above, except the minute scabrous teeth on the veins towards the margin, rough below, sometimes with long hairs on the midrib, edges scabrous; attenuate at the base into а '2 to 8 in. petiole which is sometimes scabrous-hirsute, ending above in a twisted scabrous point; Axy. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. ҮП, 92 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. main vein prominent, secondary veins 11 to 13 pairs, conspicuous, pellucid glands appearing as transverse veinlets numerous; /eaf-sheaíhs striate, white-hairy in the middle, glabrous above, truncate, naked at the mouth, fimbriate on one edge; ligule short, conspicuous, truncate, serrate. Inflorescence a large panicle; rachis usually very scabrous at the top, hirsute on one side where flattened; branches numerous from the nodes, elongate, whip-like, pendulous with small distant verticils which are scarcely more than ‘4 to ‘5 in. broad and bear few spikelets, the uppermost joints with leafy bracts only. ораејећ short, ovate, 2 to "3 in. long, with 4 to 5 fertile flowers; empty glumes very small, ovate, mucronate, many-nerved; flowering glume ovate, mucronate, glabrous above or rarely slightly scabrous, shortly ciliate on the edges, many-nerved ; palea obtuse or acute or mucronate, membranous, ciliate on the keels and edges, 1- to 2-nerved between the keels. Lodicules none, or 1 to 2, scarce, spathulate-lanceolate, fimbriate. Stamens exserted, anthers apiculate with a bristle or with a few short hairs. Ovary ovoid, small, hairy; style hairy, deeply cleft into 2 to 3 plumose stigmas. BAMBUSA FLAGELLIFERA, Grifith MS. Вамвова Вітохв Пот. and Schultes Syst. Veg. Mant. 1354 (probably, according to Munro). Malay Peninsula, extending northwards to Tenasserim, where Beddome collected it on Moolyet at 2,000 ft. in 1879. A little known species which requires investigation and better specimens. It is at ounce known by the very small spikelets, and is perhaps identical with D. Bran- зй. Specimens collected at Singapore by Н. M. Ridley bear the names Buluk Butung, butang perith. _ Prare No. 80.— Dendrocalamus flagellifer, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- paniele—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, flowering glume; 5, palea, both sides; 6, lodicule; 7, anther; 8, ovary and stigmas—endaryed. (АП from Н. N. Ridley's speci- men). 13. DENDROCALAMUS LONGIFIMBRIATUS, n. sp. Gamble. A large bamboo. Culms and culm-sheaths unknown. Leaves very large, 12 to 14 in. long, 2 to З in. broad, oblong-acuminate, unequal at the base and rounded into a 74 to '5 in. long, broad, wrinkled petiole, tip twisted, scabrous, acuminate; smooth above, except the scabrous points on marginal veins; pale and smooth beneath, hairs along the midrib somewhat long, edges sometimes scabrous; main vein broad at the base, concave, not prominent, secondary veins 12 to 18 pairs, regular, intermediate 6 to 7, indistinct, pellucid glands appearing as transverse veinlets when dry; Zeaf-sheaths shining, covered with appressed stiff hairs ending in a narrow callus, and furnished with long, very prominent, faleate auricles which are thickly set with stiff curved bristles; ligule short, very hairy, ciliate on the margin. Inflorescence a large panicle of short spicate branchlets bearing small heads of spikelets; rachis slender, glabrous, flexuose; branchlets solid; heads (in bud only) 2 to ‘3 in. in diameter supported by blunt, ovate bracts. Spikelets very small, glabrous, 1- to 2-flowered; empty glumes broadly ovate, striate, flowering glume ovate, acute, keeled, often mucronate ; palea oblong, ciliate on the keels; lodicules apparently none. Anthers short, connective shortly apiculate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, surmounted by а hairy style and plumose stigma. Caryopsis not known. Burma, sent from the Kyaukshat and Maliwón forests at the extreme south of the Mergui District, Tenasserim, in 1891. INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 95 The flowers are too young for very accurate description, but they come near to those of D. longispathus. Тһе beautiful long-fringed faleate auricles characterise best this fine species which is known locally as Myengwa, шаруаш (Burmese). Prate Хо. 81.— Dendrocalamus — longifimbriatus, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-panicle—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5 & 6, flowering glumes; 7, palea; 8, palea and stamens; 9, stamens and stigma; 10, ovary—a// enlarged, . IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. 14. DExDROCALAMUS Равіѕни, Munro іп Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 149. Culms, culm-sheaths, and leaves unknown. Inflorescence a panicle of interrupted globose densely-flowered heads, the rachis pruinose-glaucous at the top. Spikelets ovate, somewhat blunt, nearly glabrous, flattened, 73 to "4 in. long by ‘2 40 "8 in. broad, fertile flowers 2 to 3; empty glumes 1 to 2, ovate-acute, many-nerved, ciliate on the edges and very minutely pubescent near the apex; flowering glume similar but glabrous, those of upper flowers mucronate, longitudinally and transversely nerved, ciliate on the edges; palea ovate, blunt, emarginate, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and edges, 2-nerved between them, that of uppermost flower more acute, not keeled, pubescent at the tip, reticulately veined. Stamens not exserted; anthers with the connective produced in an obtusely acute point. Ovary hairy, ovoid-globose, ending in a long style and feathery stigma. Caryopsis large, obovate, smooth above, beaked. Brandis For. Fl, 570. Punjab Himalaya: collected once by Lieut. Parish, but not again. The flowers are distinct from those of the D. strictus group, and come nearest to those of D. Ноойет, but differ in the glabrous flowering glume and bluntly acute anthers. It would be an excellent thing to obtain more specimens of this, and to ascertain its true position. The exact locality where this grows is apparently unknown. Brandis suggests that it may be the same as the big species of Ше Din and Lower Hills; but that species, of which I have collected excellent specimens in leaf and flower, is D. Hamiltonit. It is more likely to have been a planted specimen of D. Hookeri, like the similarly · planted specimens found by E. E. Fernandez near Naini Tál. : Ртлте No. 892.— Dendrocalamus Parishii, Munro. 1, flowering branch—of natural size; 2, spikelet; 3, flowering glume; 4, palea ; 5, ovary and style; 6, anther—en- larged (from Parish’s specimen kindly lent by the Director, Royal Garden, Kew). 15. DENDROCALAMUS COLLETTIANUS я. sp. Gamble. Culms, culm-sheaths and leaves known. Inflorescence a large compound panicle with spicate branchlets bearing heads of spikelets, the heads *5 to 1 in. in diameter with 6 to 12 fertile spikelets and a few sterile spikelets and small ovate bracts ; rachis flexuose, pubescent, striate, joints about 1 in. in length. Spikelets 5 to '7 in. long, white- pbbescent, soft; empíy glumes 2, ovate-acute, pubescent outside, many -nerved, midrib thickened; fertile flowers 2 to 4 with 1 imperfect terminal flower; flowering glume ovate- lanceolate, shortly mucronate, pubescent, many-veined ; palea longer than flowering glume, long-white-ciliate on the keels, blunt, 2-veined between the keels. Lodicules none, Stamens exserted, anthers rather short, bluntly apiculate. Ovary narrowly ovoid, stalked, 94 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. hairy, produced upwards into a narrow hairy style with club-shaped purple stigma. Caryopsis not known. Upper Burma, collected at Fort Stedman by Abdul Huk for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, in 1892. Although only the flowers of this species are known, I have no hesitation in describing it here, as it is so distinct and so well characterised by the soft white-hairy spikelets. I have named it after General Sir Н. Collett, к.с.в., who has done so much to make known the flora of Upper Burma. Prate No. 83,—Dendrocalamus Collettianus, Gamble. 1 and 2, flowering branches—of natural size; З, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glum2; 6, palea; 7, anthers; &, ovary and style—enlarged. Species of DENDROCALAMUS now referred to other genera. IE de, Чо. А = Bambusa Вабооа, Roxb. D. criticus, Kurz |. š я Р = Bambusa pallida, Munro. D. Grifithianus, Kurz . - 1 = Bambusa Griffithiana, Munro. D. monadelphus, Thw. |. . 5 = Oxytenanthera Thwaitesii, Munro. D. Tulda, Voigt 3 3 ? š = Bambusa Tulda, Roxb. 8. Melocalamus, Benth. An arborescent bamboo of moderate size, unarmed. Culms from a thick rootstock, semi-scandent. Culm-sheaths cylindrical, hard, auricled. Leaves large, petiolate, without transverse veinlets. Inflorescence a large compound panicle, the spikelets in round congested heads in long spikes. Spikelets very small, 2-flowered, rachilla continuous between the flowers and produced beyond them, flowers both hermaphrodite, one only fertile. Empty glumes 2, broad, blunt, muticous, many-nerved. Flowering glumes similar to empty glumes. Palea as long as flowering glume, very broad, 2-keeled, membranaceous. Lodicules 3, large. Stamens 6, filaments free, anthers blunt. Ovary glabrous, with short style and 2 to 3 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis very large, globose, depressed, with a tough pericarp and large, free, fleshy seed. Distrib.—One species. 1. MzLocaLAMUS COMPACTIFLORUS, В. and Hook. f. in Gen. РІ. ii. 1212. An evergreen, tufted, arborescent bamboo. Culms greyish-green, rough, scandent, spreading and arching, 15 to 25 ft. high or more, sometimes even up to 100 ft. and climbing over tall trees, 05 to 1 in. in diameter; nodes thickened; internodes 14 to 24 in. long. Culm-sheaths persistent, hard, brittle, cylindrical, smooth or covered with "white appressed hairs, truncate at the mouth, dilated at the base, about 6 in. long by 3 in. broad; imperfect blade nearly as long as, or longer than, the sheath, recurved, long-acuminate, rounded at the base and then spreading out into a narrow, dark, reflexed, crescent-shaped auricle, fringed with stiff bristles, hispidly hairy towards the base; ligule narrow, entire. Leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base into a hairy petiole “1 to “2 in. long; ending in a subulate, acuminate, penicillate, scabrous twisted point, scabrous on one edge; 6 to 10 in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad; main vein narrow, prominient, secondary veins 8 to 12 pairs, intermediate 4 to 6, no transverse INDIAN BAMBUSE.E ; GAMBLE. 95 veinlets ; leaf-sheath striate, with appressed white hairs when young, afterwards glabrous, somewhat keeled, mouth truncate, furnished with a lunate reflexed auricle fringed with stiff bristles, and early caducous; ligule narrow, entire. Inflorescence a large com- pound interrupted panicle of small sub-globose heads, bearing several fertile and many sterile spikelets, often leaf-bearing; the rachis very pubescent, flexuose, flattened on one side, “5 to 15 in. in length; heads 8 to 5 in. in diameter. Spikelets very small, “1 to 15 in. long, '1 in. broad, glabrous, blunt or truncate, 2-cleft, with 2 fertile flowers and 1 empty terminal abortive flower on a produced rachilla ; empty glumes 2, broadly oval, ven- tricose, very shortly mucronate; lowering glume similar, often ciliate on the edges; palea as long as the flowering glume, broadly boat-shaped, shortly and bluntly 2-toothed, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels and 4- to 5-nerved between. Lodicules 3, large, ovate, blunt, long-ciliate. Stamens free, filaments short; anthers yellowish, bluntly acute at the tip. Ovary glabrous, ovoid-globose, surmounted by а short thick style; stigmas 2 or 8, short, plumose. Caryopsis large, sub-globular, 1 to 15 in. in diameter, the summit depressed, the base supported by the persistent glumes, at first glossy-green, then brown; pericarp about "09 to 1 in. thick, very coriaceous; seed large, fleshy. PsEUDOSTACHYUM COMPACTIFLORUM, Kurz For. Fl. Burma її. 567. Eastern Bengal and Burma, from Sylhet through Chittagong down to Martaban, said by Kurz to occur rarely under 3,000 ft. in altitude, and to be frequent only between 4,000 and 6,000 ft. It has been collected in Sylhet in 1889 by Tara Kisor Gupta for G. Mann (leaves and sheaths only). It was also collected in Chittagong by Dr. W. Schlich in 1875, also in leaf only. In Burma, it was collected first of all in Martaban and in the Karen Hills by Kurz in 1871, in flower; and J. W. Oliver found it on the Arracan Хота Range in the Thayetmyo District in 1878, and in the Ruby Mines Distriet in 1894. This interesting bamboo has the appearance of a Dendrocalamus, but differs in being ‘scandent and having a very large seed and large lodicules. It seems to be a handsome species and to be common. In Burma it is known as Wa-nwe, in Chittagong as Lota, and in Sylhet as Daral (Bengali). It is there used for basket-work, There is a figure of flowers and fruit by Kurz in ad. Forester, vol. i, 219, plate II, 13, which is attributed to this species by Bentham in the Genera Plantarum, and which has been utilized in my plate. ! Ръдте Хо. 84.—JMelocalamus | compactiflorus, Benth. and Hook. fil. 1, leaf-branch; 2, 2 (а), portions of flower-panicle; 3, young shoot showing culm-sheaths; 3, culm-sheath—of natural size; 4, auricle of leaf-sheath ; 5, spikelet; 6, empty glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicule ; 9, stamen; 10, ovary; 11, young fruit ; 12, caryopsis—enlarged. (1 to ll from Kurz Burma specimens, 12 from Kurz Plate II, 13 in “Bamboo and its use," Indian Forester, vol. i. 219.) 9. Pseudostachyum, Munro. A large shrubby bamboo with single culms from a creeping rhizome. Culms smooth, thin-walled; nodes not swollen. Culm-sheaths shorter than internodes, truncate-triangular, imperfect blade long. Leaves large, glabrous, with many transverse veinlets. Inflorescence a large leafy panicle of drooping bracteate spikes, rachis wiry. Spikelets small, 1-flowered, with a terminal produced тасћ а and abortive floret. Empty glumes usually only 1, broad, mucronate. Flowering glume similar to empty glumes. Palea thin, much convolute, 96 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 2.keeled. Lodicules large, 3 to 5, persistent. Stamens 6, anthers apiculate. Ovary glabrous, style rigid, long, stigmas 2. — Caryopsis glabrous, depressed-globose, supported by the persistent glumes, palea and lodicules; pericarp crustaceous, separable from the seed. Distrib.— One species. ‚1. PSEUDOSTACHYUM POLYMORPHUM, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 142, 2, 4. А large shrub or semi-arborescent bamboo with culms arising singly from a long, creeping, jointed rhizome. Culms tall, branching at the top only, up to 50 ft. in height and often supported by adjoining trees, and so appearing scandent; nodes hardly swollen; internodes 7 to 12 in., glaucous at first, afterwards green, whitish below the nodes, sometimes dark red shading into bright green, smooth below, somewhat scabrous above, 1 in. in diameter, walls very thin, hardly :2 in. Culm-sheaths shorter than the internodes, loose, triangular-truncate in outline, very shortly auricled with a tuft of stiff bristles, covered outside with appressed dark brown hairs; imperfect blade very long- acuminate on young shoots, shorter and triangular on older ones, the base equal to the horizontally-cut truncate top of the sheath, striate and with tranverse veinlets; ligule short, slightly dentate. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, unequal at the base and narrowed into a rather long, *3 to 5 in., thick petiole; above ending in a long twisted scabrous point; 4 to 14 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; smooth on both sides, scabrous on one edge; main vein pale, conspicuous; secondary veins 7 to 11, conspicuous; intermediate 5 to 6; transverse veinlets many, oblique; Jleafsheaths faintly white-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrous, striate, the mouth ending in a few stiff deciduous cilie ; ligule short. Inflorescence a large leafy panicle, with many branches from the joints, much divided; the rachis curved, wiry, angled, spikelets solitary in the axils of narrow bracts. Spikelets small, 2 in. long, with 1 fertile flower and a terminal produced rachilla bearing glumes, or an incomplete flower; empty glume 1, broad, mucronate, usually 7-nerved; flowering glume similar to empty glume, finely ciliate above; palea thin, much convolute, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels; lodicules 3 to 5, usually 4, large, acute, rounded or truncate at the apex, ciliate, persistent in the fruit. Stamens free, filaments short, anthers apiculate. Ovary narrow, linear-oblong, ending in a long rigid style, with 2 short hairy stigmas. Cary- opsis globose-depressed, surmounted by the base of the style and supported by the persistent glumes, palea and lodicules; pericarp crustaceous, separable. (The flower-bear- ing inflorescence is more often replaced by a large panicle of diseased flowers, in which the spikelets are converted into rounded softly hairy masses.) Eastern Himalaya, Assam and Upper Burma; ascending in the hills to 5, 000 feet, but most common in valleys in moist places under the shade of large trees; from the Darjeeling Terai eastwards through the Garo Hills and along the Assam Valley to Manipur and on to Bhamo. Collected in Sikkim by Hooker, Thomson, Kurz, Т. Anderson, G. King, G. A. Gammie and myself; and in Assam by Masters, Jenkins, Brandis, G. Mann and others; ік Manipur by C. B. Clarke, and near Bhamo by W. T. McHarg. The only specimens I have seen with perfect flowers are those of Thomson collected in 1857 and referred to and described by Munro; and of G. A. Gammie, collected in 1891. All the rest consist of the diseased state of the inflorescence (see fig. 3). This very pretty bamboo is easily recognized by its very thin culms, its triangular sheaths, and the peculiar and very common diseased inflorescence. It is a valuable kind, for in Sikkim it is considered the best sort for making the basket-work used by the INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 97 natives and on the tea estates, as the culms are easily split and the laths are flexible and durable. Its recent discovery in Burma is due to W. T. McHarg, Deputy Соп- servator of Forests, who sent specimens through J. W. Oliver. Mr. McHarg says that it grows in the hills of the Bhamo district up to 1,000 feet and more, but is also to be found on the banks of the Irrawaddy in the Hakan Forest а few miles north of Bhamo. He further says—“ It is principally used by the Kachin wizards or prophesying priests, "who roast the stem and then prophesy according to the way the bamboo cracks or "splits up. It is a very thin bamboo and splits easily, and the new shoots, which “ате the ones used by the Kachins, grow up very straight." It is locally known in Sikkim by the names Filing (Nepalese) and Purphiok or paphok (Lepcha); in Assam аз Wachall (Garo); Ваз, tolli, па! (Assamese); in Burma аз Bawa. PrarE No. 85.—Pseudostachywm polymorphum, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of fertile flowering branch; 3, branch bearing diseased flowers—of natural size ; 4, culm-sheath —much reduced; 5, portion of flower spike; 6, 7 & 8, spikelet showing flowering glume, palea, stamens and stigmas; 9, ovary with style; 10 & 11, the same with lodicules; 12, young caryopsis; 13, earyopsis when ripe—enlarged. (All but Nos. 4 and 12 from Fitch’s drawing, Munro l. c. t. 4.) 10. Teinostachyum, Munro, Shrubby or arborescent kamboos. Culms rather thin, rough, straight below, droop- ing above. Culm-sheaths usually thin, awicled or not, imperfect blade recurved, Leaves various in size, like those of Bambusa, more usually lanceolate-acuminate. Inflorescence a spicate panicle, on leaf-bearing branches, the spikelets in bracteate уегнейв, Spikelets long, narrow, many-flowered, with imperfect flowers above and below. Empty glumes 1-2, ovate, mucronate. Flowering glume similar with longer mucros. Рафа 2-keeled, cili- ate on the keels, convolute. Lodicules З, conspicuous, persistent, 3—9-пегтед, Stamens 6, filaments free, slender; anthers exserted, obtuse, or obtusely apiculate. Ovary depressed- globose or ovate, the perigynium produced into a long beak enclosing the style, which is divided above into 2-3 short or long plumose stigmas, Caryopsis ovoid, acuminate, beaked, with a crustaceous pericarp. (ANote.—In the Genera Plantarum the spikelets are described ая 1-flowered, Mr. Bentham having clearly determined to consider each flower as а spikelet. But I think that if the spikelet of the best known species—7. Grifithii—as depicted in the excellent Plate No. 3 in Munro’s Monograph is examined, it will be seen to be truly many-flowered, just like the rather similar spikelets of many species of Arundinaria. Kurz considered that Teinostachyum should be joined with Cephalostachyum, but I prefer to retain the genera of the authors of the Genera Plantarum.) DisrRrIB.— T'hree species from the Assam-Burma region, one from the Western Ghats, and one from Ceylon. | Analysis of the species. Culm- and leaf-sheaths long-auricled. Spikelets over 1 in. long, lodicules glabrous Culm- and jeaf-sheaths not, or hardly, auricled. Spikelets in loose terminal drooping panicles, lodicules short, ciliate, leaves large 2. T. Wighti, 1. T. былин. Ахк. Вот, Por. Garb. CALCUTTA, Vor. ҮП, 98 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Spikelets in stiff terminal spikes. Spikes simple, leaves small (Ceylon species) . . . . . . . . . . . 8. T. attenuatum. Spikes panicled, leaves moderate-sized (N. E. Indian and Burmese species) . 4. Т. Dullooa. Culm- and leaf-sheaths and ligules long-frmged . . . . . . . + . . . . 5. T. Helferi. 1. Terrvosracnyum GRIFFITHH, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 143, Zab. 3. A graceful, straggling or sub-scandent, bamboo. Culms erect at first, afterwards droop- ing, 25 to 50 feet long, verticillately branched from the nodes; internodes 18 to 26 in. long, “6 to "8 in. in diameter, scabrous above; walls thin, 2 in. Culm-sheaths 6 in. or more long, 15 in. broad, glabrous and shining below, covered above with appressed white hairs, ciliate at the edges, strongly convolute; imperfect blade 3 to 4 in. long, reflexed, ovate-acuminate, rounded at base and prolonged into a large rounded auricle at either side, Ше auricle and base of the imperfect blade fringed with long, curved, reflexed bristles, the inside densely white-shaggy, transverse veinlets conspicuous; ligule short, pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 10 iu. long by ‘7 to 15 in. broad, glaucous beneath; rounded at the base into a thick wrinkled petiole 2 in. long; cuspidate above with a scabrous, subulate point; scabrous on both edges, glabrous on both sides "except for clusters of long hairs at the base of the midrib; main vein conspicuous, pale, secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs, intermediate 7, thick, transverse veinlets none, but occasional pellucid glands, which appear like transverse veinlets on the under sur- face ; leaf-sheaths striate, keeled, ciliate on the edges, glabrous or appressed, pubescent, ending in a narrow callus, and bearing at the mouth two long falcate auricles fringed with stiff deciduous ciliz, “2 to -4 in. long; ligule short, fringed with cili; like the auricles, Inflorescence a leafy panicle bearing at the verticils short spikes or single spikelets, often long, whip-like, with few spikelets on a filiform rachis; rachis ordi- narily smooth, striate, swollen at the joints. Spikelets very narrow, linear, 2 to 3 in. long, about :2 in. broad, often pedicelled, minutely pubescent, with Ө to 5 fertile flowers and usually one or more sterile both above and below; rachilla smooth, jointed below the flowers, swollen at the joints; empty glumes 1l or 2, the second then bearing a sterile flower, 79 to 4 in. long, narrow, striate, ovate-mucronate; Jlowering уште “5 in. long, ovate-acute, mucronate, 9—11-nerved, pubescent; palea rather longer than flowering glume, 2-keeled, the keels edged half way down with a wavy fringe, ciliate near the tip, 4-nerved on either side, faintly purple-mueronate. ZLodicules ovate- lanceolate, concave, equal, quite glabrous, 7- to 9-nerved, often thickened at the base which is then darker in colour, Stamens exserted, filaments narrow; anthers yellow, blunt, or emarginate. Ovary stalked, glabrous, ovate, narrowing into a long triquetrous beak forming the style, surmounted by 2 to З white or purplish stigmas. ^ Caryopsis obliquely ovoid, glossy, tapering at both ends, ending in a long stiff beak. ^ CEPHALOSTACHYUM Свтевтип, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 566. А | | Bhutan (?) Assam, Chittagong and Burma. Collected by Griffith in the forests of Wullaboom in hilly country, also in the Khasia Hills. Found in Assam, in Sibsagur and Dibrugarh, by С. Mann, in 1889 (flowers) and 1890. dus The long narrow spikelets in axillary fascicles, spikes or short panicles, are very | characteristic. Тһе specimens sent by G. Mann bear the Assamese name of Вей“, бей, and the plants were said to have grown in low damp places in Ше plains. То this INDIAN BAMBUSE.E; GAMBLE. 99 species I also doubtfully refer the specimens which I collected in 1880 at 4,000 feet in the British Bhutan hills and called Де! by the Lepchas. Mann says that the culms are used for basket work and to make pipes, Ррате Хо. 86.—Teinostachyum Grifithii, Munro, 1, part of leaf- and flowering-branch ; 2, end of flowering shoot; 3, culm-sheath—of natural size; 4, leaf-sheath; 5, fertile flower; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8 lodieule ; 9 stamens and ovary with lodicules (open); 10, ovary, style and stigmas—enlarged. (Nos. 1, 9, 5, 8, 9 from Fitch’s draw- ing in Munro l. c. t. 3; rest from Mann’s specimens.) 2. 'Тетловтаснуом Уланти, Beddome Flora Sylv. сехххіії, РІ, ccexxiii. A tall, semi-scandent bamboo, Culms at first erect, afterwards supported by the branches of the forest trees under which they grow, and then branches pendulous, 10 to 20 feet long, 1 to 15 in. in diameter, bright green; nodes marked by a narrow but conspicuous ring; internodes 14 to 18 in. long, rough above and having a white glaucous band below the node; walls thin, “02 to :15 in. Culm-sheatós thin, papery, 10 to 12 in. long by 3 to 4 in. broad, the sides parallel below, gradually narrowing above to a truncate top, which is not auricled; 1 to 12 in. broad, thickly clothed on the back with brown-black appressed hairs; imperfect blade subulate-acuminate, reflexed, slightly decurrent on the sheath, 5 to 7 in. long by 4 to "5 in. broad, striate, somewhat hairy ; ligule 1 in., entire. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 15 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, unequal at the base; rounded or attenuated into а '3 to 4 in. long petiole; ending above in a subulate, scabrous twisted point; glabrous above, sparingly hairy and whitish beneath, scabrous on one margin; main vein broad, yellowish, conspicuous, secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs, intermediate 6 to 7, transverse veinlets scanty, not prominent, formed by glands in the leaf; /eaf-sheaths glabrous, striated, truncate at top; Пуше narrow, faintly toothed. Inflorescence a large terminal drooping panicle of spiciform branchlets, the spikes supported by ovate-acuminate bracts at the joints of the rachis and bearing chiefly fertile spikelets; rachis smooth, slender, thickened above. Spikelets "5 to 1 in. long, bearing 2 to 3 fertile flowers and 1 terminal incomplete flower; rachilla slender, smooth, concavely flattened below, thickened above and slightly ciliate at top; empty glume ovate, mucronate, -2 in. long, faintly hirsute on the back, 2- to T- nerved; jlowering-glumes 1 or 2, similar but longer, mucronate and transversely veined; palea rather shorter than flowering glumes, 2-keeled, blunt or emarginate, ciliate on the keels, l-nerved between keels and 2- to 3.nerved at the sides. Lodicules small, 1 in. long, ovate, triangular, ciliate above, concave below, 3- to 5-nerved, persistent. Stamens exserted, filaments slender, anthers obtuse. Ovary depressed-globose, smooth, stipitate, the style included in the long beak of the perigynium and ending in 2 short plumose stigmas. Cuaryopsis glabrous, ovoid, on a thick stalk and surmounted by a beak. А Slopes of the Western Gháts from N. Kanara down to Cape Comorin, usually at from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, and almost always in the undergrowth of big tree-forest ; ai Hi 4,000 feet. ees и wakes is distinguished easily from the other species by its long, lax, drooping, many-flowered panicle, broad leaves, papery hirsute sheath, and small blunt lodicules. It was gathered in flower by Beddome in the Anamalai Hills (year not recorded); by myself on the Sispara Ghat in 1883 and 1884, and by J. A. Bourdillon Ахх. Вот. Вот. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vou. VII. ` 100 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. at Peermaad in 1887; and leaf specimens have been collected by W. А. "Talbot at the Gairsoppa Falls in N. Kanara, by myself in the Ochterlony Valley and on the Carcoor Ghat, Nilgiris, and by J. A. Bourdillon on the Travancore Hills іп 1892. Bourdillon says that in Travancore it flowered in 1887 to 1859 and died off, new young seedlings at once springing up. I cannot agree with Beddome in identifying this species with Bambusa Wighti, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi 111, which is characterized by very glabrous leaves and very long ligules. Wight’s plant is, I believe, an Ochlandra, and is herein described ав Ochlandra Brandisii, п. sp. Puare No. 87.—TZeinostachyum Wightii, Beddome. 1, leaf- and flower-branch; 2, part of flowering panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath— reduced ; 4, bract; 5, spikelet; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicule; 9, anther; 10, ovary with persistent lodicules, style and stigmas; 11, caryopsis (young)—enlarged. (АП from my own specimens.) 3. ТЕТХОЗТАСНУОМ ATTENUATUM, Munro in Trans. Linn. Кос. xxvi. 148. A medium-sized, tufted bamboo. Culms 12 to 25 ft. long, 5 to 1 in. in diameter, filiform-wiry at the юр; nodes bearing many branches. Culm-sheaths pale, appressed hairy. Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, “6 to 1 in. broad, lanceolate acuminate, rounded at the base into a thickened “1 to :3 in. long petiole; ending above in a twisted, scabrous, subulate point; slightly rough above, smooth and pale beneath; main vein hardly prominent, secondary veins 3 to 4 pairs, inconspicuous, intermediate 5 to 7, rather thick, with no transverse veinlets but lines of pellucid dots between; leaf-sheaths sparingly appressed-pilose, ciliate at the edges, truncate at the mouth and fringed with deciduous ciliæ; ligule short, glabrous, entire. Inflorescence usually in short, spiciform, leafy panicles elustered at the nodes, the end branches sometimes prolonged with verticillate clusters of spikelets, the clusters subtended by a smooth, mucronate bract and containing several sterile spikelets with a few longer fertile ones, often curved ; rachis smooth, swollen above. Spikelets glabrous, narrow, 1 in. long,'2 in. broad, bearing l empty glume, then 2 to 3 fertile flowers, then 1 to 2 imperfect flowers; rach?lla round, smooth, thickened above; empty glume ovate-mucronate, 3 in. long, 7-nerved, ciliate on the edge ; lowering glume similar but longer and 9- to ll-nerved; palea smaller than flowering glume, 2-keeled, minutely ciliate on the keels. Lodicules lanceolate, “15 in. long, 3-nerved, ciliate at the tip. Stamens exserted, filaments long, twisted, anther rather short, bluntly mucronate. Ovary ovoid-acuminate, glabrous, produced into a long style, divided at about 2 of the way up into З long plumose purple stigmas. Caryopsis attenuate at both ends, glabrous, rostrate. Beddome Flora Sylv. ecxxxiv. BAMBUSA ATTENUATA, Thwaites Enum. Plant. Zeyl. 379. Ceylon, in the Central Province at 4,000 to 6,000 feet; collected by Thwaites (No. 3255) in 1864, by T. Thomson, and by Н. Trimen in Ohiya Valley, 1890. This species is distinguished from T. б? ІЛ by the shorter spikelets and ciliate lodicules, from 7, Wightii by the smaller leaves and quite different inflorescence. Ртлте No. 88.—T'einostachyum attenuatum, Munro. 1 9, leaf- and flower-branches— of natural size; 3, spikelets, one fertile, one sterile; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicule; 8, anther; 9, ovary with style and stigmas enlarged (All from T. Thomson’s or Thwaites’s ико INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 101 4. Тегховтаснусм DULLOOA, п. sp. Gamble. А moderate-sized or large tufted bamboo sometimes more or less scandent. Culms variable in size, from 20 to 30 ft. long, 1 to 3 in. in diameter, dark green with a few whitish hairs, whitish below the nodes, glossy when dry; nodes little prominent ; internodes 16 to 30 in. and even to 40 in. long; walls thin. Culm-sheaths variable in size, according to the culms, from 6 in. long and 4 in. broad up to 12 in. long and 10 in. broad, striate, with scattered white appressed hairs prominent above, rounded at top and then somewhat concavely truncate and loosely fringed with stiff bristles; imper fect blade narrow, subulate, recurved, very hairy within, the edges convolute, З to 6 іп, long, "3 to 7 in. broad at the rounded base; ligule prominent, long-fimbriate, Leaves variable, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; rounded, often unequally, at the base into a rather long 79 to *4 in, petiole; subulately acuminate above, the point scabrous, twisted; rough on the upper surface, minutely softly pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath, scabrous on both edges; main vein pale, not very prominent, secondary veins 6 to 10 pairs, inter- mediate about 7, no transverse veinlets, but a few pellucid dots, which have the арреаг- ance of transverse veinlets оп the underside; leaf-sheaths striate, ciliate on the edges, ending in a ciliate or glabrous callus, and furnished at the mouth with a few long, stiff, very deciduous bristles; Пуше broad, long-fimbriate. Jnflorescence a panicle of spiciform branches, bearing verticils of few spikelets, subtended by long truncate bracts. Spikelets "5 to 1 in. long, softly pubescent, those seen only containing imperfect flowers; glumes many-nerved, hairy, aristate, convolute; гаси а jointed and produced into a long point above the uppermost glume; rest not seen. Throughout Northern and Eastern Bengal and Burma, from British Bhutan through the Assam and Sylhet valleys and the hills between them to Chittagong and Upper Burma. Under this species I have brought together a great series of specimens gathered by various collectors in different parts. These specimens fall rather naturally into two divisions: those of large individuals with rather large leaves, and the small ones with small leaves, the latter being chiefly represented by the type, the only speci- mens which give an idea of the character of the flowers. These flowering specimens are those collected in the garden of the monastery at Hawyaw in the Katha district of Upper Burma, in February 1892, by J. W. Oliver. Oliver says that it is a “ small reed-like bamboo" named Thaikwaba (Burmese) and that there is а larger variety of the same name. It is much to be regretted that the flowers are imperfect. I have searched and cannot find a single fertile one, but from the spikelets, so far as they go, the genus seems to be this, and the species to come rather near, either to the Ceylon 7. attenuatum, or to the Burmese Gephalostachyum virgatum., Indeed, when we come to know more of the latter or obtain proper flowers of T. Dullooa, it is not impossible that the two may prove to be identical. Leaf specimens and culm-sheaths in abundance have been collected; the sheaths are very constant in character, and the leaves do not greatly differ from each other. The specimens here placed, therefore, consist of the following:—From the hills of British Bhutan, from the Róng lake, 2,000 feet, collected in 1880 by E. Fuchs and in 1889 by С. A. Gammie, vern. Pogslo, paksálu (Lepcha); Tokré bans ( Nepalese) and said to be used to make quivers; from the Garo Hills, collected by G. Mann in 1881 and 1889 under the name Wadro», and said to be used for carrying water and for making umbrellas; from the - 102 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Jaintea Hills, collected by G. Mann in 1889 under the name Siloh at Sotyngia, 3,500 feet, and said to be used for basket-work, and to make small boxes to carry pán; from the Assam Valley, sent by G. Mann from Sibsagar and Kamráp under the name Dullooe (Assamese) and said to be used for buildings, mats and baskets; from Sylhet, collected at Protabgarh by Babu "Tara Kisor Gupta, and sent by С. Mann under the names Рош and Воја! (Bengali) the former the large, the latter the small variety; from Chittagong, collected by myself at Khagoreea in 1880, under the name Рош, this being the species which Major Lewin in his ‘Hill Tracts of Chittagong’, Caleutta, 1869, speaks of as а very large kind, “much used for making mats, used in loading vessels *with cargo", and as having flowered some 15 or 16 years previously ; and finally, the Burmese Thaikwaba collected in Katha, Gyawa collected in Momeik State in 1892-93 and specimens gathered at 6,000 ft. on "laungmeé, Ruby Mines · District, in 1894, by J. W. Oliver. Besides these, there are specimens in the Kew collection collected by Hooker at Sitakund near Chittagong. It is possible that when good specimens of the flowers are collected, it will be found that there are two species, the smaller Thaikwaba, silloh, and bajad; the larger, Pogslo, wadroo, dullooa, dolu and gyawa; but in my opinion, and so far as it is possible to judge without the flowers, all the specimens before me belong to one and the same widely distributed species. Puate No. 89.— Тегпозгасћуит Dullooa, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of inflor- escence—of natural size; З, culm-sheaths—reduced ; 4 & 5, spikelet and bracts—enlaryed (from Mr. Olivers Thaikwaba). 5. Тегховтаснүум Негғеві, Gamble. An evergreen, tufted, bushy or climbing bamboo. Culms 20 to 40 ft. high, "1 to 1:5 in. in diameter, greyish-green when young, sprinkled with appressed whitish bristles, much arched so as to bend completely over and to touch the ground where they take root; nodes somewhat thickened and whitish; internodes 90 to 50 in. long, or more, covered in the upper part with soft, whitish, velvety pubes- cence when young, when old with a white band; walls thin, scarcely over “1 in. thick. Culm-sheaths 8 to 10 in. long, persistent, thick, brittle, when young bearing few appressed white bristles which leave a scar when they fall, rough towards the base, truncate at top; imperfect blade nearly as long as the sheath, recurved, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous or shortly hispid,» rounded at the base and decurrent as а very narrow long-fringed band on the top of the sheath; ligule narrow, conspicuously fringed with white stiff hairs, :2 to :3 in. long. Leaves very variable in size, usually large, oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 18 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad, unequal at the base, and then contracted into a :3 to ‘4 in. long, broad petiole; cuspidate-acuminate above in a long scabrous twisted point; scabrous on marginal veins, otherwise smooth; glaucescent and glabrous beneath, except for a few hairs near the base; scabrous on the edges; main veins thick, prominent, secondary veins | 7 to 15 pairs, rather indistinct, intermediate 5 to 7, pellucid glands showing on dry specimens as transverse veinlets; Jeaf-sheaths glabrous, smooth, striate, ending in а smooth callus and a short, very deciduous, long-fringed auricle; ligule narrow, fringed, the hairs very easily broken. Inflorescence in long terminal whip-like spikes, bearing distant heads of few spikelets; rachis very slender, densely hairy, thickened and bent s-fashion, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 105 Where it meets the flower heads, joints long. Spikelets (only sterile once seen! containing 2 to 3 empty glumes which are striate, hairy, mucronate. Rest unknown. Вамвова Herrer: ` Munro іп “Trans. Linn. Ко. xxvi. 114. —— PsEUDOSTACHYUM HELFERI, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 508. Сато and Khasia and Jaintia Hills in Assam, and in hill forests down to the Pegu Yoma and Martaban, up to 3,500 feet elevation and always in moist valleys forming dense, almost impenetrable jungle. The characters of the few sterile spikelets on the specimen sent by G. Mann in 1889 from the Garo Hills, have decided me to place this species in Teinostachyum rather than in JPseudosfachyum. It was first collected by Helfer in 1839 (No. 411); afterwards by Brandis, Wathabwot (Burmese); and Kurz Wanwae, wathabwot (Burmese). It has also been sent from Burma. by P. J. Carter and others. The Garo Hill specimens bear the name Wali, and those from the Khasia Hills Тито. It appears to be hardly used except for basket-work. The large unequal leaves, the long culm-internodes, (а specimen in tbe Dehra Dün Forest School Museum has two joints, one 48, the other 52 in. long) the brittle thick eulm-sheath with long-fringed ligule, and the hairy rachis to the spikes seem the best characteristics. This species comes evidently very near to T. сор. It flowered in the Jaintia Hills in Assam in 1888, and then died off. It is also said to have flowered in Burma about 1883. PrArE No. 90.—Teinostachyum Нет, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath—somewhat reduced. (No. 2 from С. Mann’s Garo Hills specimen, the rest from Kurz’ Burma specimens.) 11. Cephalostachyum, Munro. Shrubby or arborescent bamboos. Culms rather thin, usually smooth, straight. Culm-sheaths usually thin, sometimes thick, more or less auricled. Leaves various in size, like those of Bambusa, more usually ovate, long-aeuminate. Inflorescence a terminal globose head or a panicle of heads with spreading branchlets, heads bracteate, the fertile flowers usually mixed with many imperfect ones or with empty glumes. Spikelets one- flowered, elongate, the rachilla produced beyond the flower. Empty. glumes 2 to 3, broad, chaffy, many-nerved, usually long-awned. Flowering glume similar, but more membranaceous and with shorter awns, convolute. Palea thin, many-nerved and onig transversely nerved, 2.keeled, keels close together, often 2-mucronate. Lodicules 5, ` conspicuous, persistent, 3—5-nerved, often papillose. Stamens 6, anthers long, filaments distinct. Ovary ovoid, stalked, produced into a long thickened style, and divided at the top into 2 to 3 short plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, glabrous, beaked; pericarp thickened, separable. à Diergrs.—Seven species, all from the North-East Himalaya, Assam and Burma, one only (C. pergracile) crossing the Bay of Bengal and re-appearing in Chota Nagpur. Analysis of the species. Spikelets in single terminal globose heads—Sxcrion I. Heads not more than 1:5 in. in diameter; leaves rather small. ` Leaves moderately large, palea entire at the apex, anthers blunt . . 1. С. capitatum, Leaves small, palea bifid, anthers apiculate . . . . + • 2. C. pallidum. 104 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. Heads more than 15 in. in diameter; leaves large. Culm- and leaf-sheaths not fringed, palea undivided . Culm- and leaf-sheaths fringed; palea bifid . . š Spikelets in heads in interrupted paniculate ЮЕ сея П. Heads softly hairy, many-flowered. Leaves rather large, eulm-sheath auricles rounded, rachis very slender 5. C. pergracile. Leaves small, culm-sheath auricles pointed, rachis moderately thick . 6. С. flavescens. eo С. latifolium, C. Fuchsianum. > Heads nearly glabrous, flowers few £t C. virgatum. SECTION I. 1. CEPHALOSTACHYUM CAPITATUM, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 139. А shrubby or sub-arborescent, semi-scandent bamboo. Culms 12 to 80 ft. long, thin- walled, yellow, strong below, loose above and so scandent on the branches of trees; nodes not very prominent; internodes long, often З ft. or more, 1 to li in. in diameter, walls :2 to °З in. thick. Culm-sheaths rather thin, papery on the upper part of the young culm, thicker on the lower joints, 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, covered on the back with pale-brown appressed pubescence, mouth triangular, truncate on the longer upper sheaths, on the shorter lower ones rounded with concave sinus; imperfect blade long, erect or recurved, hairy within, rounded at the base and decurrent on the sheath into rounded, sometimes fringed auricles; ligule narrow, serrate. Leaves pale green, whitish beneath, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, unequally, into a short, -2 to "3 in., petiole; ending above in a long, scabrous, twisted, setaceous, acuminate point; 4 to 8 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, glabrous on both sides, rough on the edges; main vein prominent, pale, secondary veins 4 to 10 pairs, inconspicuous, intermediate 6 to 7, no regular transverse veinlets, but distant pellucid dots which have the appearance of oblique transverse veinlets below; Jeaf-sheaths smooth, glabrous, shining, ending in а short auricle with a few, long-curved deciduous сШае. Inflorescence a dense, globular, terminal or axillary brownish head, 1 to 15 in. in diameter supported by broad, long-aristate, glabrous bracts, and consisting of many, long- aristate, keeled empty glumes or sterile spikelets and with a few shorter fertile spikelets. Spikelets “5 to 77 in. long, at the ends of short spikes, bearing 1 to 3 sterile flowers below; empty glumes 2, ovate, concave below and ending in a long scabrous awn, glabrous above, softly hairy below, many-nerved and with transverse veinlets, ‘4 to 5 in. long by about :2 in. broad; flowering glume similar but narrower and with a shorter awn; palea as long as the flowering glume, convolute, thinner in texture, conspicuously nerved both longitudinally and transversely, 2-keeled, the keels close together and hairy between, shortly hairy and bluntly mucronate at tip; rachila produced, short. Lodicules 2 in. long, ovate-lanceolate, rounded and shortly ciliate above, 3—5-nerved, minutely papillose-hairy. Stamens exserted, filaments long; anthers long, narrow, bluntly emarginate at the apex. Ovary ovoid, stalked, produced into a long, thickened, often twisted style which is cleft at apex into 2 short bifid hairy stigmas. Caryopsis chestnut-brown, smooth, shining, ovate, depress- ed, ending in a short conical beak formed by the persistent base of the style, and supported by the persistent glmnes and lodicules; pericarp thick, crustaceous. BAMBUSA CAPITATA, Wall. and Griff. in. Wall, Cat. 8913. INDIAN BAMBUSEE ; GAMBLE. 105 North-East Himalaya and Khasia, Jaintea and Naga Hills; occurring in Sikkim snd Bhutan at between 2,000 feet and 8,000 feet altitude, and at elevations the aame or rather lower in the Khasia Hills. In Sikkim it has been collected by Hooker and Thomson, T. Anderson, С. King and others; in the Khasia Hills by Wallich, Griffith, Hooker and Thomson, C. B. Clarke, &c, and in the Naga Hills by F. C. Colomb in 1886. ; This very pretty, graceful, small bamboo often forms dense thickets on the hill- sides, and appears to flower at very frequent intervals, as has been recorded by collections in Sikkim in 1848? (Hooker and Thomson); 1866 (T. Anderson); 1869 (C. B. Clarke); 1874 (Gamble); 1878 (С. King); 1892 (С. A. Gammie) and in the Khasia Hills in 1830 and 1835 (Griffith); 1850 (Hooker and Thomson); 1871-79 (C. B. Clarke) Perhaps the real reason is that, like Dendrocalamus strictus, it flowers sporadically and then, now and again, has years of wholesale seeding, as happened in my own observation in 1874, when large tracts in the Chel and Хеога valleys in British Bhutan covered with this species died off and became the scene of a great conflagration in the following year. It is known in Sikkim аз Софа, доре (Nepalese) and Payong (Lepcha); in Ше Khasia Hills as Аа and бийеа, I also refer, although doubtfully, to this species, the Serrah and Тегпар collected in leaf only by G. Mann in 1889-90 in the Jaintia Hills, though the culm-sheaths are longer and have longer imperfect blades, and in some respects more resemble Teinostachyum Dullooa, The wood is used by the Lepchas, in preference to that of other kinds, for making bows and arrows, and it is good for basket-work, The leaves ате used for fodder. | It is occasionally difficult to distinguish this, both from С. pallidum and from С. latifolium ; but the blunt anthers and uncleft mucronate palea are characteristic. Var. B decomposita; spikelets arranged in spicate almost paniculate clusters with many fertile spikelets. Collected by Т. Anderson and Kurz in Sikkim. Tas. 91.— Cephalostachyum capitatum, Munro. 1 & 2, leaf-branches with flower- heads—of natural size; 3 & 4, culm-sheaths—No. 3 from the upper part of the young culm, (Gamble), 4 from the lower (G. А. Gammie)—reduced ; 5, тонн with sterile m and bracts below; 6, empty glume; 7, flowering glume A palea; > lodicule ; 10, stamens (young) and ovary with style; 11, caryopsis—enlarged (chiefly from my own specimens). 9. (CEPHALOSTACHYUM PALLIDUM, Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 139. A shrubby or small arboreous bamboo, with branches verticillate at the nodes, merous, Culms and culm-sheaths not known. Leaves pale green, ovate- онер moak си ually rounded at the base into a rather long ‘2 in. petiole which is lanceolate, сер a suddenly narrowed above into a scabrous subulate point ending Mi piii š а - 1 to 5 in. long and “5 to 1 in. broad ; glabrous on both sides or in а long hair- 4 ed w, rough on the edges which are somewhat cartilaginous; main minutely а num e а ins 4 to 6 pairs, intermediate 7, no transverse veinlets ; vein pale, pr id ate on the edges, ending in а short, rounded auricle furnished gre gen dy deciduous ciliz; ligule long, sometimes ciliate. Inflorescence a with а Ann. Вот, Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor, VIL. 106 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. pale terminal head about 1 in. in diameter, supported by a leaf and broad, rounded, glabrous, sheath-like bracts, and consisting of many long aristate empty glumes or sterile spikelets, with few exserted fertile spikelets. Spikelets *T to "8 in. long; empty glumes sessile, or with few empty bractlets at the base, “5 to "6 in. long, ovate, concave and ending in a long, usually 2 in., scabrous awn, many-nerved, sometimes pubescent on the back below the awn; flowering glume similar but with а shorter awn; palea as long as the flowering glume, thinner in texture, many-nerved, with both longitudinal and transverse veins, 2-keeled, the keels close together, bifid-mucronate at apex, hairy below the keels and at the tip, rachilla produced, short. Lodicules about *15 long, lanceolate or spathulate-lanceolate, 3—5-nerved, minutely papillose, pubescent, ciliate at the tip. Stamens exserted, filaments long ; anthers long-apiculate. Ovary ovoid- lanceolate, extended into a long conical style with 2 hairy short stigmas. f Car yopsis chestnut brown, glabrous, ovoid-globose, conical above and wrinkled, ending in а beak formed by the persistent base of the style and supported by the persistent glumes and lodicules.. Kurz For. РІ. Burma ii. 563. Khasia Hills, Mishmi Hills, Patkaye Range and Manipur, ascending to 5,000 ft. Collected by Griffith (Nos. 6733, 6718), C. B. Clarke and G. Mann. | | This graceful species is distinguished with some difficulty from С. capitalum; but it has much smaller leaves, longer ligules, a bifid palea and apiculate anthers. ‘The culms and culm-sheaths have unfortunately not been described. It was gathered in flower by Griffith in 1835, by C. B. Clarke in 1872 and 1885-86, and by G. Mann in 1878. Munro says that this is called Вейе bans; but the bamboo more commonly known as Betee ог Већћ is Teinostachyum Grifithii, Munro. Griffith’s specimens were found on the summit of the Patkaye Range, and on its southern side, on his journey from Naga to Hookoom (Griff. Journ. 64). Ррате No. 92.—Cephalostachyum pallidum, Munro. 1 & 2, leaf- and flower-branches— of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea with stamens and style; 7, lodicule; 8, anther; 9, ovary with style and stigmas; 10, caryopsis—enlarged (from C. B. Clarke’s specimens). 9. CEPHALOSTACHYUM LATIFOLIUM, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 140. A shrubby, semi-scandent bamboo. Culms thin, dark green, rough, whitish below the nodes, which are marked by a conspicuous ring. Culm-sheaths thin, papery, straw- coloured, 6 to 9 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, sides parallel, top rounded and ending in a concave sinus 7 in. in diameter, with rather sharp, triangular, glabrous: auricles; imperfect blade 4 to 5 in. long, 3 to *5 in. broad, subulate, acuminate; ligule broad, Leaves very large, ovate or ovatelanceolate, unequal at the base; we ge-shaped or rounded into a thick 3 to ‘4 in. wrinkled petiole; ending above in a scabrous, setaceous tip; 10 to 16 in. long, 1 to 4 in. broad; main, vein prominent, pale, secondary veins 8 to 18 pairs, conspicuous, intermediate 7 to 10, no regular transverse veinlets, but, distant pellucid dots which give sometimes the appearance of transverse уешев on the underside; Jeaf-sheaths striate, ciliate on the edges, ending in а broad, thick, emarginate callus, and produced beyond it to meet the broad ligule, which is again long produced and often up to 2 in. or more. Inflorescence a thick, terminal globular head, often 2 in. in diameter, composed of clusters of Spikelets, some INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 107 fertile, some sterile, supported by broad, striate, keeled, aristate bracteoles. Spikelets 1-flowered, acuminate, long-aristate, “6 to "9 in. long; empty glumes `6 in. long, ovate- lanceolate, long awned, glabrous except the scabrous awn, striate, somewhat keeled; Jiowering glume similar but lanceolate-acuminate, and with a shorter awn and transverse veinlets; palea membranous, both longitudinally and transversely veined, ending in a blunt hairy point, convolute; ғас Йа produced, short. Lodicules ovate-lanceolate or spathulate, ciliate, 3-nerved, 2 in. long, minutely papillose-pubescent. Stamens exserted, filaments long, anthers bluntly mucronate, Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a long style which is flattened above and finally divided into two short plumose stigmas. Caryopsis chestnut brown, shining, broadly ovoid, stalked, "3 in. long, "15 in. broad, curved above, ending in a beak formed by the persistent base of the style, and supported by the persistent glumes and lodicules; pericarp crustaceous. North-East Himalaya in British Bhutan, up to 5,000 feet; also in Manipur at 7,000 feet. Collected by Griffith (1835); by myself (1879) at Dumsong in British Bhutan; and by G. Watt in Manipur in 1882. This species is at once distinguished from С. capilatum by the large broad leaves and long ligules; and from C. Fuchsianum by the absence of ciliated fringes to the leaf-sheaths and by the undivided райға. The specimens of leaves and culm-sheaths sent from Upper Burma by J. W. Oliver under the name of Gyawa (Burmese), Laka (Kachin), resemble this, but the ligules are much smaller and the culm-sheaths are ciliate at the top. Puate No. 93.—Cephalostachyum latifolium, Munro. 1, leaf- and flower-branch—of natural size; 2, culm-sheath—reduced ; 3, cluster of spikelets, mostly sterile; 4, empty glume; 5, flowering glume; 6, palea; 7, lodicule; 8, anther; 9, ovary with style and stigmas; 10, same when older supported by persistent lodicules; 11, caryopsis— enlarged (No. 2 from my own, rest from Griffith’s specimens.) _ 4, CEPHALOSTACHYUM FUCHSIANUM, п. 8р. Gambie. A medium-sized, arborescent, semi-scandent bamboo. Culms small, soft, thin-walled, pale, verticillately branched from the nodes. Culm-sheaths thin, striate and reticulately veined at the edges, sides nearly parallel, rounded at the top on each side into a deep (often 1 in. deep and “5 m. broad at bottom) concave long bristly-fringed sinus, 12 in. ong by 4 in. broad, clothed on the back with appressed light brown pubescence ; imperfect blade inserted at the base of the sinus, reflexed, subulate, 6 to 8 in. long, "7 to 8 in. broad, closely pubescent below; ligule small; younger sheaths cylindrical, the mouth furnished with rows of long, white, stiff, bent bristles. Leaves large, ovate-lanceolate, angled or rounded at the base rather abruptly into а 5 to 6 im long, thick petiole ; cuspidately acuminate with a scabrous, twisted point ; glabrous on both sides, scabrous on the edges; 8 to 14 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad ; main vein prominent, shining, secondary veins 7 to 10 pairs, intermediate 8 to 10, pellucid glands giving the appearance of transverse veinlets when dry; /eaf-sheath soft, dark green, striate, thickly long-ciliste on ч» edges, ending in а rounded calus and produced at the top into an elongated auricle thickly clothed with thick, white, stiff bristles which are often “6 to 1. ш, long ; ligule moderately long, ciliate. Inflorescence a dense, globular, terminal head, 2:5 in. in diameter, or else an elongated, densely packed, terminal, congested spike of superposed heads, Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. 108 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. consisting of many fertile spikelets among empty aristate bracts or sterile smaller spikelets. Spikelets elongate, "8 to 1 in. long, glabrous; empty glumes "6 to ‘7 in., ovate at base, long-scabrous-aristate above, glabrous, striate, with 17 to 19 nerves; ps glume similar but more elongate and more shortly aristate, 21- to 23-nerved, 2d transversely veined; palea rather longer than flowering glume, thin, ovate-lanceolate, bifid at apex, the tips mucronate, pubescent, 2-keeled, the keels close together, 5-6-nerved and transversely nerved on either side; гаси а produced, short. Гофсиез linear-lanceolate or spathulate, blunt, 3- to 5-пегуед, minutely ciliate above and papilose on the sides. Stamens long exserted, drooping; anthers sharply apiculate or forked at the tip. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, produced into a thick style, divided above into 2 short stigmas. Caryopsis chestnut brown, similar to that of С. latifolium, but more rounded at top; pericarp crustaceous. Eastern Haie in the hills of British Bhutan about Dumsong, Laba and Song- сћопоји, 6,000 to 8,000 ft., also in the Daphla Hills at Shamgarh, 6,800 ft.; collected in flower by G. A. Gammie in 1889 and 1892, in leaf only; in 1880 by myself, by Е. Fuchs іп 1877 (2), and by Lister in the Daphla Hills in 1875. I first met with this beautiful species when it was sent to me by the late Mr. E. Fuchs, Assistant Conservator of the Tista Forests, who had taken some con- siderable trouble to collect bamboos there; and thinking it to be a Cephalostachyum, not traceable in Munro’s Monograph, I gave it later on the Herbarium name of С. Fuchsianum, to which I now adhere. I afterwards found it myself in 1880. It is apparently quite а loeal species, but it is now in cultivation, owing to the distribution of the seed collected by Mr. Gammie. It will probably be found to succeed in Europe, perhaps even іп the open аш, The Lepchas know it by the name of Райт. It is easily recognized by the long fringes to the leaf sheaths, the deeply indented top of the culm-sheath, and the bifid palea. Prate No. 94.—Cephalostachyum Fuchsianum, Gamble. 1, leaf- and flower-branch ; 2, part of the spicate form of inflorescence; 3, leaf-sheath—of natural size; 4, old culm- sheath ; 5, culm-sheath of young shoot—reduced; 6, spikelet; 7, empty glume; 8, flower- ing glume; 9, palea; 10, lodicule; 11, anther; 12, ovary and style; 13, ee oe (all iron G. A. Gammie’s пе ат SECTION П. 5. CEPHALOSTACHYUM PERGRACILE, Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 141. А deciduous, arboreous, tufted bamboo. Culms erect, glaucous-green, somewhat whitish-puberulous below the nodes, 30 to 40 ft. high, 2 to 3 in. in diameter; nodes scarcely thickened; internodes 12 to 18 in. long, walls very thin. Culm-sheaths much shorter than internodes, 4 to 6 in. long, 6 to 8 in. broad, densely covered with black, stiff, deciduous hairs, afterwards polished chestnut brown; imperfect blade 2 in. long, ovate, cordate, cuspidate, densely hairy within, decurrent into а wavy fringe bordering the top of the sheath and ending on either side in a rounded auricle; both fringe and auricle edged with long, stiff, curved, white bristles, which are often "5 іп, long; ligule very narrow, entire. Leaves variable, linear-lanceolate, 6 to 14 in. long by 1 to 15 and even 25 in. broad, thin; rounded or cuneate at the base into a short "2 in, petiole; above subulate, acuminate, with а scabrous point; scabrous on the edges and rough on both sides, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 109 glaucescent beneath; main vein conspieuous, secondary veins 7 to 13 pairs, intermediate usually 5, transverse veinlets few, oblique; leaf-sheaths glabrous, faintly striate, ending in a small ciliate callus and auricled at the mouth with a few long white cilia which are early caducous; ligule very narrow, entire. Jnjlorescence а large panicle with verticels of long, drooping, filiform spikes, bearing distant broad heads of spikelets supported by small chaffy sheathy bracts; the rachis very slender, wiry, thickened above, and 1:5 to 2 in. between the clusters. Spikelets in bracteate clusters, "5 to "7 in. long, no regular етріу glumes, but 1 to 9 sterile flowers, then a fertile flower, then a terminal sterile flower or filiform produced rachilla; Jlowering glume *5 to 7 in. long, ovate- lanceolate, many-nerved, densely pale-hairy, long-mucronate; palea as long as flowering glume, 2-keeled, the keels close together, ciliate, apex deeply bifidly mucronate, Lodicules narrow, about "2 in. long, lanceolate, somewhat obtuse and ciliate at tip, 3- to 5-пегуед, concave at the base and persistent. Stamens with narrow filaments; anthers purple, obtuse. Ovary smooth, sub-globular at the base and prolonged above into a 3-cornered style ending in Я to З stout recurved stigmas. ^ Caryopsis obovate-oblong, shining, “5 in. long, ending in a straight beak also about #5 in. long and somewhat compressed, grooved on one side. Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 564. Throughout Burma, where it is common in upper mixed forests and often grega- riously forming forests by itself. Collected in flower by Brandis in 1862 and 1880, To this species I refer the bamboo collected by myself in 1881 at Luia in the Kolhan forests, Singhbhém district, Chota Nagpur; also the Гато (Naga) bamboo collected by G. Mann in the Sibsagar district of Assam, but from planted specimens; and the Madang (Singpho) collected in 1890 by Kripa Nath Dé in Lakhimpur, Assam. Mann says, however, that it is wild, growing in clumps on the lower Naga Hills, and that it is used by the Nagas for basket-work. The Burmese name is Тоа. This beautiful species is probably the most common of all Burmese bamboos except Dendrocalamus strictus; and, as I am informed by J. W. Oliver, it may be found almost any year flowering sporadically like Dendrocalamus strictus and — Hamiltonii, but not generally producing good seed on such occasions. The Kolhan and Assam localities would point to its having a wider range than is generally supposed. The culms are largely used for building and mat-making and other purposes, and in Burma the joints are used for boiling kauknyin or glutinous rice, the effect being to make a long mould of boiled rice which can be carried about to be eaten on journeys. It is at once recognized by the characteristie inflorescence, the short sheaths with rounded, long. fringed auricles, and long bifidly-mucronate palea. Prate No. 95.— Cephalostachyum pergracile, Munro. ; panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath—slightly reduced; 4, cluster of omer: : 5, вечен cluster; 6, spikelet open, showing sterile flower, flowering glume, pcr 42 uced rachilla with rudimentary flower; 7, palea; 8, stamens and beue 9, lodieule; 10, anther; 11, ovary and persistent lodicules; 12, caryopsis (young ?;—enlarged (all from Brandis’s Burma specimens ) 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower- 6. CEPHALOSTACHYUM FLAVESCENS, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 564. An evergreen, tufted, semi-arborescent bamboo. Culms dull green, turning yellow, 10 to 20 ft. high, smooth; nodes not prominent; internodes rather long, 1 to 15 im. 110 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. in diameter. Culm-sheaths rather short, 4 to 5 in. long by about 5 in. broad а! base, smooth or covered with appressed white or pale brown bristly hairs, ending in a triangular truncate top; imperfect blade long-ciliate on the margins, the edges convo- lute, 1 to 15 in., егесі, ovate, cordate, cuspidate, decurrent into a wavy fringe bordering the top of the sheath and ending on either side in a long pointed auricle, that on one side being bent downwards, that on the other upwards, both fringe and auricle edged with stiff curved bristles “1 to 2 in. long; ligule narrow, entire ог slightly toothed. Leaves small, linear, 3 to 6 in. long by 4 to ‘7 in. broad, con- tracted at the base into a very short petiole; acuminate above in а long slightly scabrous point; glabrous, except for a few long hairs beneath, scabrous on both edges; main vein narrow, secondary veins 4 to 6 pairs; intermediate 5 to 7, faint; leaf-sheaths smooth, glabrous, ending in a very narrow callus and produced at the sides into long, narrow, glabrous auricles which are furnished with а few short deciduous ciliz ; ligule narrow, inconspicuous. Inflorescence a leafy branching panicle of few verticillate branchlets, bearing heads of spikelets supported by a glabrous bract; rachis slender, glabrous, distance between spikelet clusters usually 2 to 2°5 in. Spikelets mostly fertile, linear, acuminate, hairy, “2 in. long with a few empty bract-like glumes or sterile spikelets between; empty glumes 1-2, ovate-lanceclate, mucronate, white-hairy, about 7- to 9-nerved ; flowering glume similar ; palea as long as flowering glume, 2-keeled, the keels close together, white-pilose on the edges, the tip deeply bifidly mucronate. Lodicules oblong, about 2 in. long, obtuse, ciliate at the tip, 3- to 5-nerved, concave at the base. Stamens at first greenish, then turning yellow; anthers obtuse or acute. Ovary ovoid-acuminate, rounded, stipitate, smooth, ending in a long three-cornered style divided above into slightly white hairy stigmas. Caryopsis not known. MELOCANNA LUTESCENS, Kurz in Journ As. Soc. Beng. xli. 300. к | Burma ?: exact country not known, but said by Kurz to have been introduced from Pegu into the Royal Botanie Gardens, Caleutta. Cultivated also in the Agri-Horticul- tural Societys Garden in Madras, and perhaps elsewhere. Specimens of a bamboo planted near the Kaulagarh Canal, Dehra Dún, resemble this; but the leaves and leaf sheaths are more hairy and the culm-sheaths have more rounded auricles, | This species is distinguished from С. pergracile by the pointed culm-sheath auricles which are directed one upwards, the other down, by the smaller leaves and by the inflorescence having smaller heads, thicker rachis, and bearing leaves. The spikelets do not differ much. PrarE No. 96.—Cephalostachyum flavescens, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch ; 2 & 3, flowering branches; 4, young shoot; 5, culm-sheath—about natural size; 6, spikelet; 7, empty glume; 8, реа; 9, lodicule; 10, anther; 11, ovary with style and stigmas—endarged. (All from Kurz specimens.) | 7. CEPHALOSTACHYUM VIRGATUM, Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 565. А sub-arboreous bamboo ; culm, culm-sheaths and leaves unknown. Inflorescence a large, leafless, drooping panicle, bearing on fasciculate branchlets distant lax heads, consisting of rather few, nearly glabrous, spikelets, supported by a narrow chaffy bract, the fertile spikelets mixed with sterile ones or empty glumes; rachis smooth, flattened on one side, the distance between the heads gradually decreasing. Spikelets narrow, acute, "5 INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 111 to "6 in. long, with 1 to 2 small sterile flowers at the base; етріу glume ovate mucronate, short; flowering glume 74 in. long, glabrous except a few white hairs, convolute, coriaceous, shortly mucronate ; palea rather longer than the flowering glume, nearly glabrous, 2-keeled, keels rather faint and close together, shortly bi-mucronate. Lodicules lanceolate-acuminate, shortly ciliate, faintly 3-nerved. Stamens with narrow filaments ; anthers narrow, obtuse. Ovary stalked, ovate, glabrous, surmounted by a thickened style bearing 2—3 plumose purple stigmas. Caryopsis not known. MELOCANNA VIRGATA, Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 133. Upper Burma at Keouksik (Kyauksit) on the Mogaung river, collected only by Griffith (see Journal, page 89), No. 6732 of list. This species, clearly a CepAalostachyum, is distinguished from the two preceding by the heads bearing fewer flowers and being nearly glabrous, and by the much thicker rachis. It may be hoped that, as Upper Burma is gradually explored, better specimens may become available. Ртлте No. 97.—Cephalostachyum virgatum, Kurz. 1 & 2, flowering branches—of natural size ; 3, cluster of spikelets ; 4, spikelet; 5, empty glume; 6, flowering glume ; 7, palea; 8, anthers, style and lodicules ; 9, lodicules ; 10, anther—en/arged. · (All from Griffiths No. 6732.) Sub-tribe 4.—MELOCANNEA. Stamens 6 only. Lodicules none; spikelets very small . . . . . . . . «© . o 12. Dinochloa, Lodicules 2 or more. Caryopsis small, with hard or crustaceous pericarp. . . . . 13. Schizostachyum. Caryopsis very large, with thick and fleshy pericarp . . . . 14. Мейсаппа. Stamens 6 or more, lodieules irregular in number, caryopsis large, with hick AOA SR ра tel ik e a ыты» thick fleshy pericarp . . 15. Ochlandra. 12. Dinochloa, Biise. Lofty climbing bamboos, with zigzag culms. Culms moderately thick, zigzag, climbing, usually covered by the persistent sheaths. Culm-sheaths thick, loosely-clasping, wrinkled at the ‘base, where a broad leathery ring remains after the sheath falls; imperfect blade long. Leaves large, rather soft in texture, with transverse veinlets. Inflorescence а large compound panicle of thin spieate clusters of spikelets. Spikelets very minute, very numerous, in sub-globose sessile heads or short branchlets, 1-flowered ; rachilla short, not articulate, not produced. Empty glumes 1 to 4, broad, very obtuse, muticous, gradually larger upwards. Flowering glume similar. Palea convolute, equal to, or larger than, the flowering glume, not keeled. Lodicules none. Stamens 6, free, short. Ovary ovate, glabrous; style short. Caryopsis ovoid, acuminate. Disrris.—T wo species; both Indo-Malayan. Analysis of the species. Culm-sheaths attenuate at the apex, leaves moderate-sized . . 1. D. Tyjankorreh. Culm-sheaths truncate at the apex, leaves ңе ае. % DB. Е 112 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 1. DINocHLoA Тулхковвен, Визе in Ми. Pl. той. 388. An evergreen, lofty, scandent bamboo. Culms up to 100 ft. long, 1 in. ог more in diameter, zigzag-geniculate, green, glossy; nodes swollen, marked by Ше coria- ceous, persistent bases of the fallen sheaths, those of branches often thorny; internodes 9 to 18 in. long, hairy in the upper part, walls thin; cwulm-sheaths loose, cylin- drical, gradually attenuate towards the mouth which is not auricled, sprinkled with minute white fugacious bristles, base leathery and persistent, upper margins somewhat waved; imperfect blade ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading or erect, minutely hispid above; ligule rather broad, entire or slightly toothed. Leaves moderately large, 6 to 10 in. long, 1 to 15 in, broad, rather soft, lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base into a very short hairy petiole; point setaceous, slightly rough; smooth on both surfaces, slightly scabrous on the edges; main vein conspicuous, secondary veins 7 to 9 pairs, transverse veinlets conspicu- ous owing to pellucid glands; /eaf-sheaths glabrous when old, appressed-hairy when young, striate, ending in a callus and a rounded mouth with long white stiff ciliæ; ligule rather broad, truncate, long-ciliate. Jnjlorescence a large compound panicle of spicate, thin, wiry branches; the rachis curved, smooth, striate, flattened on one side, marked at the nodes by a ring formed by the bases of fallen bracts; clusters very small, with few fertile spikelets and many empty glumes. Spikelets very small, at most *1 in. long, ovate, glossy, brown, glabrous, one-flowered; empty glumes 1 with 1 or 2 smaller at the base below the articulation, broad, obtuse, convolute, muticous, 5- to 7-nerved; flowering glume similar to empty glume; рака rounded, much convolute. Stamens included, filaments short, anthers with an acute tip. Ovary ovate, ending in a thick style, and bifid non-plumose stigma. Caryopsis ovoid, shortly beaked, '1 to “2 in. long, fleshy. Му. Fl. Ind. Bat, ш. 415; Munro in raus. Linn. Кос. xxvi. 158, Pl. V; Kurz in Ind. Forester 1. 352. BAMBUSA SCANDENS, Blume, ex Nees in Flora vii. (1824) 291. Nasrus TJANGKORREH, Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. 1358; Kunth Enum. 1. 430; Steudel Syn. 333. CHUSQUEA AMPLOPANICULATA, Steud. Syn. 337; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 415. Malay Peninsula: collected at Larut in Perak by Н. W. Ridley in 1892 (No. 3112), Extending to Java, Borneo and throughout the Moluccas. Var. andamanica.—Spikelets straw-coloured; leaves rather larger, up to 12 in. long and 2 in. broad, softer, ovate-lanceolate, their sheaths more ciliate at the mouth and with a more fimbriate ligule. DINOCHLOA ANDAMANICA, Kurz in Journ. As. 0с. Beng. xlii. (1873), ii. 253; Kurz For. Fi. Вигта 1. 570. ае Andaman and Nicobar Islands: collected in the Mount Harriet tropical forests, S. Andaman, by Kurz, 1875; by Sieber in 1858; by A. L. Home in 1874; in the Nicobar Islands by Kurz in 1875; and by Jelinek (Austrian ‘Novara’? Expedition), - (No. 259). ! This eurious and very widespread coast species has the smallest flowers of any Indian species of bamboo yet known. Kurz, in his ‘Report on the vegetation of the Andaman Islands’, Calcutta, 1870, p. 75, says, “forming nearly half of the whole scandent vege- "tation in these jungles, and rendering many places nearly impenetrable.” In that INDIAN ВАМВГЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 118 work he called it D, Туапойогтей, but he afterwards published the Andaman plant or a new species distinguished thus (see Journ, Ав, Soc. Beng. xlii 249.) “spiculis multo "minoribus, pallidis (nee brunneis), foliis multo majoribus et ligulà vaginarum differt." After careful examination of the specimens, however, I cannot think that the Andaman plant is anything more than a variety. Kurz gives the Andamanese name as Baradahbarat, and Ridley's Perak specimens bear the name Виш Akar. Tjankorreh is the Java name. Ртлте Хо. 98,.—Dinochloa Tjangkorreh, Büse, var. andamanica. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, part of flower-panicle; 3, young culm-shoot to show culm-sheaths—o/ natural size; 4, spikelet; 5, empty glume; 6, palea; 7, stamen ; 8, ovary; 9, caryopsis; 10 spinous branch node with persistent base of sheath—enlarged. (No. 3 from Kurz figure іп Herb. Royal Bot. Garden, Calcutta; Nos. 1 & 10 from Kurz’ specimen; No. 9 from Munro's drawing; rest from specimens collected by the Novara Expedition: all except No. 9 from var. andamanica, the type being so well represented in Munro's plate.) 2. DiNocHLoA M'CLELLANDI, Gamble. . An evergreen, lofty, often scandent bamboo. Culms up to 100 ft. in height, if climbing; shorter and straggling if growing alone, 1 to 2 in. in diameter, zigzag-geni- culate, covered by the persistent loose sheaths, grey-green, walls *2 to '3 in. thick; nodes swollen; internodes 6 to 8 in. long, often angled especially when young, scabrous, with appressed brown pungent hairs. Culm-sheaths cylindrical, the base often dark, leathery, persistent, 6 to 9 in. long, 7 to 9 in. broad at base, 2 to 3 in. at top, covered with densely appressed golden brown pubescence, ending above іп a narrow, "1 in. broad, dark, glabrous margin, edging the whole of the truncate top outside the base of the imperfect blade; imperfect blade lanceolate acuminate, rounded at the base and. decurrent on to the sheath, 6 to 12 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad, recurved or spreading, glabrous outside, densely brown hairy within; ligule “1 to 2 in. broad, entire or very faintly serrate. Leaves large to very large, broadly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, unequal at the base; rounded and decurrent into a broad thick petiole up to 5 in. long; tip acuminate, setaceous, scabrous, twisted; retrorsely scabrous on one or both edges, glabrous on both sides; 6 to 18 in. long, 1 to 4 in, broad; main vein prominent, secondary veins 10 to 18 pairs, intermediate about 7, transverse veinlets many, conspi- euous, oblique; leaf-sheath striate, transversely-veined, produced at the mouth into a rounded naked auricle, keeled at back, appressed-hairy when young, afterwards glabrous ; ligule often broad, entire or serrate. Inflorescence, etc., unknown. D. Маси. LANDI, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xli. 249; Рог. Fl. Burma ii. 371; Bampusa M’CLELLANDI, Munro in Trans, Linn, Soc. xxvi. 114. _ Chittagong and Burma. Tropical forests of the Pegu Yoma and Martaban. Col- lected by Kurz, Brandis, P. J. Carter (No. 16), ete. Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens of Calcutta and Peradeniya in Ceylon. — ДА handsome, well marked species, having all the characters of Dinochloa, as pointed out by Kurz, Called Wanway (climbing bamboo) in Burma. PrarE No. 99.—Dinochloa M’Clellandi, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, large leaf; 3, top of shoot; 4, culm-sheath and portion of stem (from Calcutta Dotanic Garden specimens). Ахх. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 114 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA, 13. Schizostachyum, Vees. Arborescent or shrubby bamboos, usually erect, sometimes climbing. Culms smooth, usually slender, walls thin. Culm-sheaths shorter than internodes, cylindrical, furnished with small auricles and bearing a triangular or subulate imperfect blade. Leaves mode- rately broad to broad, petioled, smooth, without proper transverse veinlets. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of spicate branches, bearing heads of spikelets, often reduced to a spike of heads, which are sometimes very few; rachis slender. Spikelets slender, fasci- culate in heads, usually pedunculate, or 2 or 3 together, often long, cylindrical, sometimes short. Empty glumes 1 to 3, narrow, separated by rachille from each other and from the flowering glume, usually mucronate. Flowering glumes 1 or 2, articulate below, much imbricate, convolute. Palea similar to flowering glume, not keeled, but often furrowed, sometimes bi-mucronate, closely convolute, bearing a terminal rudimentary flower on а long rachilla. Lodicules 0 to 4, usually 3, narrow, lanceolate, faintly ciliate. Stamens 6, exserted; anthers narrow, obtuse or apiculate or penicillate, filaments free. Ovary narrow, enclosed in a crustaceous pericarp which lengthens into a beak enclosing the style, which divides at the top into 3, short, plumose stigmas. Caryopsis (where known) ovoid, beaked, the beak bent to one side, enclosed in a crustaceous separate pericarp, seed rounded, embryo distinct. Distrib.—Besides the five species herein described, there are about eleven others. Опе--8. parvifolium, Munro—occurs in Madagascar; another—S, dumetorum, Munro—in China; another —S. glaucifoliuu, Munro—in. the Pacific Islands; another—/S. acutiflorum, Munro—in the Philippine Islands; and seven more, viz.—S. elegantissimum, Kurz, S. Zollingeri, Kurz, S. brachycladum, Kurz, S. Irratun, Steud., S. longispiculatum, Kurz, S. serpentinum, Kurz, and А. Hasskarlianum, Kurz—in Java and the neighbouring islands. Some of these may possibly be indigenous in the Indo-Malayan region, but I hesitate to include them without more information as to their true geographical distribution. Analysis of the species. Spikelets in heads in terminal per uim Heads very few, 1 іо З . . c r^r cos а лы 12 SS zeque, Нема usually mote than Фо. . . . . . . . ... 2. S.ehihanthum. Spikelets in heads in panieulate spikes. Spikelets short, under T in. long . . . . . . . . . 8, 8, Blume. . Spikelets long, usually over 1 in. ius Glumes glabrous . . . . «е» у с: .. 4. 5 iatifolium. lumes hairy а WOW. o. v ро. а 9. лене 1. SCHIZOSTACHYUM TENUE, л. sp. Gamble. А graceful, small, climbing bamboo. Culms reed-like, thin. Culm-sheaths not known. Leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, “9 to’-6 in. broad; narrowed at the base into a rather long :3 in. petiole; ending in а. long setaceous twisted point; smooth and glabrous on both sides; edges very faintly scabrous, somewhat cartilaginous; main vein prominent, shining, Mondes veins 3. to 5 pairs, intermediate “INDIAN BAMBUSEE, GAMBLE. 115 5 to 7, very distant transverse veinlets caused by pellucid glands; Jea/-sheaths smooth, striate, truncate at the mouth with a broad callus; ligule very narrow. Inflorescence a terminal spike of 1 to 3 heads bearing few йй: ts; rachis slender, curved; heads bracteate, with yellowish, mucronate, chaffy bracts. Spikelets narrow acuminate, about 9 in. long, with 1 to 2 empty glumes, one fertile flower and a terminal small hairy imperfect flower; empty glumes ovate acute, mucronate, 5- to 7-veined; Jlowering glume similar but longer; palea longer than flowering glume, 2-keeled, the keels close together, glabrous, bi-mucronate. Lodicules 3, 2 in. long, ovate-acute, thickened below, 3—ó-nerved, somewhat hairy within. Stamens exserted; anthers linear, rounded at the top. Ovary narrowly oblong, surmounted by a long beak, enclosing, but rather longer than, the style; stigmas 3, purple plumose. Caryopsis not known. Malaya: collected by H. N. Ridley in 1891, at Kwala Berar Pahang (No. 5596) and Bukit Toongul, Malacca (No. 5601). His specimen from Kota Tiuggi, Johore, is also this probably, but has rather larger and longer leaves, reaching 9 in. in length and ‘8 in. in breadth. I cannot help thinking that this may be the plant described as Schizostachyum elegant- issimum, Kurz in Ind. Forester i. 348= Bambusa elegantissima, Hassk. Pl. Jav. rar. 49— Beeshu elegantissima, Kurz, Munro in Trans. Linn, бос. xxvi 146; but the specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium do not agree very well, and I have therefore preferred to describe it afresh. It is near А. chilianthum, but is much more slender and has fewer heads, often reduced to 1 only. Рглте Хо. 100.—Schizostachyum tenue, Gamble. 1, leaf. and flower ^ branch— of natural size; 2, spikelet; 3, empty glume; 4, flowering glumo; 5, palea; 6, lodicules; 7, anther; 8, ovary and beak with stigmas—a// enlarged (from Ridley's Pahang specimens). 2. SOHIZOSTACHYUM CHILIANTHUM, Kurz in Ind. Forester i. 348. A small, graceful, shrubby bamboo. Culms 6 to 8 ft. high, 6 to 8 in. in diameter, smooth, glossy ; nodes not prominent; internodes fistular, glabrous, with the flower- and leaf-bearing branchlets semi-verticillate together at the nodes with many small bract- like sheaths, branchlets curved, slender, smooth. Culm-sheaths glabrous, smooth, ciliate on the. edges, ending in a truncate mouth; imperfect blade erect, narrowly lanceolate, rounded at the base, hairy within and decurrent on the sheath in a long-fringed band ending in narrow auricles also long-fringed ; ligule narrow, long-fimbriate. Leaves 6 to 10 in. long, “7 to 1 in. broad, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate ; rounded or attenuate at the base into a ‘2 in. long petiole; ending іп а setaceous, twisted, scabrous point, sometimes even 1:5 in. long; somewhat rough above, pale and hairy on the midrib beneath, scabrous on the edges; main vein not prominent, secondary veins 4 to 6, intermediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets formed by pellucid glands, few but conspicuous ; leaf: ‘sheaths striate, glabrous, ciliate at the edges, truncate at the mouth, with a narrow callus and short auricles, the mouth bearing long white (about 10) stiff deciduous bristles ; ligule very, short. Inflorescence a terminal spike of distant heads of spikelets, heads about *5 in. broad, few, rarely more than 5 to 6; rachis very slender, somewhat angled, grooved, glabrous. Spikelets 74 to “6 in. long, very narrow, acuminate, with 1 fertile flower and sometimes a gemmiferous glume below and a terminal minute Ann. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 116 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. imperfect one with long produced rachilla; empty glumes glabrous, striate, ovate-mucronate; flowering glume similar but longer; palea similar but bi-mucronate, keeled above only and furrowed. Lodicules 8, ovate-lanceolate ог obovate, 3- to 5-veined, ciliate on the edges. Stamens exserted; anthers short, greenish, rounded at the tip (Munro says ‘apiculate,’ but I do not find them so) Ovary oblong, long-beaked, the зе included in the beak; stigmas 3, short, exserted, purple plumose. Caryopsis ovate, long-beaked (4 in. long, '2 in. broad, beak “5 ш.), beak much bent to опе side, surrounded by the persistent flowering glume and palea; pericarp crustaceous; seed rounded, embryo distinct, CHLooTHAMNUS CHILIANTHUS, Вше in Pl. Јипић. 387; Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. 415. Metocanna GRACILIS, Kurz, Munro in Trans, Linn, бос. xxvi. 199. BAMBUSA, Wall, Cat. 5032. Malaya: collected at Batang, Malacca, by Mr. Vaughan Stevens (No. 3947 of Botanic Garden, Singapore); at Singapore by Wallich. Also in Java and Sumatra. The Singapore specimens bear the name Bulu rappen, Kurz says it is Bulu akar. I have followed Kurz in identifying his Melocanna gracilis with Chloothamnus chilianthus, Визе, although Biise’s description does not agree in all particulars. (See also note in Benth. and Hook. fil Genera Plantarum, p. 1214.) Prate No. 101.— Schizostachyum chilianthum, Kurz. 1, leaf and flower specimen; 2, young shoots showing culm-sheaths—of natural size ; 3, leaf-sheath ; 4 & 5, spikelet ; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, stamen ; 9, Jodieule; 10, ovary with beak and stigmas ; 11, caryopsis; 12, do. section; 13, seed—all enlarged. (No. 4 from Kurz drawing, No. 11 from Kurz Java specimens, Nos. 12 & 13 from Kurz? Plate 2 in Ind. Forester. i. 219; rest from Stevens’ specimens.) 3. SenuizosrACHYUM Вілмеі, Nees von Евепб. in Agrost, Bras. 535, An arborescent bamboo. Culms up to 30 ft. high, hollow, fragile, glabrous. Culm- sheaths cylindric, slightly attenuate to the truncate mouth with appressed white bristles, striate, mouth hispid, ciliate; imperfect blade leafy, erect; ligule narrow. Leaves 9 ‘to 10 in. long, 12 to 18 in. broad, those of sterile branches up to 16 in. long and 2:5 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; rounded or narrowed at the base into a °3 to '4 in, petiole; acuminate above in а subulate twisted point; rough on both surfaces, pubescent below scabrous on the edges; main vein narrow, secondary veins 5 to 6, intermediate 5 to 7; Jleaf-sheaths smooth, striate, keeled, mouth truncate and margins furnished with long, white, deciduous bristles; ligule short-fimbriate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle bearing clustered spikes with long spreading, erect or deflexed spikelets supported by chaffy bracts; rachis very thin, slender. Spikelets *6 to “7 in. long, very narrow, cylindrical, with 1 fertile flower ; empty glumes 2, oblong, long mucronate, striate, glabrous, separated from each other and from the flower by ciliate rachille ; flowering glume similar, but much longer; paleew 1 or 2, inner membranous, not keeled, convolute. odicuies none. Stamens exserted ; anthers green, elongate, blunt. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous, surmounted by a long beak, the style with 8 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not seen. Schultes Syst. Veg. vii. ii. 1355; Kunth Enum. 435; Rupr. Bamb. 43 i. xvi, хуй. fig. 4; Steud. Syn. 332; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, iii. 4294; Munro in Trans. Linn. Кос. xxvi. 196; Kurz in Ind. Forester i, 350. MELOCANNA TENUISPICULATA, Kurz in Bot. Gard. Buit. and Calc. i · ‚ INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. ' 117 Malaya: collected by H. N. Ridley at Selitar, Singapore, in 1889. Also in Java up to 3,000 ft. (Kurz). Kurz says that this is common in Java along rivulets in the hills, and that it is called Bamboo ітғайт. The specimens available are all so young that I have had to take part of the dissections from Ruprecht’s excellent drawings of the spikelets. Тһе Singapore specimens have narrower leaves than those from Java, but they may be from upper branchlets. Prate No. 102.—Schizostachyum Biumet, Nees von Esenb. l, leaf- and flower. branch; 2, part of young culm with culm-sheath—o/ natural size; 8, pair of spikelets ; 4 and 5, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8. ovary and beak; 9, stamens. (No. 8 from Ruprecht's drawing; the rest from Kurz specimen.) 4. SCHIZOSTACHYUM LATIFOLIUM, m. sp. Gamble. Culms and culm-sheaths not known. Leaves 9 %о 12 in. long, 1:5 to 9% in. broad, oblong, acuminate, rounded at the base into a 3 in. long, broad, wrinkled petiole; ending above in а subulate, scabrous point; smooth on both surfaces and somewhat pale beneath, scabrous on the edges; main vein prominent below, secondary veins inconspicuous, 10 to 12 pairs, intermediate 5 to 6; leaf-sheaths striate, keeled, smooth, ending in a broad callus and large falcate auricle bearing long bristles; ligule short, long-ciliate. Inflorescence a terminal spicate panicle, 6 to 12 in. long, bearing clus- ters of spikelets mixed with ovate-lanceolate glabrous bracts; fertile spikelets in pairs or clusters, shortly pedicelled. Spikelets 1 to 14 in. long, long-acuminate, bearing 1 fertile flower and 1 terminal very small imperfect one; empty glumes 2, oblong, long mucronate, striate, separated by a short rachilla; flowering glume much larger, ovate- lanceolate, long-mucronate, convolute, often ciliate on the edges above; palea lanceolate, bi-mucronate, faintly keeled or channelled on the back, much convolute. Lodicules З to 4, the 8 ordinary ones lanceolate, 3—5-nerved, “42 to *3 in. 1 ong, very faintly ciliate, the fourth apparently a modified stamen, 4 in. long. Stamens exserted ; anthers long, narrow, blunt at the top, the connective produced into a penicillate point. Ovary glabrous, narrowly-lanceolate, surmounted by a long glabrous beak enclosing the style which bears 3 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis not known. Malaya: collected by H. N. Ridley in 1891 at Kota Glanggi, Pahang (No. 5602). I also identify with this his No. 5598 collected at Tanjong Autan, Pahang, and his No. 5600 collected at Sungei Hudang, Malacca, in 1891, but the flowering glumes are rather more ciliate, and I only find one lodicule. This species is near S. longispiculatum, Kurz Ind. Forester i. 351, but differs in the presence of lodicules and in the penicillate instead of glabrous, bifid, anther points. Ртлте No. 103.—Schizostachyum latifolium, Gamble. 1, leaf- and flower-branch—of natural size; 2, empty glume; 3, flowering glume; 4, spikelet with flowering glume removed; 5, palea ; 6, lodicules; 7, anther; 8, ovary and beak with stigmas—a// enlarged | (from Ridley's No. 5602). | | 5. SCHIZOSTACHYUM ACICULARE, Л. sp. Gamble. A small Лвов: Culms and culm-sheaths mot known. Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, 15 to 9 in, broad, ovate-oblong, almost elliptic, cuspidate, rounded or attenuate at Ше 118 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. base into a 4 in, thickened pubescent petiole; ending in a blunt, scabrous, hairy point; smooth above except the scabrous points on marginal veins, smooth and slightly pale below ; main vein hardly prominent, pale, secondary veins 10 pairs, in- conspicuous, intermediate 5 ; leaf-sheaths smooth, ending in a round callus below the enlarged petiole and furnished at the mouth with а few long bristles; ligule short. Inflorescence a terminal spieate panicle bearing clusters of very long narrow spikelets ; rachis 1 to 2 in., slender, flattened on one side; bracts few, short. Spikelets 1:9 to 1:5 in. long, very narrow, needle-like, on short bracteate peduncles, with 1 fertile flower and a terminal free rachilla and rudimentary flower; empty glumes 2, pubescent, oblong- mucronate, then а grooved, glabrous, short ласа ; flowering glume linear, much convolute, thick, covered with appressed hairs, long-mucronate; palea also much con- volute, glabrous, mucronate, as long as flowering glume. JLodicule one only seen, narrow- lanceolate, glabrous, Stamens exserted; anthers very long, narrow, blunt and penicillate- apiculate. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, surmounted by а long glabrous beak enclosing the style which bears З short plumose stiymas, Curyopsis not seen. Malaya: collected by Singapore Garden Collector, Mr. Alwis, at Rupayoong, Malacca, in 1885 (No. 2167). I have seen only one sheet of this interesting species distinguished by the long needle-like hairy spikelets and short elliptic leaves. Тһе specimen belongs to the Singapore Botanic Garden and bears the name Bulu padi. Prate No. 104.—Schizostachyum aciculare, Gamble. 1, flower- and leaf-branch—of natural size; 2, pair of spikelets; 3, spikelet without empty glumes; 4, palea; 9, lodicule; 6, anther; 7, ovary and beak and stigmas (from specimen No. 2167). 14. Melocanna, Trin. Arborescent bamboos of moderate size, unarmed. Culms erect, singly from the ramifications of an underground stem, distant. Culm-sheaths often persistent, brittle, short, with short auricles, imperfect blade very long. Leaves broad, petioled, smooth, no transverse veinlets, Inflorescence a large compound panicle of spicate, one-sided spikelets. Spikelets 2 to 3, fasciculate in bracts in the axils of the spikes, acuminate, with one fertile and one or more sterile flowers. Empty glumes indefinite, acuminate, mucronate, striate. Flowering glumes similar to empty glumes. Рафа also similar, convolute, not keeled. Lodicules 2, narrow. Stamens 5 to 7, filaments free or irregularly joined. Ovary glabrous, style elongate, stigmas 2 to 4, shortly hairy. Caryopsis very large, pear-shaped, long beaked; pericarp very thick. Distrib.—One well-known species and another of imperfect identification. Of the four others described by Munro, one is a Bambusa, one a Cephalostachyum, and two belong to Schizostachyum, - 1. MkLocaNNA BAMBUSOIDES, Trin. in Sprengel Neue. Ета. п. 43 (1821). | An evergreen, arboreous bamboo, with single distant culms arising from the rami- fications of an underground rhizome. Culms tal, green when young, straw-coloured when old, very straight, clothed with sheaths which persist for long, unbranched till near the top, 50 to 70 ft. high, 15 to 3 in. in diameter; nodes marked by a INDIAN BAMBUSE.E ; GAMBLE. 119 thin ring only; internodes smooth, 12 to 20 in. long; walls thin, *2 to 3 in. Culm- sheaths yellowish-green when young, yellow when old, brittle, striate, covered with whitish appressed hairs, 5 to 6 in. long; 6 in. to 1 ft. broad at base, straight for about two-thirds of the way up, then once or twice waved, then cut off straight ог concavely below the imperfect blade, the edges produced upwards into rounded, often long-fringed auricles; imperfect blade very long, often 1 ft., 1 inch broad at base, recurved, subulate, acuminate, the base decurrent in a narrow strip along the top of the sheath; Jule very narrow, serrate. eaves from branchlets fascicled at the upper nodes of the culm, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with a long scabrous, penicillate, hairy, twisted point; the base rounded and decurrent into a ‘2 to 5 in. petiole; 6 to 14 in. long, 1 to 15 and even 3 іп, broad, glabrous above, glaucescent beneath, and hairy when young, both edges finely ciliate, but one edgo scabrous, not only on the edge, but on the 2 or 3 adjoining nerves; main vein prominent, secondary veins 8 to 12, intermediate 5 to 6, inconspicuous, no regular transverse veinlets, but regular, rather distant, pellucid glands with bars between veinlets; leaf- sheaths glabrous, smooth, ending in a pointed auricle with 10 to 12 or more conspicuous, whitish, stiff, deciduous bristles, 4 to “б in. long, margins ciliate; ligule very short. Inflorescence & large compound panicle of one-sided, drooping, spicate branches bearing clusters of 3 to 4 spikelets in the axils of short, blunt, glabrous bracts. Spikelets about “5 in. long, glabrous, spinous; empty glumes 2 to 4, sometimes with abortive | buds, striate, lanceolate, shortly mucronate; flowering glume similar, but thinner; palea glabrous, convolute, mucronate, acuminate, not keeled. Lodicules 2, narrow, linear-oblong, obtuse and erose-fimbriate at the tip, 3- to 5-nerved. Stamens free at the base or irregularly joined, filaments flat; anthers yellow, notched at the apex. Ovary ovoid, narrowed upwards into an elongated style which is divided into 2 to 4 hairy, recurved stigmas. Caryopsis very large, often 3 to 5 in. long and 2 to 3 in, broad, obliquely ovoid, fleshy, the beak curved; pericarp thick, fleshy. Spreng. Syst. ii. 113 (1895) (ezeluding syn. Arundo maxima, Lour.); Rupr. Ватб, 65; Steud. Syn. 331; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 423; Munro in Trans. Linn. бос. xxvi, 182; Kurz For. Fl. Burma ii. 569. BAMBUSA BACCIFERA, Roxb, Hort. Deng. 25 (1814); богот. РІ. ii. 38, & 213 (1819); Fi. ind. ii. 197. BrrsHa RHEEDH, Kunth Not. sur genre Bambusa in Journ. de Phys. (1822); Rev. Gram. 1; 141; Enum. 434 (ех. syn) BEEsHA BACCIFERA, Sch. Syst. Veg. 1336. NasrUS ВАССІРЕВА, Rasp. in Ann. Se. Nat. L v. 449, Throughout Eastern Bengal and Burma from the Garo and Khasia Hills to Chittagong and Аттасап, and again in Tenasserim. | In parts ofthe above region, and certainly in Chittagong, this is the most common species, and the one most universally employed íor building purposes, Owing to its habit of sending out long underground rhizomes which give out culms at inter- vals, it spreads very rapidly and is extremely difficult to get rid of for cultivation. Ruprecht gives it as growing en “dry sandy slopes on the hills of Coromandel,' but so far it has not yet been collected on the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal. This interesting and handsome species is one of the most valuable and important of the Indian bamboos. From the Chittagong forests large numbers are yearly export- ed to Lower Bengal and, according to forest returns, about 16 millions are thus yearly required for building purposes іп the Gangetic Delta. Although thin-walled, it is strong and durable, and it has the great advantage of being straight and having only very slight knots. It is recorded to have flowered and sceded in 1863 to 1866 120 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. (Munro Monog., p. 3) and as it was again in flower, at any rate in Assam, in 1892, it may be taken that its period is about 30 years. Roxburgh obtained flowering and fruiting specimens from his friend Richard Pierard, but the year is not mentioned (Roxb, Cor. Pl. їп. 38; Fl, Ind, ii. 197). Kurz records its having flowered in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, but gives no date; that flowering may have been in 1863 % 1866. Pierard, quoted by Roxburgh, says that it yields a large amount of tabasheer. It is locally known by the names Múli, metunga (Bengali); Тағай (Assamese); Wati (Cachari); Artem (Mikir); Turiah (Naga); Watrai (Garo); Kayoungwa (Magh) and is probably the Burmese Kayinwa. It is probably also the Pata (Bengali), Aworja (Chukma) of the list given at p. 130 of Major Lewin’s ‘Hill Tracts of Chittagong,’ Calcutta, 1869. Major Lewin says Ше culm is of the best description, that: white- ants do not touch it, that it flowered about four years ago (1865?) and that it is used for house walls, thatching and fancy basket-work. Roxburgh gives the Chittagong name as Pagu-tulla. The fruits occasionally germinate on the culm, sometimes making 6 in. growth before they drop (Kurz in Jnd. Forester i. 268); some sent to Dehra Dun in 1892 germinated in the post and the plants are now growing well (1894). | Tas. No. 105.—Melocanna bambusoides, Trim. 1, leaf-branch with flowers showing stigmas; 2, part of flower-panicle—of natural size; 3, culm-sheath—reduced ; 4, spikelet; 5, spikelet, opened to show lodicules, stamens and stigmas; 6, lodicule; 7, stamen—enlarged ; 8 & 9, caryopsis—reduced. (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, from Kurz drawings in Calcutta Royal Botanic Garden Herbarium, the rest from Kurz’ specimens.) 2. МЕГОСАХКА HUMILIS, Kurz Рог. Fl, Burma ii. 569. An evergreen, tufted bamboo. Cuims 8 to 15 feet high, about 1 in. in diameter, very hollow; nodes hardly thickened; internodes about 1 ft. long. Culm-sheaths glabrous (2), cylindric, very short, rounded and inflated at the sinuate, much-produced mouth; imperfect blade linear, subulate-acuminate, erect, decurrent into a. narrow, nude, green strip bordering the sinuses; ligule very narrow, entire. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, on а petiole which is about 2 in. long; 4 to 6.in. long by 7 to 1 in broad, very rough on one margin, glaucescent and minutely roughish pubescent beneath; secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs, very faint; leaf-sheaths glabrous, deciduously long-fringed at the minutely auricled mouth. Rest unknown (after Kurz). Upper mixed forests of Аттасап; Pazwoondoung valley near the village Wanet in Pegu. Very little is known of this species; but, from the specimens of leaves and sheaths collected by Kurz, it would seem to be a Melocanna. It is characterized by its small size, by the leaves being roughish-pubescent beneath, and by the imperfect blade of the culm-sheath being erect. It ought not to be difficult to rediscover, Kurz gives the Burmese name *Z'abendeinwa! оп his specimens, but this is usually identified as Bambusa villoesula. It is not clear how far this is connected with Меосаппа humilis, Roepert in Trinius Clav. Agr. 105; Ruprecht Bamb. 64; Munro in Trans, Linn. Soc. хху. 135, identified with Rumphius’ Arundarbor Cratium and described as being 15 to 18 feet high with narrow lanceolate leaves, woolly beneath and bearing a wrinkled INDIAN BAMBUSE-E; GAMBLE, 121 caryopsis filled with dry white pith, and found in the Moluccas from Amboina to Java. Kurz himself says of this plant (Jndian Forester, vol. i. p. 336)—“ no one will “be able to identify it, unless he studies the Moluccan species on the classical ground." Prate No. 106.—Melocanna humilis, Kurz. 1, leaf-branch; 2, culm sheath (from Kurz specimens). | Species ef Melocanna now referred to other genera. JM. gracilis, Kurz = Schizostachyum chilianthum, Kurz. М. Киггй, Munro = Lambusa schizostachyoides, Kurz. М. longispiculata, Kurz = NSchizostachyum Рите, Nees. 15. Ochlandra, Thwaites. Shrubby, gregarious, reed-like bamboos. Culms small, thin-walled, erect, with rather long internodes. Culm-sheaths thin, persistent on Ше culm, auricles small. eaves like those of Bambusa, veins many, margins cartilaginous; leaf-sheaths striate, fringed; ligule short (in one species very long). Jnflorescence a terminal spike or spicate panicle on a leafy branchlet, spikelets in verticels, partly fertile, partly sterile. Spikelets 1-flowered, often very large. Empty glumes 2 to 5, variable, usually mucronate. Flowering glume similar to last empty glume, also mucronate, alea membranous, not keeled. Lodicules from 1 up to several, conspicuous. variable, usually appressed to the filaments. Stamens many, from 6 up to 120; filaments free or monadelphous, exserted ; anthers long, narrow, usually mucronate. Ovary narrow, style elongated, stigmas 4 to 6, plumose, before opening either close together or twisted. Caryopsis large or very large, ovoid, long- beaked, supported by the persistent glumes; pericarp very thick, fleshy. BEESHA, Munro én Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 144. Distrib.—The seven species herein described belong: six to South India and ume and one to the Malay Peninsula. No others are kowi, a so far. TM Analysis of ike species. Stamens many. Ligules short. Filaments free. Spikelets glabrous or merely pubescent. о ње и о 1. О. Rheedii. Do. broad ues она ce quer 2. O. stridula Sci elets hirsute 42.02. 8, 0. Beddomei Filaments Бао spikelets "iy hug „тате 4. О, travancorica. Ligulsloeng . . . · с. + б, О. Brandieii. Stamens usualy 6. . рее № 6. О. Ridleyi. < + я 7. O. setigera. Ligules ghort, flowers Боа, Бати 1 Оснгахова RHEEDH, Bth. and Hook. fil. Gen. Рі. ` А gregarious, shrubby bamboo. Culms erect, up to 16 ft. long, smooth; nodes somewhat raised; internodes about 17 in. long, l in. in diameter, bearing persistent Axx. Вот. Bor. Garp. CALCUTTA, Vor. VII. 129 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIO GARDEN, CALCUTTA, sheaths which occupy š of the length of the internode, walls 2 in. thick. Culm-sheaths 4 to 6 in. long, purplish-green, hairy when young, smooth striate when old, ciliate on the edges, rounded and truncate at the top and bearing 2 small faicate, long-ciliate auricles ; imperfect blade subulate, acuminate, hairy within at the base; Пуше short, ciliate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 10 in. long, 4 to 12 in. broad, the smaller ones most frequent; rounded at the base into а very short petiole; long-setaceous, scabrous- pointed above; smooth on both surfaces, except near the margins above where furnished with scabrous points, scabrous on one edge; main vein narrow, secondary veins 5 to 10 pairs, intermediate 6 to 7; Jleaf-sheaths smooth, furnished at the top with two faleate auricles fringed with stiff deciduous bristles; Пуше very short. Inflorescence а short terminal or axillary spike or spicate panicle on leafy branchlets; fertile spikelets few, sub-solitary; sterile in heads, smaller; rachis smooth. Spikelets cylindric, sterile *5 to ‘7 in. long; fertile 1 to 1:2 in. long, both acute glabrous; empty glumes 2 to З, many-veined, broadly ovate, acute, mucronate; flowering glume larger, sub-acute; palea convolute, not keeled, long-mucronate, membranaceous at the base. Lodicules many, about :3 to “5 in, long, oblanceolate or spathulate acute, glabrous, 1—7-nerved, persistent. Stamens many (15 to 18 or more), exserted; filament free, slender; anthers mucronate. Ovary oblong, surmounted by an enlarged perigynium containing the style which is cleft at the apex into 3 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, large, beak long. Веквнл, Van Rheede Hort. Mal. v. 119, tab. 60, (1685); Веквна Кнккри, Kunth Enum. 1. 434 (1822) (excluding syn. except Rheede); Ruprecht Bamb. 65 (1839); Munro in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi. 144; Beddome Flora Sylv. cexxiv. МЕТОСАХХА RHEEDII, Steudel Syn. 332, BAMBUSA SORIPTORIA, Schleus., fide Dillwyn in Index Hort. Malab. West Coast of India in Malabar, Cochin and Travancore. Collected by White, Johnstone (1836), Е. W. Bourdillon, ete. Said by the latter to be ‘found only on river * banks in the wetter districts of Travancore,” This species, although it is two centuries since it was first described and excellently figured by Van Rheede, is very little known indeed, and I have not been able to secure fertile spikelets for examination, so that the plate only shews sterile ones. Van Rheede says that the culms were used in his time for making arrows, baskets and writing pens, and the leaves as а specific for toothache. Bourdillon says it is used for mat-making, and that it flowers annually, not dying down after flowering. | VAR, sivagiriana. Spikelets rather larger, stamens many (up to 50 to 60), leaves much larger generally. Sivagiri Hills, 4,000 to 4,500 ft., also Pulney Hills, 1873 (Beddome). (It is possible that this should have been described as a species.) Pratt No. 107.—Ochlandra Rheedit, Bth. and Hook. fil. 1, leaf- and flower-branch bearing sterile spikelets; 2, culm and culm-sheath (young)—of natural size ; 3, spikelet ; 4 & 5, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume; 7, palea; 8, lodicule; 9, fruit-bearing spikelet; 10 caryopsis—enlarged. (No. 9 is from Van Rheede’s figure; No. 2 is from Bourdillon's specimens; the rest after Johnstone's specimens.) Prarg No. 108.—Vaz. sivagiriana, 1, leaf- and fruit-branch; 2, part of flowering branch—of natural size; 3, spikelet; 4, 5, 6, empty glumes; 7, flowering glume; 8, INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 123 palea; 9, lodieules; 10, anther; ll, ovary; 19, caryopsis—en/arged (All from Beddome's specimens). 2. OcHLANDRA sTRIDULA, Thwaites Enum. Plant. Zeyl. 370.: А close-growing gregarious shrub. Culms erect, 6 to 18 ft. high, about 5 to 7 in. in diameter, light green; nodes slightly marked by а ring, geniculate; internodes 12 to 14 in. long, with persistent sheaths, scabrous. Culm-«heaths cylindrie, glabrous, purple when young, rounded at top and furnished on either side with small falcate auricles set with stiff white bristles; imperfect blade subulate, recurved, in small new shoots very long ; ligule short. Leaves broad, oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 in. long by 15 to 25 im. broad; rounded at the base into а short broad petiole; ending above in a long, setaceous, scabrous point; smooth above, except near the margins, somewhat rough beneath; scabrous on one edge, edges somewhat cartilaginous and reflexed; main vein thin, secondary veins 10 to 12 pair, intermediate about 7, transverse veinlets none, but many pellucid glands having the appearance of oblique transverse veinlets on the under surface; leaf-sheaths striate, smooth when old, hirsute when young, ciliate at the edges, ending in a narrow callus and produced beyond the insertion of the petiole into round faleate auricles tipped with long, stiff, deciduous bristles; ligule narrow, glabrous. Inflorescence а laxly spicate terminal panicle, usually a leaf-bearing branchlet, the spikelets verticillate, few fertile, many sterile; rachis long, in joints, rough, glaucous above the joints. Spikelets 1 in. long, 2 in. broad, cylindro-conical, with few scattered stiff hairs, one fertile flower; empty glumes 9 to 3, 2 to "5 im. long by as much broad, convolute, mucronate, ciliate on the edges; Jlowering glume similar but larger; palea membranaceous, truncate, not keeled, '8 in. long, many- veined p with transverse veinlets. Lodicules 6 to 12 or more, lanceolate, various in breadth and with 1, 3, 5 or more veins (even 13 occur), convolute, appressed to the filaments, afterwards persistent around the fruit. S/amens very many, often 80; filaments free, flat, wavy in the upper half; anthers finally exserted, “д in. long, bifid at the apex and mucronate. Ovary narrow, smooth, the beak of the perigynium produced into a trigonous point enclosing the style, which is surmounted by 4 to 5 short plumose stigmas, at first twisted. Caryopsis ovoid, about 1 in. long, surmounted by: а long 1 in. beak, smooth or wrinkled, supported by the persistent glumes, palea and lodicules. BEESHA srRIDULA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi 145; Beddome Flora 3 lv. idt Е very common іп the low country in the south of the island. ; This species is said by Dr. H. Trimen to flower annually and regularly, Thwaites says it is very abundant in Suffragam district, that: the leaves | nm excellent thatch, and that it is called Вайа gass. lt is the C.P. No. 241. Trimen 8 specimens are from Deyandera; and in the Journal of Botany, 1885, he gives the name as Rana batali, and says that the species “covers hundreds of square miles of country in “the south and west of Ceylon.” А | Piare No. 109.—Ochlandra stridula, Thwaites. 1, leaf- and flower-branch; 2, léaf-branch with sterile spikelets—of natural size ; 3, base of leaf and leaf-sheath—enlarged; 4, young shoot with culm sheaths—of natural size; 5, apex of culm-sheath (under-surface) ; 6, spikelet; 7, spikelet and stamens; 8 & 9, empty glumes; 10, уа т Ж, l palea; 12, lodicule; 13, ovary; style and stigma with stamens and appressed lodicules; Any. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carcurra, Vor. VII. 194 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 14, stamen; 15, оуату—етатјеа (Nos. 4 and 5 from. а drawing by W. D. Alwis kindly lent by Dr. H. Trimen; the rest from Thwaites’ and Beddome’s specimens.) Var. maculata. А gregarious slender bamboo. Culms densely tufted from much- branched, scaly rhizomes; greyish-green, elegantly mottled with irregular rings, bands and blotches of dark purplish claret colour; rest like the type. TEINOSTACHYUM ? MACULATUM, TZrimen in Journal of Botany, 1885, 213. Trimen says of this, ‘‘ Forming jungle in several places in the districts of Amba- “ gamuwa, Ruanwelle, and regions to the south-west of Adam's Peak." First collected by Mr. С. J. Ferguson on Galbodde Теа Estate, owing to attention having been drawn to articles ornamented with the mottled stems and exhibited in Colombo in 1883. The specimens I have seen, as well as Trimen’s description and drawings, convince me that his suggestion to me, that his Te/nosíachyum maculatum is only a variety of Ochlandra stridula, is probably correct. Trimen says that specimens planted in the Royal Garden at Peradeniya “have nearly lost the mottling of their stems, and they will not flower." З. Оснгахрва DEDDOMEI, n. sp. Gamble. Culms and culm-sheaths not known. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 8 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; rounded unequally at the base into a ‘2 in. long petiole; long-acuminate above with а twisted, scabrous, setaceous point; smooth above, except on the veins towards the edge, where scabrous; margins cartilaginous, revolute, one scabrous, smooth, and somewhat glaucous below; main vein narrow, secondary veins about 8 pairs, inter- mediate 6 to 7, transverse veinlets none; /eaf-sheaths striate, minutely pubescent, ciliate on the edges, ending in a narrow callus, the mouth bearing a few erect stiff pale bristles near the petiole and much decurrent bristly-ciliate auricles at the sides; ligule very narrow. Inflorescence a short, terminal, spicate panicle at the apex of a leafy branchlet, the spikelets few together in short-bracteate verticils; rachis short, faintly pubescent. Spikelets 1 to 155 in. long, cylindric, conical, covered with scattered, stiff, bulbous-based, spreading, brown hairs, 2- to 3- bracteate at base; empty glumes 2, ovate, many-nerved, long-mucronáte, hirsute, outer 7° in. long, inner longer; flowering glume 1°3 in. long, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, many-nerved; palea acute or blunt, very membranaceous, shorter than flowering glume, 1 in. long. Lodicules 5, all narrowly elongate, all different, one or two bipartite at the apex, '6 to ‘7 in. long and ‘05 to ‘1 in. broad, 3- to 7-nerved, glabrous or very faintly ciliate at the edges. Stamens many, about 32, exserted, filaments free; anthers narrow, straight, “5 to "6 in. long, bifid at apex and mucronate. Ovary glabrous, sub-orbicular, the beak of the perigynium produced in an angular style-sheath enclosing the style which is terminated by 5 to 6 plumose whitish stigmas, which before spreading out are close together in a narrow pencil. Caryopsis not seen. Wynaad in South India, Very little is known of this pretty species collected by Colonel В, H. Beddome in Wynuad. It is distinguished from 0. travancorica by the free filaments and bifid apex of the anthers, and by the peculiar decurrent bristly auricle of the hairy leaf- sheath. INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ ; GAMBLE. 125 Ртлте No. 110.— ОсМапага Beddomei, Gamble. 1, 2, 3, 4, leaf- and flower-branches— of natural size; б, top of leaf-sheath; 6, spikelet; 7, empty glume; 8, flowering glume; 9, palea; 10, lodicules; 11, stamen; 12, ovary and style; 18, stigmas—endurged. (АП from Beddome's specimens.) 4. OCHLANDRA TRAVANCORICA, Bth. in Bth. and Hook fil. Gen. Plant. iii, 1915. ~ An erect, shrubby or arborescent, reed-like, gregarious bamboo. Culms 6 to 20 ft. high, grey-green, rough, 1 to 2 in. in diameter; nodes somewhat swollen and marked with the base of the fallen sheaths; internodes 15 to 2 ft., and longer (sometimes even 5 ft, fide Bourdillon), walls very thin, “1 in. Culm-sheaths 6 to 8 №. long, thin, longitudinally wrinkled and striate, when young covered with many appressed golden or black bulbous-based hairs, glabrous when old, truncately rounded above and furnished with a fringe of erect, ‘3 in. long, stiff bristles; ciliate on the margins; imperfect blade narrow, subulate 15 to 3 in. long; ligule narrow, entire. Leaves broadly oblong- lanceolate, 6 to 18 in. long by 2 to 45 in. broad; rounded often unequally at the base into a thick, broad, somewhat concave, *3 to “4 in. petiole; apex long setaceous acuminate, often scabrous, twisted; both sides glabrous or slightly rough, edges scabrous, especially on, one side, margin cartilaginous; main vein thick below, afterwards narrow, secondary veins 12 to 17 pairs, intermediate 6 to 8, no regular transverse veinlets, but frequent oblique pellucid glands which show as transverse veinlets on the under surface; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, keeled, ciliate on the edges, ending in a smooth, shining callus, and short fa'eate auricles, the mouth furnished with several, often 1 in. long, stiff bristles; ligule short, truncate. Inflorescence а sub-verticilate, spicate panicle with a few large fertile spikelets and a, few much smaller sterile ones, in the axils of ovate-lanceolate, smooth bracts which bear subulate, deciduous imperfect blades, Spikelets ovate or oblong-ovate, 2 to 2:5 in. long, 5 in. broad, glabrous, striate, supported by 2 to 4 small sheathing bracts; empty glumes usually 3, lowest smallest, 12 in. long, thick, concave, ovate, truncate at top and tipped with a subulate apex; the next similar but thinner and longer; the third again similar but 2 in. long and long acuminate, not truncate; all three many-veined and faintly transversely veined; flowering glume similar to the last empty glume; palea rather shorter and narrower, thinner in texture, acute, not mucronate, faintly 2-keeled. Lodicules 3, lanceolate, unequal, one 2-cleft, very membranaceous, "5 to “б in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, 3- to 7-nerved. Stamens very many, (up to 120), monadelphous, at first included, afterwards long exserted; filaments slender; anthers about `1 іп. long, narrow, long-hairy-apiculate. Ovary narrow, smooth, surmounted by a tri- or quadrangular perigynium enclosing the style which at the top is surmounted by 5 to 6 plumose stigmas, which are spirally twisted together. Caryopsis very large, 2 in. long, ‘d to “б in. broad, brown, oval-oblong, wrinkled and surmounted by a conical, stiff, 2 in. long beak; pericarp fleshy, enclosing the oval-eiongate seed, the whole surrounded by the persistent giumes and palea. BEESHA TRAVANCORICA, Leddome Flora Sylv. cexxxiv tab. ccexxiv. Í Mountains of Southern India in Tinnevelly and Travancore at 3,000 to 5,000 tt. elevation ; planted in Madras and at Peradeniya in Ceylon. пи This is a magnificent and most interesting species, of which Из discoverer, Colonel В. H. Beddome, late Conservator of Forests in Madras, says: “it covers many miles 126 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. *of the mountains often to Ше entire exclusion of all other vegetation; in open * mountain tracts it generally grows to 6 to 8 ft. in height, but most close and *impenetrable, elephants even not attempting to get through it; inside sholas and on “their outskirts it grows to 15 ft. high, and is much more straggling. It is called Zr “by the natives and by Europeans the elephant grass.” Мг. Е. W. Bourdillon, Conservator of Forests in the Travancore State, who has kindly sent specimens of the leaves, culms, culm-sheaths and fruit, says also of it, “Ше Ее а or irá] reed is common up to 4,000 “ft. and also in the low country. The culms attain a height of 20 ft. in favourable * circumstances, with a circumference of 7 inches. The internodes are sometimes 5 ft. “long. It flowers almost every 7 years and dies down. 18 .makes a splendid paper, and we “have a paper mill which uses it almost exclusively. Тһе fibre has been pronounced “superior to 'Esparto) Our only difficulty in connection with it is the great cost of * the chemicals required,” Brandis, writing of it under the name Jrakulli, says “it covers immense areas on “the top of the ghats above Courtallum at 2,500 ft" Не speaks of it again as climb- ing. Beddome expresses a doubt whether, considering the monadelphous stamens and the twisted stigmas, it should not form a new genus Jrulia. As iegards the stigmas, O. зи а has them also twisted, and as regards the monadelphous stamens the authors of the Genera Plantarum have not considered a new genus necessary, and note, what I find perfectly true, that the tube is ‘facillime jissus? It is a very remarkable bamboo in respect of its long culm-internodes, and large flowers and fruit. Of stamens I have counted up to 120 in one spikelet ! Var. hirsuta. The spikelets thickly clothed with light brown velvety pubescence ; leaves thicker, their edges more cartilaginous; leaf- sheaths with appressed hairs with bulbous bases. Collected in 1869 by Beddome in the Travancore Hills. Prate No. 111.—QOchlandra travancorica, Bth. and Hook. fil. 1, leaf- and flower- branch; 2, culm-sheath—of natural size; 3, spikelet with bracts; 4, spikelets showing exserted stamens; 5, 6 & 7, empty glumes; 8, palea; 9, lodicules; 10, stamen; 11, ovary with style and stigma; 12 & 13, stigmas twisted and unrolled; 14, fruit—a more or less enlarged. (No. 2 from my own specimens ; Nos. 12, 13, 14, from Beddome’s figures; the rest from the sheet of Beddome’s type in the Madras Sd Herbarium.) Prarg No 112.—Var. hirsuta. 1, leaf- and flower-branch ; 2, flower-branch—of natur al size (from Beddome's specimens in the Madras Museum Herbarium). 5. Оснілхркл Ввахотви, a. sp. Gamble. Culm апа culm-sheaths not known. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, thick; 10 to 20 in. long, 15 to 3 in. broad; attenuated at the base into а short ‘2 to 3 in. broad petiole, which is wriukled beneath; ending at the apex in a long, twisted subulate point; glabrous on both surfaces, whitish beneath, margins cartilaginous, smooth; mai vein thick, prominent, secondary veins 10 to 13 pairs, thick, intermediate 5 to 7, no regular transverse veinlets, but pellucid glands which give the appearance of transverse veinlets on the lower surface; /e«f-sheaths striate, ending in a smooth, rounded callus and produced at the mouth into short auricles fringed with a few stiff deciduous bristles; : INDIAN ВАМВГЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 127 ligule very long, 1 in, or more, membranaceous, acute. Inflorescence а vcrticillate, terminal spike with thick rachis, spikelets several in vertieils in the axils of ovate, glabrous biaets. Spikeiets glabrous, 1 to 15 in. long, °З to *4 iu. broad, conical, striate, supported at the base by 3 to 4 small chaffy scales; empty glumes up to 4, the two outer thicker, ovate truncate, with a subulate point; the other thinner, ovate acute, mucronate; all many-veined and glabrous; flowering glume thin, membranaceous, *8 in. long, similar to last empty glume, many-veined and transversely veined; palea similar again but smaller. Lodicule 1, large, “5 to "6 in, long, `1 to :2 in. broad, many-nerved, truncate and retuse at the tip. ¿mens many, up to 60; filaments short at first, afterwards elongated ; anthers narrow, long-apiculate. Ovary glabrous, perigynium thickened, and enclosing style which is surmounted by 5 plumose зйутаз, Curyopsis not known. BAMBUSA ХҮтвнтп, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi, 111. Tinnevelly Ghats in South India at Courtallum, up to 3,000 feet. Collected by Wight in 1832 (No. 1009) and by Brandis in flower іп 1882. І have no hesitation in considering Munro's Bambusa Wight of which the Calcutta Herbarium has a specimen with Munro's identification, to be this, and not, as Beddome supposed, Тетозасйуит Уши. Тһе very long membranaceous ligules are mentioned with great stress by Munro, nnd are most characteristic. I am not quite sure about the lodieules, the material at my disposal being insufficient; but I believe I am right in thinking that there is only one, and that very large. The bamboos of Courtallum require further investigation very badly, and I feel sure that that place, probably one of the most interesting of the special botanical collecting grounds of India, if thoroughly studied, will give some important information regarding South Indian bamboos, especi- ally of the genera OcAlandra and Ozytenanthera. Prate Хо, 118.— О Манга Brandisii, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower-spike — ој natural size; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume (palea similar but smaller); 7, lodicule; 8, andro-gynecium; 9, anther; 10, style and stigmas before opening; 1l, stigmas opened out— enlarged. (All from Brandis’ specimens, ) 6. Оснгахрва RIDLEYI, m, sp. Gamble, Apparently a small species. Culm and culm-sheath not known. Leaves 9 to 10 in. long by 1 to 15 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate ; rounded at the base into a broad, 2 in. long petiole; cuspidate acuminate at the tip, which is terminated by a subulate, setaceous, scabrous point; smooth above, except the scabrous points on the marginal veins, pale and slightly scabrous beneath, edges not, or only slightly, scabrous ; main vein narrow, inconspicuous, secondary vems 10 to 12 pairs, inter- mediate 4 to 5; leaf-shealhs short, smooth, striate, ending in a narrow callus and bearing at the margins rounded or faleate, long-ciliate auricles ; ligule short. In- florescence a short (3 to 4 in.) terminal spike or spicate panicle on leafy branchlets, the flowers in somewhat distichous, bracteate heads, upper rachis very short ; douche ovate, truncate, fimbriate, with an ovate-acuminate imperfect blade. : Spikelets several sterile, few fertile, about 1 in. long, bearing 1 to 2 empty glumes, then 1 to 2 fertile flowers and a short terminal rachilla ; empty glumes ovate, truncate, long-mucronate, striate, covered with appressed hairs above ; flowering glume similar but longer ; раке two, not keeled : outer narrow, convolute, bi-mucronate, hairy near the tip; inner shorter, rounded 198 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA, INDIAN BAMBUSEZ; GAMBLE. at top, glabrous, somewhat membranous. Lodicules 6 to 10, 2 to 3 in. long, usually lanceolate or spathulate, bluntly acute, many-nerved, ciliate above, sometimes forked. Stamens free or monadelphous, usually 6, sometimes one or two wanting, 3 longer blunt, 3 shorter acute at the produced connective. Ovary linear, narrow, surmounted by a long style and shortly plumose stigma, the whole enclosed in an enlarged perigynium which is 2- to 4-cleft at the tip. Caryopsis not known. Malay Peninsula; collected by H. N. Ridley (No. 4620) and J. Feilding in 1892 at Bukit Mandai, Singapore. The few stamens and the jose chiefly рови this species which is Ше first that apparently has been found in the Eastern Peninsula. The Malay пате is Bulu kasap. D Prats No. 114.—Ochlandra Ridleyi, Gamble. 1, leaf- and flower-branch—of matura size; 2, fertile spikelet with 2 to 3 sterile at base; 3, fertile spikelet (flowering glume removed); 4, flowering glume ; 5, outer palea, 6, inner palea; 7, flower with paleze змя showing style, with stamens and lodicules; 8, lodicules of various shapes; 9, stamens; 10, perigynium and stigma ; 11, free terminal rachilla ; 12, leat- sheath—enlarged (from Ridley’s specimens). . Species of which flowers are unknowm. 7. OcHLANDRA SETIGERA, n. 8p. Gamble. A small, tufted, erect or straggling, reed-like bamboo. Culms about 20 ft. high, 5 to ‘7 in. thick, very smooth, without branches below, much branched above; nodes hardly «swollen ; internodes 10 to 12 in. long, whitish below the nodes, walls 1 to 2 hk thick, Culm-sheaths persistent, 6 t5 7 in. long, very thin, papery, atriate ; both longitudinally and transversely wrinkled near the top; sparsely covered with stiff appressed bristles, gradually attenuate to a very narrow (1 in. broad) apex; imperfect blade *T to 1 in. long, subulate, hair-like, edges ‘incurved, hairy within; ligule very narrow, erose. Leaves obloug-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 9 in. long, 78 to 12 in. broad; roundel at the base into a ‘1 to :2 in. long petiole ; the tip somewhat broadened, scabrous hairy, followed by a twisted, scabrous, hair-like point; smooth above, minutely hairy beneath, scabrous on one edge; main vein narrow, secondary veins 6 to 7 pairs, intermediate 6 to 7, pellucid glands many; leaf- sheaths smooth, ending in short decurrent auricles fringed with long, stiff, curved bristles, one side shorter than the other; ligule very narrow. Inflorescence, &c., unknown. Western slopes of the Nilgiri Hills, in ravines above Gudalur at about 3,000 ft. This species somewhat resembles О, Rheedii, also Arundinaria Prainii and Мапт, in „habit ‘and appearance. The needle-hairlike imperfect blades to the papery sheaths are characteristic, I have only once met with it, but Dr. H. Trimen has sent sheaths extremely like those of this species and a picture from the Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya, as those of 0. ¢ravancorica, which they certainly do not belong to. This may prove to belong to a new genus when the flowers are found, but I put it here at present beeause it has every appearance of ie an Ochlandra. ше, Prate No. 115.—Ochlandra setigera, Gamble, 1, leaf-branch ; 2, culm and culm- sheath; 3, imperfect blade of — inside ; 4, Vaf abeat ary (All from my own specimens.) E J ‚ H.—Reg No. 9868.7--350--16.10.94, ; APPENDIX CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR ADDITIONAL SPECIES. ARUNDINARIA PANTLINGI, п. зр. Gambie. An erect shrub. Culms tall, smooth, at least “б in. in diameter, slightly hairy below the nodes which bear a softly hairy ring formed by the base of the fallen sheath, internodes at least 7 to 8 in. long, cavity large. Culm-sheaths rather thick and tough about 10 in. long, smooth, striate, long-ciliate on the edges, gradually tapering upwards roundedly to a convex top about “б in. broad; imperfect blade erect, subulate, 3 to 4 in. long, “2 to "З in. broad, glabrous on both sides, decurrent on the apex of the sheath into rounded softly hairy auricles furnished with a few (6 to 10) long curved bristles ; ligule about '1 in. broad, prominent, faintly ciliate, dentate, pubescent on the back. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, 5 to 7 in. long, 6 to "8 in. broad, narrowed at the base into a 2 to 3 in. long petiole; tip ending in а long twisted scabrous point; smooth above, rather rough beneath, very scabrous on one margin; main vein pale, shining, narrow, secondary veins 4 to 5 pairs, intermediate 7 to 9; transverse veinlets very many, raised, straight ог slightly oblique, about 60 to 70 to the inch; /eaf-sheaths striate, glabrous, long.ciliate on the edges, ending in а very hairy ring furnished on either side with a few long twisted bristles; Jiguie rather long glabrous, pubescent on the back. Inflorescence of short 4 to 6 in. long panicles, terminal and axillary on leafless branches, supported by glabrous sheathing bracts like small culm-sheaths, the spikelets on long wavy capillary glabrous pedicels, glandular at the nodes and somewhat verticillately arranged. Spikelets 2 in. or more long, curved, very narrow, with 2 empty glumes and 6 to 10 flowers, the uppermost 2 to 4 usually empty; rachillae about 3 in. long, clavate, white-pubescent, ending in a tuft of white hairs below the flowers; empty glumes 2, lower "2 in., upper 4 in. long, 3- to 5-nerved, ovate-acuminate, mucronate, slightly ciliate ; flowering glumes similar to upper empty glume but slightly longer, long mucronate, nerves 7, prominent, midrib scabrous; paiea as long or rather longer than flowering glume, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, 1 nerved between them and 1-пегуей on either side, bifid at the apex and bi-mucronate. Lodicules 3, obovate or ovate acute, faintly nerved and ciliate. Stamens 3, filaments short ; anthers slightly exsert, linear, acute. Ovary glabrous, brown gradually produced into à short often curved style, early divided into three long-plumose stigmas. Caryopsis oblong, dark-brown, grooved, surmounted by the persistent base of the style. Hills of British Bhutan, on Весы Lá, at 11,000 feet. This interesting species was discovered by Mr. R. Pantling's collectors in September 1895. The collectors had been sent to look for specimens of a bamboo which, in an Ann. Кох. Бот. Garp. Сале. Vor. УП. ж 130 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. abstract of a paper read at the Oxford meeting of the British Association, 1804, pub- lished in the Scottish Geographical Magazine, Vol. X, p. 635, by Lieutenant-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, had been mentioned as possessing thorns at the nodes of the culms. Such a bamboo was found; its spines were short on the upper part of the culms, and on the lower part were replaced by long, regular, aérial roots. It proved to be Arundinaria Grifithiana, Munro. With these two were also found flowering specimens of Arundinaria aristata, Gamble. A. Pantlingi is a very interesting species, whose exact position it is difficult to locate. Тһе specimens received are all apparently from leafless culms and bear no trace of spines; otherwise it would come next to A. б” па, from which it markedly differs in having different culm-sheaths, larger leaves, longer spikelets, and no hairs to the tips of the anthers. In the capillary pedicels with glandular bases it resembles A. Wightiana and A. floribunda, while in the structure of the flowers it comes near to A. racemosa. But on the whole its nearest relation seems to be А. вт Мапа, and if, as is surmised to be the real case, it bears flowers on leafy branches and spinous nodes, it will come next to it in the analysis, differing in the characters mentioned. РгАтЕ No. 118.— Arundinaria Pantlingi, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, flowering branch— of natural size; З, culm-sheath—reduced; 4, spikelet; 5, 6, empty ‘glumes; 7, flowering glume; 8, palea; 9, lodicules; 10, stamen; 11, ovary and stigmas (young); 12, ditto, old ; 13, сагуорвів ; 14, leaf-sheath—en/argced (all from Mr. Pantling's specimens). ARUNDINARIA ARMATA, n. sp. Gamble. An evergreen shrubby bamboo with single stems arising at intervals from a creeping rhizome. Culms green, straight, smooth, very thin-walled, 1 to 18 in. in diameter and about 20 ft. high; nodes little raised, bearing in a ring below them a belt of straight smooth spines; internodes about 8 in. long. Culm-sheaths thin, papery, striate, 6 to 8 in. long, 9:5 to З in. broad at base, tapering convexly upwards to а very narrow '1 to ‘2 in. top, smooth above or with a few scattered stiff hairs on the upper half, ciliate on the edges; imperfect blade exceedingly small, about "1 in. long, triangular, pubescent; ligule very narrow, ciliate. Leaves bright green, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 6 to 9 in. long by "8 to 12 in. broad, narrowed at the base into a ‘1 to ‘2 in. long petiole; tip subulate, twisted, scabrous; smooth above, slightly rough beneath, scabrous on the mar- gins; main vein narrow, pale, shining, pubescent above, secondary veins 6 pairs, inter- mediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets numerous, raised, irregularly spaced ; leaf-sheuths striate» ending in small calluses and bearing few (about 10 to 12) straight stiff bristles; ligule very short, ciliate. Inflorescence, &c., unknown. Hills of Upper Burma, at 5,500 feet, Bernardmyo. I am indebted for specimens of this species to Mr. J. W. Oliver, Conservator of Forests, who found it in February 1894. It comes near to Arundinaria callosa, Munro, but is quite distinct from that species. It is called Машић by the Shans. Prare No. 119.—Arundinaria armata, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch ; 2, culm-sheath—of natural size; 8, part of node of culm; 4, leaf-sheath—enlarged (all from J. W. Oliver's specimens). | BAMBUSA OLIVERIANA, n. sp. Gamble. A moderate-sized iufted bamboo. Culms glossy-green, sometimes covered when young with whitish scurf, 40 to 45 ft. long, 1 to 2 in. in diameter; internodes INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 131 about 14 in. long, branches many from the base upwards. Culn-sheaths thin, pale, 8 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, striate, attenuated upwards into a rounded top 2 to 3 in. broad; glabrous on both sides, or only slightly hirsute on the back when young; iperfect blade triangular-lanceolate, cordate at the base, 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, both sides covered with scattered stiff brown hairs; produced at the base into short long-fringed auricles, that on one side rounded about *1 to "3 in. long, that on the other decurrent, often 1 in. long; ligule about "1 in. broad, serrate. Leaves small, linear, thin, 4 to 7 in. long, *4 to “б in. broad; attenuated or rounded or sometimes abruptly rounded at the base into a 71 to "15 in. long petiole, ending above in a long twisted needle-like point, glabrous on both surfaces, minutely scabrous on the edges; main vein pale, secondary veins 4 to 5 pairs, faint, intermediate 7; Jeaf-sheaths glabrous, striate, ending in an emarginate callus and slightly produced at the edges to meet the rather long ligule. Inflorescence a much-branched panicle of drooping one-sided spikes with rather distant bracteate clusters of few (1 to 3) spikelets; bracts glabrous, striate, truncate; spikelets flattened, “д to “6 in. long, straw-coloured or greenish, glabrous; empty glumes 1 to 2, ovate-lanceolate, veined; then 3 to 4 distichous fertile flowers separated by conspicuous rachille; terminal flower imperfect on a long flattened glabrous гаса, ‚ flowering glume ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 9-nerved; palea rather shorter, 2-keeled, acute, glabrous, except for a minute tuft of hairs at the apex, 3-nerved between, 3-nerved on either side of the keels. Lodicules 3, rounded, obtuse, long-fimbriate, many-nerved. Stamens long—exsert, anthers striped red and yellow at first, afterwards dull purple, obtuse. Ovary ovate, elongate, hairy; séy/e short, soon dividing into 2 plumose stigmas. Caryopsis ovate, °З in. long, furrowed on one side, slightly hairy at top. Upper Burma; found by J. W. Oliver about 30 miles north of Mandalay at from 1,000 to 2,000 ft., 1893-94; also sent by Mr. C, S. Rogers from the Ruby Mines Hills. This must be a very pretty graceful species. J. W. Oliver writes :—* һе bamboo “18 called locally Wapyusan. It is found in fairly moist deciduous forest. It grows in “ patches, generally occupying dry ravines. Тһе flowering appears to be general, and « the ground and undergrowth near the flowering patches were covered with a dense “ layer of pollen dust." The striped anthers are very characteristic even in dry speci- mens. It belongs to section П, between Nos. 12 and 13—“ Fertile flowers 3 to 4. « Anthers obtuse, keel of palea not ciliate.” Large quantities of the seed have been collect- ed and distributed, so the species is likely soon to be well known. The absence of cili» to the keels of the palea and the small leaves ally it to В. polymorpha, but the one-sided spikes and the quite different culm-sheaths distinguish it at once. Рілте No. 116.—Bambusa Oliveriana, Gamble. 1, leaf-branch; 2, part of flower panicle ; 3, culm-sheath—of natural size ; 4, spikelet with bract ; 5, spikelet ; 6, flowering glume ; 7, palea; 8, lodicule; 9, anther ; 10 ovary, with style and stigmas ; 11, caryop- sis; 12, germinating seed—enlarged. (All from J. W. Oliver's specimens.) DENDROCALAMUS LATIFLORUS, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 152, Tab. vi. A very large bamboo. Culms tall, 5 in. in diameter, cavity large; internodes short, striate, glabrous. Culm-sheaths similar to those of D. giganteus, 10 to 12 in. long by about the same in breadth, dark brown when dry and old, thinly covered with black appressed stiff hairs; ligule :2 in. long, dentate. eaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, 182 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. rounded at the base into a short petiole, long acuminate, glabrous but rather rough above, minutely pubescent near the base beneath; rough on the margins, 7 to 10 іп: long by 12 to 3 in. broad; main vein prominent; secondary veins 6 to 9 pairs, rather conspicuous, intérmediate 8 to 9; transverse veinlets frequent, not conspicuous; leaf-sheaths striate, glabrous or hairy between the lines with longish hairs ending in an emarginate callus and produced somewhat at the sides beyond the ligule, ciliate on the margins: ligule obtuse, truncate, rarely fimbriate. Inflorescence a large compound reddish-purple panicle, bearing spikelets in clusters of 3 to 6, or 1 only on uppermost parts, on spicate branchlets, uppermost spikelets followed by leaf-like bracts 1 to 15 in, long; rachis softly hairy, 4 to ‘7 in. long, flattened on one side and white-ringed above: Spikelets ovate-oblong, "6 to '8 in. long, :3 to “4 in. broad, flattened conspicuously, pubescent? empty glumes 2, short, broad, acute, "2 та. long, ciliate on the edges, many-veined; then 6 to 8 flowers, of which the lowest and uppermost are sometimes sterile; flowering glume broadly ovate at the base, about half way up narrowed to a rather blunt point, 4 in. long, dark-coloured and ciliate on the edges, pubescent on the back, many-veined and transversely veined; palea a little shorter than the flowering glume, narrow, 2-keeled, ciliate on the keels, acute and often bifid at the tip, 3-уетед on the back. Stamens long exserted, anthers pale, ending in a hairy muero. Ovary ovate from а broad Базе, pubescent, surm ounted by a long hairy style ending in 1 to 2 short purple stigmas. Caryopsis not known. BAMBUSA vERTICILLATa, Benth. in Fl. Hongk. 434, fide Munro. Southern Shan States, Upper Burma, collected by Dr. G. King’s collectors at Laikaw in 1894. Also by J. W. Oliver in a garden at Maymyo Fort near Mandalay in 1895. Also in China and Formosa. Neither in Munro’s monograph nor in the Hongkong Flora are the indications of the size of this species at all satisfactory. To judge by the inflorescence and the analogy of its neighbours D. giganteus and D. calosíachyus, and from J, W. Oliver's notes, it has every probability of being a very large kind, though not nearly so large as D. giganteus, Bentham says it is planted by the Chinese in China and probably also in Hongkong. At Maymyo it is called Wa-ni, Burm. (the red bamboo) from its conspi- cuously reddish flowers. He thiuks that the Maymyo plants were introduced from China as the Fort was built by the Chinese. It should come in the Analysis after No. 9— * Spikelets reddish, long, ovate-oblong, flattened.” | PrarE No. 117.—Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Munro. 1, part of leaf branch; 2, 3, parts of inflorescence; 4, spikelet; 5, 6, one flower with and without flowering glume, showing palea, stamens and ovary—of natural size; 7, empty glume; 8, flowering glume; 9, ovary with style and Vm met ged. (All but 7 and 8 from Fitch’s Plate in Munro’s Monograph.) On page 110, Cephalostachyum virgatum, Kurz, line 1, for “а, sub-arboreous bamboo; culms, culm-sheaths and leaves unknown” substitute the following :— “А medium-sized slender tufted bamboo. Culms dark-green, erect, covered with whitish scurfy down when young, up to 4 in. in diameter; nodes not thickened; inter- nodes 18 to 24 in. long, regular, walls thin. Culm-sheaths much shorter than the inter- nodes, 6 to 8 in. long, 7 to 10 in. broad at base, pale, covered with stiff appressed golden hairs, eurvedly attenuate upwards to a horizontal or slightly depressed top 4 to 9 in. broad; imperfect blade 4 to 5 in. long, usually recurved, cordate at base, where 1 to 15 in. broad, euspidately narrowed to a sharp point, margins incurved, glabrous INDIAN ВАМВОЗЕЖ; GAMBLE. 133 above, covered beneath with dense appressed stiff hairs, decurrent along the top of the sheath in a narrow, straight band, bordered with stiff curved bristles; ligule narrowed, fimbriate. eaves rather variable, thin, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; 6 to 12 in. long by 12 to 18 in. broad, rounded at the base into a thick 2 in. long hairy petiole, which is swollen into a large callus below; above cuspidately acuminate with a scabrous point scabrous on the margins and rough on both sides, pale beneath and slightly pilose especially on the midrib; main vein conspicuous, pale, broad, hairy below, secondary veins 10 pairs, intermediate 5 to 7, transverse veinlets very few; leaf-sheaths smooth, striate, keeled, ending in a narrow ciliate callus and bearing short auricles furnished with a few white stiff bristles; ligule very short, fimbriate." Page 111, line 10. Add: “Found recently (March 1895) by Mr. J. W. Oliver in evergreen forest near the Indawgyi lake, Bhamo district, Burma, where its native name is Waba, Burm. Also, by the same, in February 1895, in leaf only, near Mohnyin under the Kachin name Lakra.” Page 111, line 18, at end. Add: “11, leaf-branch—naíural size; 12, culm-sheath —reduced about 4; 13, top of leaf-sheath—enlarged (from Mr. J. W. Oliver’s specimens).” hae: Roy. Bor. Garp. Carc. Vor. VII. * INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC. NAMES. Arundarbor Cratium, Бащи. ARUNDINARIA d ышы Was debilis, Thwaites . š — densifolia, Munro . — P elegans, Kurz š А floribunda, Thwaites —— Gallatlyi, Gamble — Gammieana, Gamble —— glaucescens, P. de Beauv. Griffithiana, Munro š Hindsii, Munro . ы ---------- hirsuta, Munro . ç hispida, Stendul . . Hookeriana, Munro intermedia, Munro * interrupta, Trin japonica, Sieb. and Zuce. janusarensis, Gamble . khasiana, Munro kurilensis, Rupr. . Kurzii, Gamble macrosperma, Michaux . Mannii, Gamble . mint. phylla , Munro А шімдеШ Hochst. Pantlingi, Gamble ——— —— polystachya, Kurz ——— — —— Prainii, Gamble — —— n tessellata, Munro . š ----------- utilis, Cleghorn, ———-——— Walkeriana, Munro . —— R Wightiana, Nees Arundo Dambos, Linn. ç Bambos arundinacea, Retz. . stricta, Roxb. Вамвсва . Е. . š — — ә піз, Munro ` amañussana, Ldl. . angulata, Munro . AxN. Кот. Bor, GARD. Carc, Vor. + Faleoneri, Bth. and Hook. fil. > BAMBUSA arnhemica, топ Muell. Arundo, Hb. Klein - atra, Та. . . —— —— attenuata, Thwaites aurieulata, Kurz . —— —— baccifera, Roxb. Balcooa, Roxb. Beecheyana, Munro ------- bifolia, Sieb. ——— — Binghami, Gamble —— —— Bitung, Hassk. Blumeana, Schultes f. Brandisii, Munro —— —— brava, Ldl. . ë ------ breviflora, Munro . burmanica, Gamble cesta, Sieb. and Zuce. . calostachya, Kurz capensis, Rupr. — capitata, Griff. — —— capitata, Wall. — corunta, Munro —— —— critica, Kurz ------ elegantissima, Hassk. Falconeri, Munro. ------ flagellifera, Griff. . ——— flexuosa, Munro . ------- floribunda, Munro. ————— gigantea, Wall. . —— glauca, Loddig. glaucescens, Sieb. . gracilis, Wall. —— — Grifithiana, Munro -------- Helferi, Munro ----- humilis, Reich. Khasiana, Munro . ——— — Kingiana, Gamble. ——— — lineata Munro longispatha, Kurz — — — macala, Buch.-Ham. ------- тасто=, Wall . marginata, Munro ——— Мачетви, Munro таз та, Buch.-Ham. MeCledlandi, Munro . — -—— monogyna, Griff. — nana, Roxb. Neesiana, Ати. . nigrociliata, Büse — nutans, Wall. — Bitung, Кота, and Sehultes 3 2 Влмвгва О ат, Munro . š А Oliveriana, Gamble " orientalis, Nees а pallida, Munro š patellaris, Kurz . 2 * -- picta, Ldl. . # => ------ polymorpha, Каш ————— grava, 14]. ------ pseudarundinacea, Steudel pubescens, Lodd. ------ pungens, Blanco . . А regia, Thomson —— — reticulata, Rupr. . Е — ———— Ridleyi, Gamble Ritcheyi, Munro : —— — Rumphjana, Kurz š А ——— scandens, Blume . š Sehizostachyoides, Kuve Я ------ scriptoria, Schleus. . . ------- siamensis, Kurz 5 ~ Sieberi, Griseb. . З ; spinosa, Bl. piscis, Найк ре. : sterilis, Kurz striata, Loddiges . stricta, Roxb. ------ Surinamensis, Rupr. . à ------- Тапса, Buch.-Ham. — teres, Buch.-Ham. Thouarsii, Kunth Tulda, Roxb. Š è д ——— — tuldoides, Munro š — — Vasaria, Herb. Ham. . verticillata, Већ. . " Е . Usa verticillata, Rottler — verticillata, Willd. 5 5 -------- villosula, Kurz . $ 5 viridi-glaucescens, Carr. š -------- vulgaris, Schr. $ ; 4 Wightii, Munro . — Wray, Stapf — . . Bumbusoides, Wall. . * с Beesha baccifera, Sch. Жа” —— n elegantissima, Kurz —— — Rheedii, Kunth ------ stridula, Munro. travancorica, Beddome CEPHALOSTACHYUM . — сар Misi à flavescens, Kurz . Fuchsianus, Gamble Grifithii, Kurz . latifolium, Munro . ———— —- ——— pallidum, Munro . pergracile, Munro . schizostachyoide, Kurz virgatum, Kurz р Chloothamnus chilianthus, Визе 5 Chusquea amplopaniculata, Steudel INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES, А . 29 . . 130 . 52 . 37 . 87 . e * 36 . 47 62 . . 79 . . 52 . . 00 с» з А . 34 . 74 . . 47 . 112 . . 48 . . 122 . 60 . ++ . 7-і . 52 . 41 . . 192 . ‚ ФУ . 62 " . 56 . . 41 . 43 . 100, 127 . . 49 . . 20 . 119 . . 115 . 119, 122 А ‚ 123 . 125 . . 103 104 . 109 . . 107 . ‚ 98 106 š 105 . 108 . 48 . 110, 132 š 116 7179 DENDROCALAMUS А А я Вайсооа, Voigt . Brandisii, Kurz У calostachyus, Kurz Collettianus, Gamble criticus, Kurz . flagellifer, Munro giganteus, Munro Griffithianus, Kurz longifimbriatus, Gamble longispathus, Kurz membranaceus, Munro monadelphus, Thwaites Parishii, Munro patellaris, Gamble sericeus, Munro à ———- —— —— Sikkimensis, Gamble strictus, Nees Tulda, Voigt DiwocHroa . — -- —— pene ees -------- Maelellandii, Kurz . M'Ulellandi, Gamble -------- Tjankorreh, Büse — GIGANTOCHLOA albociliata, Kurz andamanica, Kurz š —— auriculata, Kurz > —————— latispiculata, Gamble . ligulata, Gamble macrostachya, Kurz maxima, Kurz . j igrociliata, Kur: Scortechinii, Qanta verticillata, Munro Wrayi, Gamble . . Isehurochloa floribunda, Визе š x — > spinosa, Визе . Š Leleba lineata, Rumph. . à Rumphiana, Kurz . Ludolfia glaucescens, Willd. MELOCALAMUS MELOCANNA . Шоқы. Trin. ; gracilis, Kurz —— —— humilis, Kurz . ——— -— humilis, Repert $ Hamiltonii, Nees апа Arn. әкімшісі Bth. жай Hook: £ INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES, MzLocANNA Киги, Munro у қ У : . 48 lutescens, Kurz 110 — Rheedii, Steudel . . 123 tenuispieulata, Kurz 116 gata, Munro 111 -Microcalamus Prainii, Gamble 21 Nastus baccifera, Rasp. " 119 Thouarsii, Spr. Tur aes 4 —— Tjangkorreh, Schultes . А қ — 212 OcHLaNDRA . асва лә. o i — NE PIN Gamble š . 124 — —— .— Brandisii, Gamble . қ . 100, 126 ——.—— — Кһеейі, Benth. and Hook. E abge d AR -------- Ridleyi Gamble . oA oo j — setigera, Gamble . М А А . 128 — —.——— stridula, Thwaites . Я . 128 ————— . — travancorica, Bth. and Hook. E 125 OXYTENANTHERA e 68 abyssinica, Жен 68 ------------- alboeiliata, Munro 7) Bourdilloni, ligatis. 76 monostigma, Beddome 74 nigrociliata, Munro . 69 parvifolia, Brandi 72 — sinuata, Gamble 71 — Stocksii, Munro 75 —— Thwaitesii, Munro 72 Panicum arborescens, Lam. 41 5 arborescens, Linn. 41 ------ glaucescens, Lam. AL PHYLLOsTACHYS . қ Š ; i ; қ 26 ----- bambusoides, Sieb. and Zuce. 27 annii, e 28 megastachya, Steudel 27 26 nigra, Рвксровтаснүсм compactiflorum, kurz Не ет, Kurz —— -———— polymorphum, Munro ScHIZOSTACHYUM A М ý А aciculare, Gamble . brachycladum, Kurz chilianthum, Kurz dumetorum, Munro Durie, Rupr. . elegantissimum, Kurz glaucifolium, Munro Hasskarlianum, Kurz hindostanicum, Kurz Irratun, Steudel latifolium, Gamble Zollingeri, Kurz, TEINOSTACHYUM attenuatum, Muuro . —— F Helferi, Gamble maculatum, Trimen . Wightii, Bed3ome Thamnocalamus Falconeri, Hook. fil. spathiflorus, Munro . Тнувзозтаснув . Oliveri, OR iamensis, Gamble Triglossum arundinaceum, Fisch. arundinaceum, Róm. and Sch. longispiculatum, Kurz . INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES. Babain (Lepcha) . Bajail (Beng.) . Bajal (Ass.) . . Bakhal (Cachar) Balkubans(Beng) . . . Baluka (Ass.) š 2 Bamboo audong (Malay dyawa (Malay) gombong (Malay) . ———— hower tjeenah (Malay) Irratun (Malay) lengka (Malay) . —— Y tjeenah aloos (Malay) Bans (Beng.) . е 8 К у — (N. India) . — (W. India) Bansini (Beng. . . eo te Bans kaban (N. India). . . Baradahbarat (And.) . с " Baridla (Chitt.) . . . i Basini (Beng) . . in Batta-gass (Ceylon) . у Вата (Burm.) . Р Behorbans(Beng) . . . Behti (Ass.) . e Vs pawa cai Beneng (Khasia) . . Benti bans (Ass... . Beru (Garo) boy o ee Betee bans (Ass.) ç ә Вей (Ав) . . š bul Веща (Ass). оса АЩ" Bewar (Mikir) . . ‚ Bhaluki-makal (Ass) . Е Bhébham (Bhutia) é { Bidhuli(Ass.) . . в... Bolangi bans (Uriya) . Bongshing (Bhutia) Boro bans (W. Diars) . я Buloh versumpitan (Malay). . Bulo pan (Malay). ие Виа akar (Malay) > š — kasap (Malay) . š в — mata kusa (Malay . >» — miniak (Malay) . е >» —— padi (Malay) BI IW vw —— perindu (Malay) . . —— plang (Malay) . . . —— rappen (Malay) . . . . 65, 113, 116 я 1 . . 60 Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp, Carc. Vor, VII. Bulu rayah (Malay) —— telor (Malay) — tilan (Malay) $ —— ilan miniak (Malay) Bulak butung (Malay) Bündhi (W. India) Burwal (Сасһат) Butang perith (Malay) . Campong (Malay) Chaltur (Kuki) Chawa (W. India) Chiwa (W. India) $ Chiwan (W. India) . Chiwarree (W. India) . Choomaree (W. India). Chye (N.-W. Him.) Daradl(Reng) . Denga (Khasia) . Deo (Ass.) š Deo-bans (Ass) . . ПиПооа (Ass) . . Dolu (Beng.) š $ Durie (Malay) . . Eetta (S. India) . . Filing (Nep.) Ропау (Мит) . . Footoong (Mikir). . Ghora (Ass.) . Gobia (Nep.) Goda (Bombay) . Gope (Nep.) Gyawa (Burm.) Hower gullies (Malay). hedyoo (Malay) konneng (Malay) . . 103 88, 102, 107 41 . 44 44 Hower sehah (Malay) ——— ijutjuk (Malay) Huda (W. India). Пу(Ма.) . Trakalli (S. India) Irúl (S. India) Jáma-betáa (Beng.) Jao (Ass.) Jati(Ass. . Jilli (Naga) . Jipvó (Naga) 2 Jotia-makal (Ass.) Jowa (Ass.) . Jowa (Beng.) А Kalak (Decean) Kalia (Beng.) Kalki (Poona) Kania wán (W. Bd. Kanta bans (Uriya) Karal(Beng) . Kashti (Bombay) . Kátáüsi (Вепр.) . Kati (Gondi) Kattang (C. India) Katu-una-gass (Ceylon) Kanka (Tel.). Kawa ulé (Kachin) Kayinwa (Burm.) . Kayoungwa ( Magh) Кеша (Beng.) Kevva(Naga) . Khang (Beng.) Khara (Bombay) . Кћпар (Khasia) . Kiranti (W. Dáars) Kotoha (Ass) . Kulluk (Bombay) . Kya Katwa (Burm.) Kya thaungwa (Burm.) Kyaungwa (Burm.) Kyellowa (Burm.) Laka (Kachin) . Lakra (Kachin) . Latang (Naga) Leleba dyahat ed ----- ietam (Mala; INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES, Leleba, pootee ( Malay) . Р ; у A Ч , soorat (Malay) š ; , } š "EE "| , tootool (Malay) 4 А 47 Lombnang (Khasia) . 4 3 г à я . 25 Lota (СЫН). я : я š я | š . 95 Loto (Mikir) А š А 4 š я А 4.28 M Mace (W. India) . à ‘ š š А 4 + 76 Madang (Singpho) à à a” ^a я ‘ . 109 Madankran (Kachin) . 6 i RP Madaywa (Chitt.) $ š š & 1.0 ч . 64 Madi (Chitt.) А à š ЖО " . 64 Magar bans (Punjab) . ‘ š , N я . 64 Mahl-bans (Lepcba) . ; « ‘ я 3 . 33 Mahlo(Nep) . т” е | Mai-pang-pük (Shan) . . я У и 4 . 28 Maipyu (Kachin) к У " e Pas „38 Maitong (Kachin) ; x ° « А $ 59 Maitut (Shan) . ° à М у М i . 130 Makal (Ass.) . А Е я 4 А у . 38 Maling (Nep) . я s я а 3 . 10 МаЦоо (Lepcha) . А у 3 à : : 2-59 Manga (W. India) š E : я у . 35 Manwil (Bombay) š ‘ š 4 қ . 54,79 Matela (W. Düars) ç ; ; . ЗІ Més (Poona) А | š š s š р . 79 Metunga (Beng.) . : vs А қ ir 220 Mheem (Bhutia) . 5 А > ^ ; А “10 Miknu (Lepcha) . ay : rat : . 10 Mirtenga (Sylhet) i Е "RES C 4 А "e Mies (бын). по 2 А. Mritenga (Chitt.). š я дори i » ‚. 33 Mukial(Ass) . ` ; š "A . Зн NE Múli (Beng.) š ; ur < I. x а AR Макав (Tel. . у с : de 4 . 64 Mundgay (Bombay) . Ие ТЕН _ сз. А Mungil (Tam) . р š е Ў : ане 2” - Myengwa ( Burm.) й i 4 ы à i. 14: >. .Myinwa(Burm) .. . . - 2) od MO N Nal (As) . . ; У Мг” t екең HIT Nub ON) dt ome oe кта Ls 31 МА] bans (Punjab) . . : à А ' . 54 ЗОНИ КНИНА оро S t ret 15, 25 - Ngachatwa (Burm. . ES А Е . 45 КЕНЕН Oo o E Lt or 13 Қайы) ааа - дее — 16 Oodha (W. India) А š Ја я ; 7779 аз (ЛЕН, c; ; DM АННА иж. і | um в) | Padhai (Bombay) I А ае er a „ 54 Pagjiok (Lepcha) а s Mui СНЕ | —— pao (Lepcha) өзені Paiá (Beng.) Paksálu (Lepcha) Pa-lan-piuan-wa (Burm.) Palóm (Lepcha) Pao (Lepcha) Pao-müng (Lepcha) Pao-shi-ding-ying Карен Paphok (Lepcha) Parmiok (Lepcha) Pashipo (Lepcha) ° Pat-hioo (Nep.) А Patu (Lepcha) Payong (Lepcha) Pecha (Beng.) Peechle (Sylhet) Peka (Hindi) Pheong (Lepcha) Phyeam (Lepcha) Роввіо (Lepcha) Pokó (Malay) Prong (Lepcha) Pshi (Lepcha) Pugriang (Lepcha) Pummoon (Lepcha) Purphiok (Lepeha) Pushee (Lepcha) Ragvet (Lepcha) Rana batali (Ceylon) Ringal (N.-W. Him.) . Rivett (Lepcha) ` Sadanapa Vedru (Tel.) . Salia bans (Uriya) Sampit (Naga) Seiat (Kbasi&) Sejsai (Khasia) Serim (Khasia) Seskien (Khasia) Sijong (Khasia) Sil barúa (Sylhet) Sillea (Khasia) ` Silloh (Khasia) . Singhani (Nep) Skhen (Khasia) Spar (Khasia) Sullea (Khasia) Sundrogai (Uriya) Tabindeinwa (Burm.) Talagu (Barm.) . Talagu-wa (Burm. J. А Tama (Nep.) Tandali (W. India) INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES, 3 Tarai (Ass.) Vt wt NU "айы P a ere Tekserah (Garo) 240% А ^ 4 ery | Teli baria (Sylhet) . uc š deve . 48 Ternap (Khasia) = қ А os % қ . 105 Tesero (Naga) "AC Y eto $e) жср Thaikwa (Burm.) 4 қ ; ° А 31, 36, 39 Thaikwabs(Burm) . : к ) . 101 102 Thaikwabo (Burm.) . Я я я ; : . 46 Thaikwagyi (Burm.) . қ š | k š O86 Thanawa (Burm.) $T o. Ww. ње wii P Theeshe (Burm.) М А 1 1 А Е. | Tili bans (Nep.) 24-2. а x ДАМИ 54 Tinwa (Burm.) TOIT Жек 109 Tirriah (Хара) e^ ето ov^ Зи Titi nigala (Nep.) тот EU. "ҮЙ В Tiyowa (Burm.) ЗЫНА an Tjankorreh (Java) қ аге Че MIS : efe Tneng (Khasia) 38 Tokré bans (Nep.) 101 Tolli (Ass.) ДИ да ве ось № Tomar (Khasia) . А ; : я А š . 40 Tootool (Malay) 44 Tseikdoo-mindoo бон: ) 4 a " + 28 Tulda(Beng) . 3 | қ 1 Р : є | Tumar (Khasia) ‘ à ; š А . 40 т ouo не . 40, 108 Turiah(Naga) . | : š š i ь . 120 aye Км) а л Ка Ман WO U Udhe (W, India) 76 U-kadai-namlang (Khasia) 26 Ukotang (Khasia) Е қ ^ қ і . 84 Una (Ceylon) ike be Al ech, а SER i . 44 Usken (Khasia) 38 Uskong (Khasia) 12 U-spar (Khasia) а : : 11, 13 Ussey (Khasia) : А à а ы” ар Wa U-stoh (Khasia) я š і š ; : - 28 Ж Vedru (Tel.) Fd 2 у В + . 54 w Waba(Burm) . . к EET (cw ANS Wabo(Burm) . . У i я . 88 91 Wabo-myet-sangyé „газа ). қ Е 3 . 85 Wabray (Karen) . . i digi UV Fw Wachall (Garo) . А š а ç Я Š . 97 Жама (СИВИ) Ре. Wadah (Garo) . . ^ Š pon Я . 83 Wadroo (Garo) . . о. š А ë o ME Wadür(Gondi) . + А у à š 4 . 54 Wan (Ав). .. $a ў à и . 81 Wagok (Burm.) . i " . i 1 А ЖЕ КАЛАЧЫ . . -- ОВИ SEINEN) з ее E ль и Walkthai (Ass.) m un Wa-malang (Kuki) Wamé (Karen) . Wami (Karen) Wamuah (Garo) Wamo (Burm.) Wamu (Burm.) Wamuna (Азз.) Wamyeng (Burm.) Wanah (Magh) Wanet (Burm.) . Wa-net (Burm.) Wa-ni(Burm.) . Wanoke (Сато) . Wanwae (Burm.) . Wanway (Вогш.). Wa-nwe (Burm.) . Wapyan (Burm) . INDEX ТО VERNACULAR NAMES, E. J. H.—Reg. No. 28687--350--7.-8-06. Wapyu (Burm.) Wapyugale (Burm.) Wapyugyi (Burm.) Wapyusan (Burm.) Washut (Garo) Wathabwot (Burm.) Wati (Cachar) Wati (Garo) Watoi (Хада) Watrai (Garo) Watte (S. India) . Wa-ya (Burm.) Wa-yai (Burm.) . Worra (Ass.) Yim-yot-pao (Lepcha) . . 82,88, 90, 91 . А . 82 73 88 86 7, PLATE 1. Vol. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Bambusez. Gamble 7, PLATE 2. Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. бае Жайнаш. д^ тал ДО Жер, Зе И Эс жй суй С i. ыт, У 32 KE САДИР сир њу а R NE, У У Ў құлы im Ec = Lith: by КР Dass. . ARUNDINARIA WIGHTIANA, Nees. awn by КР Dass. eM Ann. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 3. ble; Bambusez. п Cam m х < rel < y M “\ С IE > NN ON > - гъза Mi LE Su D QE обадите аве pl АЛЕ EA MM CE bli си кан коре irri ph t Lud жи ARUNDINARIA FLORIBUNDA, Ту. Drawn by С. C. Dass. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 4. с; Bambusee mb 7422 à b Molle Y” Mrz. e ^ Д e ERA — ARUNDINARIA ELEGAN Gamble; Bambuseæ. "7224 / 4 і / j / / Í | / i | ARUNDINARIA РОГУЗТАСНУА, Kurz. || от FRI о 47 Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 5 2 NNI — == ~ / Twana : de Y > қ Lith by A.D. Майа Gamble, Bambuaese. Ann. Коу. Bot.Gard. Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 6. ҮЙ ШТ UM | Ё th by В.К Boy Gamble, Нека или. | Ann. Коу Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7 PLATE 7 Lath by B K. Roy. ARUNDINARIA DENSIFOLIA, Munro. Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Caleutta, Vol 7 PLATE 8. Gam ble; Вадпђизе = Singha “/ th. by А С T 421 Коли за, ARUNDINARIA RACEMOSA, Munro. а о В Oo NOU PCR т P NL ECTS ES MER T I T P LC rp Tet ae ` ¿83 С? кт һы ИТЕ; o H Т м ud Р ы КЕРЕ H š Е 4 ҰР, 4 ` па звта е, Bambuses, i i Ann. Roy.Bot.Gerd. Caleutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 9. у in 4 М. 2% dus A ср il Зара Ce ARUNDINARIA GRIFFITHIANA, Munro Ann. Roy. Bot. Gerd. Calcutta, Vol.7 PLATE 10. +. Gamble, B LEGE A I сү т сенсе лети A oe Н — 9 IZ (Р f, Ж?) || Же => _ ИМ j Lith by S.C. Mondal. OSA,Munro. ARUNDINARIA CALL 11. Garden, Calcutta, Vol.7, PLATE Ann.Roy. Bot. Bambusese. Gamble. wdhary. Lith: by A. C. Cho ARUNDINARIA. FALCATA , Nees с da wn by М.14геев. ‘Gamble; Bambus еге. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 12. ` ` S , ЙА VA "à \ A | LEZ M se e ЖЖ 2 у ! UV г / Kj x” так. Хм. " / ы” / M a A А А К | / R а 7 1 7 / AN 2 қ % / 4 | y 7 ЖР, F А \ 4 | ! v г \ үү > Drawn by M. Idrees. ARUNDINARIA FALCATA, Nees VAR. glomerata. ` Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 13. Gamble, Banibusese. 2 Sy М 4 >> 7 || //, „И FH | 5% Lith: by P. N. Sinha x Drawn by M. Idrees. ARUNDINARIA KHASIANA, Munro. eC Aun. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 14. Gamble; Bam buseze. = N Em. us Seeman seed. ПЕТА, -- SS AE ` ^ ` — ba: Ñ = - — NM s бане Ne NA “ы — M à ^ +7 M AV ` еккен (pt uU NN N 5%, > 1 2 w. tes 93 NUN С = EN NY x " = à А - қ N V Б н e ~ 1 > h 1% “қ — Б у TS we a Ki МА, МУ ^ г N m 22 р. Р ә M Кж РА ~ MOS ` " нз” ы ae 5% N `` ` ~ ` № "S y == ме -— -— + 4 N ыы. << № 1 Lith: by E N. Зшћа. M —— : = 5 < < u х ds PLATE 1 ? Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7 hire а или Gamble; B та еге. 7/ ее eL it > E sasa Aet e PT Ха rm ama B r= === === x< ARUNDINARIA НООКЕВТАМА Munro. 1 Drawn by A.L. Singh. Anu. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 16 = [+ 4 ossi, < ~ = А. Гат 2 = < a NX ML = Camble; Bambuseze. M 13 DIEM MS Е 17. А, ЕЪАТ Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol Camble; Bambusez. h NS X Ска ХХ. N Lith by К.Р Dass. - amble е ~ “7 — ARUNDINARIA ARISTATA, ( 11546. VP ey VIAL Т ЖАСЫ Те L елата Ва , 7, РГАТЕ 18. Vol. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta Gamble, Bambus eec. - > = 287 6 pop ж Lath by A. D. Molla ONERI, В and Hook f. ARUNDINARIA FALC ATE 19 1 ы Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, P Gamble, Bambusea. + poe ea олсе beo е: ПЫЛИ ИРИНЕ ИРС Е m xp ЖЫ c тона: XE -. z^. = MI ~ Lith. by A.D ARUNDINARIA PRAINII, Gamble. ; Е 2 dd Айы 5 ATE 20. Ann. Roy. Bot. Carden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PI Gamble; Barn buseas. АТТАМ ARUNDINARIA HIRSUTA, Munro. — Ana. Ноу Bot. Garden, Calcutta, УЫ. 7 PLATE 21. = | | it x А ; | | a E. и s... ...... B np[gÀ н Lith by À. L Singh à Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 22. Gamble, Bambuseze, MT Савана x қ " им MEME penn ta = - —Ó SF: DO И net ros ue bli e a edi Lith; by КР Dass. ч s. 2 ш € z з в z a Е w = а в = аем з хе ч РРТС Sa ea oe aces ун ú ЕТА ас ПИ ва эё E ажа wawawa а ip un ват же USS 21-1-9108 шагы я о TIT e ne nen a tete ter mu ti Seer io uei И Ue ыны ue M ды ы ma РАСА in pute sehe mie EPIRI рна ль зони enne aq нан теа MIB Mur trn i Та” ТАЗ ТҮР” 2 ШУА; ecce uoc a, x è ' E ае mies Пан WISAY ынана SUM Дин 1 patana. = дү при пењања aa — WY j `š чех, oe NE ES Sd == — a ` ARUNDINARIA JAUNSARENSIS, Gamble. Ly TTE А Va M aww зі Ann. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 23. Gamble, Bambusese. — c iis es ud — cà — € Lath: by K P Dass. ANA, Gamble. ARUNDINARIA ROLLO i» use ue Drawn by M. ldrees. y —TLkIS. ВЕ foa Зи ОЛЖОСУ Т а, Пи О ИУ и m. a TSP: SY 7, PLATE 24 Yid SEEN Е ЫЗЫ, ыс a ы ара red Rd Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. М МИЯТ (ТУТЫ ТТР АР МАР Nee ET Я S ыды шев. Т! C Gamble, B umbusese. | м, мно с Ron ени Wes... ==. 3 5 = Е 5 2 x di PLATE 25. 7, Ро. Алт. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, V Gamble, Bambuse ге. I, Gamble. | x 9 = < = =. = 2 | d Gamble, Bambuse æ Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 26. оо a. apa Ән быға еге к АД, И» = Ii һу А L. Singh ARUN DINARIA MANNII, Gamble 29% MS и аи ИА S 3 upside miM de" puyup сы Peas Gamble, Bambus ев. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 27. "am z = иди 2 Ë= “pq CY ЖШ СС PHYLLOSTACHYS BAMBUSOIDES, Sieb.and Zuce AT MU Vets, jeu ЗА ићи жы С амин... р; РИ Cds ` HAE ~ + w. Др ДАДЕ T IUEED CP ht а nae e: Л | ; = Gamble, Bambusez. Ann. Roy. Bot. Carden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 28 Lith hy K P Dass — PHYLLOSTACHYS MANNII Gamble. s 1 PLATE "I Vol. чым. № М `a y 1-4 — ба, «т», “а NT ues -- =” Е c < m= 4 = = < 7% 2 gl 2 m КЕ“ аи сатысынан RE qu e АУ г » Gamble, Bambuse > i и EN } И Чү v NAA UNA Y Nl ЦИ 4 % BAMBUSA NUTANS,W с oh МИРТА 7, PLATE 31. , Апп. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. e Gamble, Bambusee. 4 y К. P Dass. Lith: b TERES,Ham — — a a) - 2 a + 7 PLATE 32 Calontta, Vol #8 пие | | Алт. Roy. Bot. Garden, И — — NS Tee —— E DW — — —— iiis —..... — <. s. Lith by A. L. Singh. USA RIDLEYI, Gamble. PLATE 3 Lith: by G C. Dass. 4 E 4 E i Ë š —— n t — mtus = „САЛОНИ aÑ aca есе - A. аа. ~ N Lith: by K P Dass. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE. 34. —— BAMBUSA POLYMORPHA,Munro. = `. V SPA da oe V Ша оқа = De ~ CESSES Ce = 3 $ | Drawn by M. Idrees. Gamble, Bambusess. 7 PLATE 35 Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol ев. . à 7 тъч Плен кука aid Ru » Lith by A.D. Mola 7 PLATE 37. Lith: by A. D. Molla. Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol о — BAMBUSA KHASIANA, Munro. ЗА. wet - 5 — um А! “1 Y - Gamble, Bambusee. ТЕНИ М SOTO aT ЈН На НИ НИША IUCNUSETEHINU БН ТЕСЕ Резе PLATE 38. 7, Calcutta, Vol. Garden Ann. Roy. Bot. Camila, Жайна. x Гай by D. N. Chowdhury. 7, PLATE 39. Gamble, Bambusez. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Caleutta, Vol. әзі ыы ыны аншалы ашаны маны VEM. oua СД Е —— 44 ы BAMBUSA BALCOOA, Roxb. зада: SM M LR 2 LR $. - p CN CUM E fi {| { £ 2 га | : i i 1 + I 1 + ў | i { Hi : H і ; E | + | i E ? Hj i i i f + i [HH i i НА + | H 1 mene ma ү! ГТ b: | VAN ү 2 j | M „ТА ; [4 Е me 4 Wee у he НЕ. | Е UT үр ИДИ, ЈАЊ, AGE Ur т" AT d и H: pn i | 44 { L^ H | ` + И ШҚ £ г 2” у өй ү НЯ ҰЛУ; T U n ! DO ig р 1 | E | 1 í X ! H Li LH | ^ ! H iM „+ dH L i Id ЕЧ N | 1 21 * | ) ІШІ Al ЕВ А EH N 1 t à & 59 š i | | N] i X Y | # + mi hi T x || i і y | Au i ; | # |} ism jis 14 | T H / ПА. i | | | i EE | | BW | | 22 Ар | if | : | ; NI | T | «4 ` x А | 9 | за | N i; / Ai | | «EE \ f | % UN | ; * pe 5% $ ў, ; ; 554 А At Nat 14// i 3j d pi | ME: í V i 1 BINE і i A ЕШ ІШ i i ицицициаивицнеЕнсБЕНККЕВЕРЕВЕНИННЕаНЕН Кетсе = ананын REN | ER iiite H =a rqawan anie РАКА aw? el AAAA HaT MA t ыы ратну i Mae $ BAMBUSA VULGARIS, Wendl. Lith: by K P Dass. ЖБ d PLATE 4l. 7 Vol. Lith: by С. C. Dass. cutta, Ann Roy. Bot. Garden, Cal т< Vu Gamble, А вели равнинна танко НИНИ ата иза а КИНА НАНА ROR ЧН УНИИ ИН . Gamble, Bambuseæ Amn. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE. 42. Lith: by A.D. Molla. W, я - ` pg: % V XN S N M | N Mer 1% аги , Vl 7 PLATE 44. Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Gamble, Bambusez. Lith by A.L. Singh. BAMBUSA SCHIZOS TACHYOIDES, Kurz. * Sey ice аа ы а раға ауыл тана e IA пар Por bee nt Uv f + 749 ыг ея туа Gamble, Bambusez. 3 Lith by A.D. Molla. 7, PLATE 46. Lith. by G.C. Dass. ins bane р д Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol KS NPS etd С aca BAMBUSA WRAYI, Stapf. с> Ni De Dod e e CE RU CU TET а 2 UE UT LED A 7 WC ese Dose EE қ an E Mi^ k: + ie 45% x e 0 7 PLATE 47. Lith by K. Е Das Vol па шіге. ^ 5 ша Roy Bot. Gerden, Calcutta, -— ae zi < s. c - ` T M кик" ; " d Ср ареала (arz Lr i eset анана А [um LN d SN PSS 7 4: BAMBUSA BLUMEANA, Schultes. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 48. Lith. by D. N. Chowdhury. Пие а т ж Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 49. а р ы. = W. N SK. SO ` ААА А “ А а, д? М фа кажа ` NS NN N } қ NS N d NANN / LA NS 44 CON M Ж AT NN MP ^T v"————————————————————————— ———— A алғаны лылы ктш ‚үрт Qi io te үт й % ` N ` M ы к“ x * Š 2 ` КК М м ` ` А x x РЕЗЕ ` АА RAY NS . Drawn by M. Idrees. Lith: by С. C.Dass. 8 ‚ PLATE 50. Vol 7 Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, . Gamble, Bambusee. Lith: by А... Singh. LIVERI, Cambie. N THYRSOSTACHYS 0 E EE © eer En i EE D UU was a С T ⁄ Z СЖ d _ CHE: Z uo pne ony Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, 7, PLATE 51. Vol. Gamble, Barbus ez. Lith: by X. P. Dass. t з НИ. о d А 2% < TWO) Ди у | Y i 5 ё „Ж. arii АТ Е een Mir, ка , LAT га St Ау —- THYRSOSTACHYS SIAMENSIS, Gamble. ШИЕ to Бе сес ан vt PISIS RES 5 — r iJ Lath: by K. P Dass. о u Sin ПИ 2 Е ААА м Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 52. B Ек uid та Сорана А с) SS" о — = Hn ч N 4 МА N , Munro. SE а, T S UR (аа етт- GIGANTOCHLOA VERTICILLATA 9 Р ў " ^ А. с ж. — | = == Е at пете : : 77 d E Hey E p Vei m — еч rin + А отоо o d wasa tt tein anti tia ње ви tei ——M nd —— лек a Gamble, Bambuser. wu ees Lith: by A. D. Molla. Ann. Коу Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 53. = n 2.4), 4 ЕСКЕР Tae PON. AI У. HINT, Gamble. — CIGANTOCHLOA SCORTEC 5 % Бен ызын қы асады аа аа Ж Ж Ғы рғ а аа оын уш r Drawn byM. Idrees. Сал е Вашћђивегв. т ТАРҒЫН MEER + | Ж 2: РА piv | TM b i5 и WA 2j 7, pi F E p Ж; ү Ж. WA 2 | Í GIGANTOCHLOA MACROSTACHYA, Korz. é f 2 he SP ЕДЕН Р, “ү , ГА if Z 5 ESS ee — ? Vol 4 РЪАТЕ 55. Lith: by АТ Singh. E — . - а м ммс >= есет T * 3 i sa 48 ES 22 ~ те Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, amble. - т at eb xS SAU i \ \ ` 1 | k Ñ \ \ ЧҮ ` À А Y X L e \ 1 1 \ "m Ж «4 US Y \ Mr \ А ЗА \ \ Lo E Se be De N V X , \ \. t | À Y N X ха! \ i ы дА аа: \ i АДА X VAN \ \ аз LA ы. l3 + X \ \ i \ i \ \ за. \ 4 а" \ ` ` \ \ | хд \ \ 4 ` \ \ X À X i y Ж.А \ \ \ \ ` VAN S 9. 7 987 \ \ ` Я hc \ \ \ A \ \ \ l px АТФ \ ~ - i нъ e = 8 лыны «8 ` —-— GIGANTOCHLOA WRAYI er Ж срео Ж, а ЫЕ Gamble, Bambusez. Lith: by K P Dass. _ GIGANTOCHLOA KURZII, Gamble. Val Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Gamble, Bambusez. SS с T : LEE ER EUR e | s а ied eer оса и ие pu "ipsu НИ ‘Lith by D. N. Chowdhury. EROSTACHYA, Munro. ñ GIGANTOCHLOA. НЕТ 5 we БА ay x NOE INT da M tie a amari co ЖРА m Dd M poder KS NES m =, W райе OU AY TAS RCM MENU Tu ДРЕА s. P ТЕРТ жаратылды», ISTA SS š TATE ЈЕ Желе” "uncus op Mri жз аа сұт S S MIT Е -( Srt МБК Sanu пени то D ва ТА, TS 7 у Ae пт E ; ; Š ) Г Ann. Roy. Bot. Carden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 58. | ск ip \ \ \ \ \ | NN N \\ %% \ да ` ` \ ` | | N \\ N NN N N | | L i | i TRES NN N НАДА TAN \ $ 1 | | | | ` | | LA КА ` \\ 3 b I % Y 4 \ N b (NN N \\\ \ \ x Ó N " X AN \\\ | | | Lith by A.D. Mola, . GIGANTOCHLOA LIGULATA, Camble. Singh. 7 PLATE 59. Lith: by AL, \ I À p ден а < X ` ұл a f . VY Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol SPICULATA,Camble. ГИР - ы. М FX / / GIGANTOCHLOA LATI шн tnm е-е” Gamble, Bambuseæ. | инанинваннакиа Boer oc pi IC ES ER SLE OPUS KHEN Ae NT је УМ Ly. р у РИТА али Ке ыы Шри uc Gamble ,Bambuseæ. Ann. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7 PLATE 60. OL OR имитира ee ncaa ae ель ть ов 3 : 1 Е i қ E I 1 | Be | “w ж. (7 қ ка г 279 2277 72 12 5% ДИ 225 5s MAN 1 б А VANS 7. Ту Z ИЕ Lith by K P Dass. OXYTENANTHERA NIGRO-CILIATA Munro. Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 61. la ia LASS Litt by G C PES ни dup NO E EUR E а 3 к NS 5 hy M фоны ий ET n socer И sasi ә р is im ae да ЧЕ |. z 25: = h s Pram by D.N. Choudhury. | Lith. by D.C.Genguli. bor. cl xcu OXYTENANTHERA SINUATA, Gamble. Š к. Е Н % Cal ) B "s ya At г] if | t (4 Roy. Bot. Garden, Ann. =. А a б 2 VB Lr oats M uis дА th by A.C Chowdhary. T ші rere : — Ñ ини rini oval teat Pap WADED ОРЕ Tomte snnm USATI лета NL DONA ар лы але ча ° s a Ann. Ноу Bot. Gard. Calcutta,Vol7, PLATE 64 l, Munro: | THWATTES HA 1 4 OXY THNAN'THE mà и — теа” . “< A 2 m амен " i / — Еч = 9 “Px A " =>. = Gamble Bambuseas. Drawn by М. Idrees, Gamble, Bambuse æ. AD eb зы \ A аи Ж og ая“ 22 че ута S / и: c deem pr 2% ”% „3 KE ; + Lith: by K P Dass UN у ы FATS а ee N бақ AFP SZ M — s aep und АННА nice 3 Lith: by AT Singh Ж EN 2 <. Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Galcutta, Vol 7, PLATE СЕ. ғ / p ISEE. ^ ^ к. Жж / / и, КИ, Af z fi ж ИХ / ff ИИ Pj FALF cS ff / /% / "4 ^ ЊУ OWN SAAN SA , Z е“ f / РА ⁄ Ж; Й, P A ; Фу” ^ ` ИИ И, ИЯ ИИ P 9. , d ` AS ff НИИ! „и 2 и / е; ии j Ж РА L РЕМ / ии РА 6 "y 3 | FM и É "n £ у / pe, Z A hy УУ Л ga ЖҰР Же / УИ Ж zz м / ҒАР 3 4 Sf Ри ⁄ Ра жуу ЯУ ЖҰР / КА / ЖЫ / Р, d / е; ⁄ и ^ 4 f P d г P Ж и Ж > f E , V МЕ > OXYTENANTHERA S TOCKSII, Munro. Z / / fi ЕЕЕ м; РИ / ір if fff if j //, Y tii Sif 4 у / / if 4 Vy 9 z; rd / / | ж A ы Р, ^ / РА “ЖР ⁄ / их >. £s d E * Z SL ғ АҒАР; ПРУ / t ^ ” Pd E РА Р, и » а J 7j / / ? / ^j |] 7 е # /j ‘fj И (ff р; / ; H ЖЖ y LI ” |: f) P АИ 40 ў таз ЕТЕ 4 114 i Е! e 2 HE |) Ј t HE E " i! BTE / 1] | ^ie ⁄ у 1 111 d | 1 4 4 Drawn by G. C. Dass. . Gamble, Baznbuses. Vel 7, PLATE 67. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, M it / TEL ME SIN — а= 4 А МА, м ~ Dorsten by M. Idrees. OXYTENANTHERA BOURDILLONI, Gamble. Lith. by G C.Dass. — WAP CMS TOS RR ut Meet саса аса Ааа SGT PET i хар Ya а калај SSS SSS ди 1 PLATE 68 Ann. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. ,Nees. о EC DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS Sor AY ЖУЙЕ A ANY ` = W “Z IT NN | даа = АМУ WANA а _ ee Gamble, Bambus ex. | Drawn by M. Idrees, Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 69. Ва А И дето а уы AMARE UN DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS, Nees. icc EAE CLE fr ce cara “| = ` 2 S “=> Ü МАМ 4 272 ыў SANI + 2: "E Gamble, Bambusese. Ai Wb, Фа Drawn by M. Idrees. СОДА жыды EAE ГЕЛЕ a МР ЧЕ Spem RUE < EM исра чт S sr Tet " ripe i i E -— idest ace "a «йг "b Р ~ * е” р А — EM У à " à " А | ? а» “Ми? ai. - 597 a m D t ee т. cn voi dipl o у я RR Lum ное Р " г A РЕЗ ш МЫ EM, M i TE ^ — m | BUS enn — ч | т "E " inen AES er u ОЕ М» Ў ар + x M D ba я TA м b i P$ "E Р > OE ax Бүз e pe = AS ла ede га Е 3 а Р ТРО Cad ui as e а » We v ud Lo ар, Э ge al deir c a Tur V PNIS шй Am Е" Пл + b^ á Р Е, РА athe” E D 22d» ar > Gamble, Bambusez. Drawn by M. геев. EN —— d = = Анно pecore zaag- —— tma Аат — P... ——— nga nen D диване een on питон DENDROCALAMUS SERICEUS, Munro. Lith: by D. N. Chowdhury. Lith by С. C. Dass. w... Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 71 US Munro. oor a ее | me we w — aren ges = s © ~ f DENDROCALAMUS MEMBRANACE : ее "m = e у — сан "a E SS A LOAN x Q / у ји КУ ANN Yi А я № Ху ум” ET _ \ WH 7 ЧИ) WY AWA A | — /< мъ а “ФО TI uf IK AX SAU e | | Ам У КАКА Ж АУЗУ: ST YA E SRE : SZ ME АИ Z NS PENN 2 Le үү ТА Аа ЖУ NK] Rte еа ІІ Шұ» БЕ: ——e С 3% 2 2747 ЖЕ сор: Zi) {л AS — N y W^ Gamble, Bambusesze. Ñ * T У, =з.» x 4 ue Drawn by M. Idrees. білед тана ic ева p " "on ` ағ ж . T mec > 3 > ad AME "ұла Я № os ВЕТ Aun. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 72. £ K sid ^J қаз құ ан а зы це с араса ПКУ, T тү Ж ap t'u Заара Дарк EMT Gamble, Bambusese. ua ` AN е е | | 2 Е š = ық сода ЛАНА Nerea eant e N - эр. йа, = ue — um Jp > № 4 SN Š m apri Q BER. < ж 4 22 a. ка Е) V T y > { NE CON с singh. Lith: by ia Т) ALAMUS SIKKIMENSIS Сале. DENDROC Drawn by M. Idrees. Е у LUE E ке ig es Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 73: ; | Е "Э E AM M E e И — на кезен т бл ra сн EN — — 2 f Ж ЧУЧИ ле М SUN NUT li ARRAS ж IN | И ANS SNJ = SUS NS 355. V b. } EL NES d Штамп by M. rees. Lath: by BM Chowdhury. HOOKERI, Munro. DENDROCALAMUS жит? L^ qib Tua s суағар а cpi ғалы Кер ER > Me елка канда ди Mn xcii ы АЈ Ја Ч T 4 k г) 7, PLATE 74, Ann. Roy Bob. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. Gamble, Bambuseæ. Lith: by AL. Singh. DENDROCALAMUS HAMILTONH, Nees and Arw., 5 | Ф a) * ЕЕ у E B rz 4 2 © B a о E E j Е га > с B | Е ез | 291 Е < c U 5 | = 3 А Е g š E 8 d m > = | са g : Е . `. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 76. де >> I e - Gamble, Bambus ez. мең — » el e Lith: by K P Dass. › Munro. on DENDROGALAMUS GIGANTEUS TUM Tik ХА es oe РЕ ДЕ ан је де а да за ги ашы нын шым VANS ET yoa ОАА оТ ass ДАШЫ. МАШ Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Val 7, PLATE 77. ,Bambusem. Gamble m = асистенти та T сы ~ f D» Ут, / = — Fi Z j / €! £ tm ТА. E/ ра / / ` СИИ ИИ = = — Po ар и Z 4 $ Ko z же у" / / eee » / £ / m ir / ML Деге ERT i44 / E с L ae „СЕК DUROS codem с + f JH ELIT Ng n + vw Kcu cw ka; < , "mo. ^ ^at “ ту: M Y c 3 4 1 E ik ТА е, Y ba IRL PORC белі ЛЕН“ оо а RM NE T ае ДАШ Lith: by G.C. Dass. —— DENDROCALAMUS CALOSTACHYUS,Kurz. Lith: by G. G Dass , Kurz, Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 78. — DENDROCALAMUS LONGISPATHUS Gamble, Bambusee. A и, e 4 Tu a E 5 ғ” » МАЈ Жм TOF wid ЛТҚ iy vi " ВЖ w ç SN Eos We др LUC SPX А Wes at алдына d wi LZ kis % — ет данатын анан да а ы, я 7, PLATE 79. lath hy КР Dass. атестат М б? erit a, ~ ома ме; S : Ка сва Pu qk vC ы АЫ ис UIS er Po iS ли T В А: T P ТЕ Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol — э ie tm 72 | - cA entm 4 —— а P aami anaa c оваа. NLL AA m И Muss Gne фило Њено ET- A 4 ж Ие мн V ee B 2 ЕР дінді m МЕР? ғ == rrt 7 MN MUS BRANDISII, Kurz. DENDROCALA zi: 24 ч, ГЕРА HZ 13 ыыы ht у аа, .. ——À қанд nee e Rede ма пи on re — RN иа MÀ — Gamble, Barnbusess. BO se A xd НЕРУ ee Lith: by D. N. Chowdhury, Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 80. алы ааа жетегін ON. ату жасанды ы ыы а Ob а RR — е ka =, ~ A 2 Заки — Ыы... Че. — Hn us, o sN / N M ИН - sa А ok ; итн летни ит errem e rr Sata copa ин. + Е F " > < $ ue AX qo? o^ TEESE ный + — тее) рЫ еч peace zm РА — — a... . e, aoe mee заана ОЕМ d ` s ad И А V» Me ci RÀ Por Te — DENDROCALAMUS FLAGELLIFER, Munro. Drawn by А. L, Singh. Gamble, Bambuseas. ме" po mea аот inva irem нете 2 I, ert aate til "up I. — — "m— — e _ — — Z " Lith: by D. N. Chowdhury. о e € f / £y / Ри ЖАР а, DENDROCALAMUS LONGIFIMBRIATUS, Gamble. а Mm: wi ME РА » => де ee EEAS PS ысы » i “ ket» v ү. = Ha UEM A. ат E ape тал EU N а Та “кака WV с За. NR A В n xe dog doi Ра МР L momo e. G ле К s "WAQ B P. 742% Ж к ща e ар БА ы E ж ET Ae, NN Temp a сү TER щати S: XG Sai а ақы ыы у О EN PNE EET аы. ЫЙ сан NOS жездей а аа ИДА Y E SPEM А Te я Mx euis d LOL он Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE Ва. => ` Г pese E ix no e. йом PE š "E Ж 2 ë Мо ҚҰЛА m ume. yyy A 222 ИЕ А » ia P d ғұ 1 | M 5; we. WQ. [aS il ve iN № Б í if) S \ “2 j E: " = Ns NZ EE I 224 EN ЖЕЛІ A AR : До Ys ЛЯ А » 5 | if SS 4 / \ #/ ЯА i š Т | š Е M P J ГА + Ы жа p ф р Z И? a АК АСЫ d ; d Ж» ке Ж ГУ КК yt r ZZ ый | r ТЫ A `w Ж 5 Ст > E с жау» ч \ N aw ДЕ N d ще Ес já d у С / ) P у š Y Ч/ < ES V NN га "di, > ми. 222 зук чы. y, diat Ди CUP e "a DENDROCALAMUS PARISHII, Munro. Lith by КР Dass. А 47 AY NN Lith by A. L. Singh. E Zi Ж) Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, ol 7, PLATE 83. DENDROGALAMUS COLLETTIANUS , Gamble. Gamble, Bambusees. Жек 5144,7 jd “алу; a ut > р а % т АБ, 1 Ма У кА ТЕД ге ка В даи Pd ? Қарады NO er ди uy ји ў ME Да dest жеткені Mr PEPPER ? РТА ГА "КР PETERS SPP s IET CN * қайы айдары лысы - Anti Ноу: Bot. Garden, Celoutta, Vl 7, PLATE 84. КА ЗА S ~ x ЕР d xv F. E? ^ та Dom Шуу... Q =< КК РМ ыы! х TUN. Ж. PASA _ ©з > = FAS " Lath: by ALL. Singh. MELOCALAMUS COMPACTIFLORUS, Bth.and Hook f. Drawn by М. Idrees. Garden, Ualcutta, Vol 7 PLATE 85. тн Roy. Hot. Drawn by М. Idrees. Lith: by A.L. Singh. HUM, Munro. PSEUDOSTACHYUM POLYMORP Сага е, Bambusez. E š Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 86. Drawn by M. Idrees. Lith: by D. N. Chowdhury. 4 TEINOSTACHYUM. GRIFFTTHIL Monro. € 7 PLATE 87. с £ У { 4 Е я È g 4 Gamble, Bambusex I IW. n па Recon # Ұма Paige PUN he fap ME IA UE 24: 648 УДА t i 4 а ъу АТ Singh. y TEINOSTACHYUM WIGHTI, Beddome. — M 7, PLATE 88. Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol алама MEME ppm, = = = LN Cin Ж” Lach. by С. C. Dass. TEINOSTACHYUM ATTENUATUM,Munro. JU И ДА Е pere ГА 9 ручей А съда = Pate NU W +“ e e A ТАП ЛУ у-у: “% TP КЕ чи О 7) UM Nr m TEE ү : 7 14505 ЖУЗ У: s TNCS qv ; Š (tr) 65 0 WCD ape ME ғы ба Ды ыры „се, ЕТТІ ОТ q У, 9 Боу. Bot. Garden 7, PLATE 89. Calcutta, Vol 3 Ann коан SOME 253 owed ФАЗА сорды A Dor bre “= m i E» PRO LN 2 ї Ме Lith by A.L. Singh. Ü. "тұ js à А 7, PL. м Lith by A.L. Singh. 5 P2 E: Ñ Ee o} 5 | 5 Е % RI, Gamble. 7 ИИ Р, 3 E Є е ⁄ E пра: | 8 ? Fd t art " > "d ж” "a "d 4 Tf al 2 “ 9 еі ALLE A TEINOSTACHYUM HELFE "ara que m rr a РА ba Ж P Ра ди Ж d ж $ al 2 FAY af if pw. Gamble , Bambus ese. Å H | : <4 >> Е ied реа — Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 9. о MÀ 0 CEPHALOSTACHYUM CAPITATUM, Munro. пог ini леви a n T w $ Gamble ,Bambusess. Drawn by M. Hrees. NE “А Шашы et pu г E ыы SM - = Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Wel. 7, PLATE 92. Gamble, Bambusez. B TNT - Tee ms пак RR МЕ a ае А" PX a ^ Жы а Ja Lith: by K P. Dass. — CEPHALOSTACHYUM PALLIDUM, Munro. Jos ге: ве ИР ЛУ УД ДЕ ЫЛ ЕТ ane Кл, RES ques err Ne NUT eee ы ТР о бт, EI uá o vial uud а Eid ыла а Coa ары улады M Mn ИДА Eh Al 4 р - jn Е еи Тун T па E ue : ] D /.. Amn Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 93. Mmm n ii oe ret naa. — + À LS еен pd anat |... Drawn by М. Idrees. По CEPHALOSTACHYUM LATIFOLIUM, Munro. pue oe SED ее cl TEE Sú ` Ann. Ray. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 9 Lith by КР Dass г Ата е == >“ pM, ur cde има => и — | | See MR етып. J | 1,1 f И i 4 IH Ш) fli TACHYUM FUCHSIANUM,Gamble. CEPHALOS ` Gamble, жесіне, „+ Drawn by G С. Dass. ENS Tete mente tenance ogee oe ne , ^ Е i NETS : ТЫС | | Е е: | ~ A Ж. з Е ~ | Е TE 4 m E „3 а 3 ЕЗ 5 8 Aon. Roy Bot ^ НИИ unc HYUM PERCRACILE Munro. - =! TAC CEPHALOS Gamble Bambuseæ. Drawn by М. Idrees. 3 р 2 š PLATE 96. Vol 7, Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, ENS, Kurz. C | š Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol T, PLATE 97. Gamble,Bambus ees. Lith: by А, L. Singh. UM, Kurz. CEPHALOSTACHYUM VIRGAT Drawn by С. C. Dass. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 98. Gamble ,Barnbuse ze. - aer ar a.s... NEN sss — кс —— ES пе res, —À eee и рена — ar usa... | H i yey ы > AE we TX Lith: by A. L. Sing DINOCHLOA TJANKORREH, Вузе. var. ANDAMANICA, Drawn by M. ldrees. е 7, PLATE 99. Ann. Roy: Bot. Garden. Caloutta, Vol ыч балай ы. ИП май ли ағын МА VL DET ERAT TREE пеачи ис od gera '"CLELLANDI, Gamble, TEM. AP а |, за 7 Е | J / / үт | if АА. / / DINOCHLOA M ет M» МЕС t = eee par n ge Ро r` A ы wer Таста ee | M ac ka чул TRUE А ҮКЕ БЫ Gamble ,Bambuses. Жау Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Wl Ann. TORRE Е А ПИ nce TM te neni 5 x орча — цн зна — ы... AL WP: un adem ЛЕУ ти = ж ness m теге "Z — A ua Жүзе I Њу при 2 у ҮЗІ гай ore. ТЯН Lith oy G C. Dass. , Gamble. I ENUE Е - 4 SCHILZ OS | > Lilia; жаманы cL d dca ~: S kd dA pl quac SEI ГАНЕ Que M aV T A kt ја f Да а а РАА РА ымыны ас aid к le DT жалы 2? Mox Gamble, Bambusez. | | Ann Roy: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 101. Re Sg пез а | т? o NN = \ Sag p. A в. 4 Z b Ж. x 1 ғаты H г NN : D МА, = қық ES $ EE NIE . M ACT poca NS < eS i # $ j Drawn by С. C. Dass, SCHIZOSTACHYUM CHILIANTHUM, Kurz. PUEDE: Е % P ћ * 4 Y 7 E v Sue POS LEWIS Soka d бай сан а савана Lith: by A.L. Singh. = b Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 102. 22 >” ағынын 2 ai rus УУ; ae à Р === i Rm : : H АИ ge EL АП ese rv лова му MIX E CE Ааа cou ALS edad OEC A aue pede подари A ED Эше чт R 2255 ыз A mI X Drawn by D.N. Chowdhury. А ў ' ans а tid at a SS ay ЛЫ ШЫ, PEE D M А š “а n "o МЕ r š к 1 Ф wet the = ER DES M $2 ts E E ES PME SS OMS ES err. ча В SERE Nee T eur Mo T E RETE РР Мом ДАЛ рио ern, ORIS SCHLIZOSTACHYUM ВЪОМЕГ Nees ab. Eseub. SMOD SSH REA о вена бана NOTTE RE EN Y Е Ann Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 108. .” . / y, / м И i rJ a à / / Bis PES / / / / MPTP ATT TY e E «= v iem rte телен iem rt теа. MÀ PÀÀ— MOF Sa i мысалы, ME de = T үлем " mt — Sao — ee i Drawn. by A. 1. Malla. Lath: by AL. Singh. SCHIZOSTAGHYUM LATIFOLIUM, Gamble. ын а-л LAN Mes ri, ddr Qoo ЕУ Дрво са a EE ve tia " MC CC n а š РАДИ Dee E a Da E Ша Др а PEN МІР QV Зз. Ann. Ray. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 104. X e LI н & Drawn by А. L. Singh. lith: by КР Dass. Ы SCHIZOSTACHYUM ACICULARE, Gamble. | a at Sart ПЕ NE ЭЕ ама а а ES HIIS а Сы жары декан OM E ЧАЛ u аа ғанды КОТКЫ ТУЛЖ, ТУРУГУ Л Г Т ТОЛ ГАУ - Gamible,Bambusem. ^ - ща y Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vel 7, PLATE 105. = { қ h ( үү Az "> AN ї im ы; ым; ФАЛЦ Л y Е а ф үн | ИР T сағыу МҮ) N d 4 a Нн! 41817 ; Р г AA VE НМ ++ mmm Ww + i име миз писмени "и Hin in Ди " за Drewn by M. Idrees. | Lith: by K. P. Dass. Ld MELOCANNA ВАМВО5 40ШЕ 5, То. TRU s ^ | Joc На Шіне TORRE MA gent NT арысы Р HORAS РАЈА үң МА Ша у u wak t Аы anc ea тата алы NE AEn ық а TP TQ LOUP ок Se RC ee ARS EACUS ИРИ EET Сағы ары NER SN E. e 4. M" Gamble, Barnbuse=. | Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 106. ау T ка NR Me e ---. MÀ "м w еа о з im =. N AN LN NN ` ` SAN NANA SNNN Хы VAN NS N N AAAS О N N note: Ашер MELOCANNA HUMILIS, Kurz. i à : ка j c Le An 2 eG oe eee EN t pow Y ^d ut ЖЕТТІ & Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Мају 7, PLATE 107. Ай ыен ТЕТЕ ја а кожу ) р ҰҚТЫ ТУУТ у ETE ч Чеч 2 ғана p о Ио". x . * Б ~ Gamble, Bambusee. E Pn S£ 1o ыы" LED IAM эы үң кб қым n. m or Ett e 20 | Drawn by M. Idrees. OCHLANDRA RHEEDII, Већ. and Hook.f. ~ Иди он с ҰБ ААА ДИ ан e о о абы, n. m. n ДУ Тұған РА ата ле а И Ibo i EN E 2 š » + ЩЕ i - ы 4 . 4 N š € ана прави: he) | Ann Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Мо! 7, PLATE 108. ex SAN e RETE т лы | ТКП ТУ >= 4 A. Drawn by K. P Dass. Lith by K P Dass. OGHLANDRA RHEEDII, var. SIVAGIRJANA, Gamble. Е * Ann. Коу: Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 103. ас АМ ола Ч ae PA Tnm р И «4, PP EE wu Мади УЧ малы ЈУ МА Gamble „Вахпбиве 28. | D. N. Chowdhu ry. p + | № h: OCHLANDRA .STRIDULA, Thwaites. Drawn. by M. Idrees. | : ў ^ А | 5 3 4 С DEM ГЫС NE e vit те CONS | PLATE 10. Ann. Roy. Bot. Carden, Calcutta, Vol. T Gamble, Bambusese. ss, Lith by KP Da, ~ , Gamble. OCHLANDRA BEDDOMEI Е 27 PONE - Е 44 ы. P 3 4 П «ins o v em И. ЋЕ ъ= — И. т - se P Gamble, Bambusee. Aun. Ray. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol. 7, PLATE 11. ИАН 3 Е Б A і ай spia rese erus eia Етар > и мае Ула S p PL. 32 -. s " ç я > — = =; r = — - & ғ гир 7 / ; | = = / Ре г: on Lith: by D. N. Chowdhury. Ann. Roy Bot. Garden, Calowtta Vol 7, PLATE 12. Gamble, Bambuseze. ми gage з | | | \ OCHLANDRA TRAVANCORICA var. HIRSUTA. Drawn Әу M. ldrees. A TRATTO ы омер ју тоа ДАМА Ба падини; m ES утру" — гені а te “= MN аа E Xy Te WASI сло ар м а аа. ntm - ; S = pu ЕЕ ТЕ T сс — mr mme е * 2 == р. — е“ “ Erici у €— g: nw дез ñ 6 — 2 XU РУПЕ SSS Е он Е : е #7. e p EE y Ы К — Lith: by D.N. Chowdhury. — Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 113. SIL, Gamble. » ri ж / и и Қ Ды Ық 5а USKA а аа ай yD ағы NN ALEAT елен Wa di OCHLANDRA BRANDI "e CAPE. VON BRI A M WER PA. “pf ПНЩ a T RENS оа аза аз Drgwn by К.Р Dass. 8 D 0 E m = Е C so. yero т tn e ана фи тексты Жез oni Ке М PALS: š dei EL ы er d B c» = р c Gamble , Bambusete. | + за ж 4 % SRM. Need о Mee es ЕТ ge Кале ЭЕ SCR CERE Oe ое 52 ше ҚЫ ада Drawn. by G.C. Dass. Lith: by Е.Р. Dass. OCHLANDRA RIDLEYI, Gamble. h: Ена ДЕ ш ыла а е Е акы аг M Z e | * 3 | | š 8 r эб, = а š D 8 У па = s € e. Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 115. , Gamble. OCHLANDRA SETIGERA Gamble, Bambuseze. Drawn by G.C.Dass. ж орди дама о а ааыа На Unset ҮТЕ RI e T sP Pet PIS tiom tas, - A M 5 y ) i ° я s ou бы ier НЫ Lith: by С.С. Dass. —Ó ой а - a" LL нартаа Ж 2“ РУ; и Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta, Vol 7, PLATE 16. e — E. MI ыа NZ BAMBUSA OLIVERIANA, Gamble. ДА a>" — - nt —— S irt ~ AN “2 ~ — | DEP. cc b a ooa REM: Жел С MCI roccia аго, d у: даља. ода oc «s EM е Ann. Roy Bot. бага Galcntta, Vol 7, PL " 3 ATE ДЕ. C, EAS Ж Ah TN j SAN UN | АА 3 PING А A Фр / i "n ПГ у an За муже а Sai I Аа га Gamble, Валађиве ае. e. w . tin ак, к < ; | y ie — s == ~ | ` NS нес aaa nen i en pee па қал элт Lith: by А T. Singh. 4 ARUNDINARIA РАМТЫН ОП, Gamble. Drawn by A. L. Singh. ~. ~ A туы 2%; рали Дык ce a sd i Sa - „Вагађивеге. Gamble ка Drawn by A. D. Molla,